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Author: Yuanzeng Min
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2832536018
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 216
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Book Description
At present, the prevalence of adult diabetes is 8-10%, and the number of diabetic patients in the world is conservatively estimated to be 350 million. Diabetic nephropathy and diabetic retinopathy are the two major microvascular complications of diabetic patients, and their lethality and harm, on the whole, exceed the other two complications, diabetic foot disease and other complications. Among them, the prevalence of diabetic nephropathy is as high as 20-50% in the diabetic population, especially in patients with diabetes for more than 10 years, the prevalence rate can be as high as 70%, and half of them will develop chronic renal damage and renal failure. Diabetic nephropathy is the first cause of renal maintenance dialysis in end-stage renal disease in Europe and the United States. Diabetic retinopathy is also the leading cause of insomnia in diabetic patients. Immune factors have been clearly confirmed to play an important pathogenic role in type 1 diabetes, but the role of immune factors in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes remains to be further explored. In addition, we are not clear about the role of immune-involved inflammatory response plays in diabetic microvascular disease, and do not know whether it can be a potential intervention target. Answering these questions will provide important targets to overcome diabetes and effectively prevent the progress of diabetic microvascular complications. The goal of the Research Topic is to explore the immune (inflammation) regulation and mediating mechanisms during the pathogenesis of diabetes and diabetic microvascular complications (diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy), and to find potential disease intervention targets in related treatments. We welcome manuscripts that include, but are not limited to, the following aspects: ● Immune-Mediated Mechanisms of the Development of Diabetes ● The role of immune-mediated pancreatic β-cell function decline in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus ● Potential immunotherapy prospects for diabetes ● Involvement and mechanism of immune inflammation in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy ● Immune pathogenic mechanisms in the development of diabetic retinopathy
Author: Yuanzeng Min
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2832536018
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 216
Get Book Here
Book Description
At present, the prevalence of adult diabetes is 8-10%, and the number of diabetic patients in the world is conservatively estimated to be 350 million. Diabetic nephropathy and diabetic retinopathy are the two major microvascular complications of diabetic patients, and their lethality and harm, on the whole, exceed the other two complications, diabetic foot disease and other complications. Among them, the prevalence of diabetic nephropathy is as high as 20-50% in the diabetic population, especially in patients with diabetes for more than 10 years, the prevalence rate can be as high as 70%, and half of them will develop chronic renal damage and renal failure. Diabetic nephropathy is the first cause of renal maintenance dialysis in end-stage renal disease in Europe and the United States. Diabetic retinopathy is also the leading cause of insomnia in diabetic patients. Immune factors have been clearly confirmed to play an important pathogenic role in type 1 diabetes, but the role of immune factors in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes remains to be further explored. In addition, we are not clear about the role of immune-involved inflammatory response plays in diabetic microvascular disease, and do not know whether it can be a potential intervention target. Answering these questions will provide important targets to overcome diabetes and effectively prevent the progress of diabetic microvascular complications. The goal of the Research Topic is to explore the immune (inflammation) regulation and mediating mechanisms during the pathogenesis of diabetes and diabetic microvascular complications (diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy), and to find potential disease intervention targets in related treatments. We welcome manuscripts that include, but are not limited to, the following aspects: ● Immune-Mediated Mechanisms of the Development of Diabetes ● The role of immune-mediated pancreatic β-cell function decline in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus ● Potential immunotherapy prospects for diabetes ● Involvement and mechanism of immune inflammation in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy ● Immune pathogenic mechanisms in the development of diabetic retinopathy
Author: Gabriel Virella
Publisher: Frontiers E-books
ISBN: 2889193527
Category : Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology
Languages : en
Pages : 96
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Book Description
The main causes of morbidity and mortality in diabetes are macrovasular and microvascular complications, including atherosclerosis, nephropathy, and retinopathy. As the definition of atherosclerosis as a chronic, smoldering, inflammatory disease has gained general acceptance, the attention of researchers has focused on the triggers of chronic vascular inflammation. The oxidation and other forms of modification of lipids and lipoproteins have emerged as a major pathogenic factor in atherosclerosis, with a significant interaction with the immune system. Modified lipoproteins by themselves are proinflammatory through the activation of the innate immune system as a consequence of the interaction with scavenger receptors and/or toll-like receptors expressed by a variety of cell types, including phagocytic cells and dendritic cells. A variety of modified forms of LDL (mLDL), including oxidized, malondialdehyde-modified, and Advanced Glycation End-product-modified LDL induce autoimmune responses in humans. Those modifications seem enhanced in diabetes, and the progression of atherosclerosis is accelerated in diabetic patients. The immune response to all forms of mLDL results in both activation of T cells in the arterial wall and in an autoimmune response characterized by the formation of IgG antibodies. Both arms of the immune response are believed to play a role in vascular inflammation. While the cell response is likely to activate resident macrophages, the humoral immune response results in the production of IgG antibodies that bind to specific epitopes in modified forms of LDL, generate immune complexes both intra- and extravascularly, and those complexes are able to activate the classical pathway of the complement system as well as phagocytic cells via Fc? receptors. In vitro studies suggest that the pro-inflammatory activity of immune complexes containing mLDL is several-fold higher than that of the modified LDL molecules by themselves. Clinical studies have provided significant support to the pathogenic role of immune complexes containing modified LDL in the development of atherosclerotic complications in patients with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. At the same time, there is increasing evidence that the formation of immune complexes containing modified forms of LDL may also be involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy. These are areas in which more research is needed to fully understand the pathogenic mechanisms activated by those immune complexes. Of interest is the fact that animal models have suggested the possibility of modifying the adaptive humoral immune response in ways that would result in slowing down, and perhaps prevent, the atherosclerotic process. This possibility is sufficiently alluring as to justify increased research efforts, both in animal models (including diabetic animals) and translational clinical studies. The manipulation of the T regulatory population is another area of potential translational impact, which has hardly been explored. Indeed at this point of time, what seems to be a high priority is an increased and open interchange of information among investigators, trying to reach a better general understanding and integration of knowledge generated from a variety of approaches and perspectives. This Research Topic provided an optimal platform for this open interchange of information. We encouraged interested scientists to submit mini-reviews, methods papers, review articles, perspectives and original research articles covering this topic in all its diversity to facilitate the communication of perspectives and new information between scientists interested in understanding the multiple implications of the involvement of the immune system in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
The main causes of morbidity and mortality in diabetes are macrovasular and microvascular complications, including atherosclerosis, nephropathy, and retinopathy. As the definition of atherosclerosis as a chronic, smoldering, inflammatory disease has gained general acceptance, the attention of researchers has focused on the triggers of chronic vascular inflammation. The oxidation and other forms of modification of lipids and lipoproteins have emerged as a major pathogenic factor in atherosclerosis, with a significant interaction with the immune system. Modified lipoproteins by themselves are proinflammatory through the activation of the innate immune system as a consequence of the interaction with scavenger receptors and/or toll-like receptors expressed by a variety of cell types, including phagocytic cells and dendritic cells. A variety of modified forms of LDL (mLDL), including oxidized, malondialdehyde-modified, and Advanced Glycation End-product-modified LDL induce autoimmune responses in humans. Those modifications seem enhanced in diabetes, and the progression of atherosclerosis is accelerated in diabetic patients. The immune response to all forms of mLDL results in both activation of T cells in the arterial wall and in an autoimmune response characterized by the formation of IgG antibodies. Both arms of the immune response are believed to play a role in vascular inflammation. While the cell response is likely to activate resident macrophages, the humoral immune response results in the production of IgG antibodies that bind to specific epitopes in modified forms of LDL, generate immune complexes both intra- and extravascularly, and those complexes are able to activate the classical pathway of the complement system as well as phagocytic cells via Fc? receptors. In vitro studies suggest that the pro-inflammatory activity of immune complexes containing mLDL is several-fold higher than that of the modified LDL molecules by themselves. Clinical studies have provided significant support to the pathogenic role of immune complexes containing modified LDL in the development of atherosclerotic complications in patients with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. At the same time, there is increasing evidence that the formation of immune complexes containing modified forms of LDL may also be involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy. These are areas in which more research is needed to fully understand the pathogenic mechanisms activated by those immune complexes. Of interest is the fact that animal models have suggested the possibility of modifying the adaptive humoral immune response in ways that would result in slowing down, and perhaps prevent, the atherosclerotic process. This possibility is sufficiently alluring as to justify increased research efforts, both in animal models (including diabetic animals) and translational clinical studies. The manipulation of the T regulatory population is another area of potential translational impact, which has hardly been explored. Indeed at this point of time, what seems to be a high priority is an increased and open interchange of information among investigators, trying to reach a better general understanding and integration of knowledge generated from a variety of approaches and perspectives. This Research Topic provided an optimal platform for this open interchange of information. We encouraged interested scientists to submit mini-reviews, methods papers, review articles, perspectives and original research articles covering this topic in all its diversity to facilitate the communication of perspectives and new information between scientists interested in understanding the multiple implications of the involvement of the immune system in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications.
Author: David Wagner
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 9533077883
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 496
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Book Description
This book is a compilation of reviews about the complication of Type 1 Diabetes. T1D is a classic autoimmune disease. Genetic factors are clearly determinant but cannot explain the rapid, even overwhelming expanse of this disease. Understanding etiology and pathogenesis of this disease is essential. The complications associated with T1D cover a range of clinical obstacles. A number of experts in the field have covered a range of topics for consideration that are applicable to researcher and clinician alike. This book provides apt descriptions of cutting edge technologies and applications in the ever going search for treatments and cure for diabetes.
Author: Mark A. Sperling
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781416027539
Category : Children
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Author: Anca Pantea Stoian
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 1838819037
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 442
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Book Description
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by chronic high blood glucose levels. Of the various types of diabetes, type 2 diabetes is increasing in prevalence due to obesity, aging, sedentarism, and other factors. This book presents a novel approach to preventing and treating type 2 diabetes. Chapters cover such topics as diagnosis, pathogenesis, management, lifestyle and nutritional intervention, and systems to support early diagnosis and prevention of prediabetes.
Author: Samy I. McFarlane
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1603273573
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 196
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Book Description
Diabetes and hypertension have evolved as two of the modern day epidemics affecting millions of people around the world. These two common co-morbidities lead to substantial increase in cardiovascular disease, the major cause of morbidity and mortality of adults around the world. In Diabetes and Hypertension: Evaluation and Management, a panel of renowned experts address a range of critical topics -- from basic concepts in evaluation and management of diabetes and hypertension, such as dietary interventions, to evaluation and management of secondary hypertension in clinical practice. Other chapters focus on high cardiovascular risk populations such as those with coronary heart disease, chronic kidney disease and minority patients. In addition, evolving concepts and new developments in the field are presented in other chapters, such as prevention of type 2 diabetes and the epidemic of sleep apnea and its implication for diabetes and hypertension evaluation and management. An important title covering two of the most troubling disorders of our time, Diabetes and Hypertension: Evaluation and Management will provide the busy practitioner with cutting edge knowledge in the field as well as practical information that can translate into better care provided to the high-risk population of diabetics and hypertensive patients.
Author: Peter Lanzer
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9783642370779
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 5004
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Book Description
Vascular management and care has become a truly multidisciplinary enterprise as the number of specialists involved in the treatment of patients with vascular diseases has steadily increased. While in the past, treatments were delivered by individual specialists, in the twenty-first century a team approach is without doubt the most effective strategy. In order to promote professional excellence in this dynamic and rapidly evolving field, a shared knowledge base and interdisciplinary standards need to be established. Pan Vascular Medicine, 2nd edition has been designed to offer such an interdisciplinary platform, providing vascular specialists with state-of-the art descriptive and procedural knowledge. Basic science, diagnostics, and therapy are all comprehensively covered. In a series of succinct, clearly written chapters, renowned specialists introduce and comment on the current international guidelines and present up-to-date reviews of all aspects of vascular care.
Author: Kenia Pedrosa Nunes
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Medicine
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a form of diabetes mellitus resulting from the lack of insulin secretion by the pancreatic beta cells and which accounts for approximately 5% of the total number of patients with diabetes worldwide. T1D is one of the most common endocrine disorders of children, and its incidence is steadily increasing. T1D is largely considered an autoimmune disorder resulting from the specific destruction of the pancreatic beta-cells that produce insulin. However, T1D pathophysiology is still not completely understood, and although insulin and other therapies ameliorate the manifestations of the disease, no cure is currently available. Traditionally, T1D has been thought of as a condition of cellular adaptive immunity, but evidence exists that components of the innate immune system, such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), play a critical role in T1D development. TLRs have a central role in sensing microbial infections as well as endogenous alarm signals and trigger the release of inflammatory cytokines. The involvement of these receptors in the pathophysiology of several chronic diseases has become a major research interest, and in the last two decades, many studies have suggested the involvement of the innate immune system in the mechanism triggering T1D. Furthermore, microvascular complications in diabetic patients result in considerable morbidity, particularly diabetic nephropathy, retinopathy, and atherosclerosis. A hallmark of diabetic vascular pathology is inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. Recent literature suggests that TLR signaling is involved in vascular inflammation and endothelial dysfunction and that TLR activation may play a crucial role in diabetic microangiopathy. However, the mechanisms by which TLRs and their ligands contribute to T1D are not yet clear, and further investigation is needed. The goal of the present chapter is to address the contribution of TLRs to the mechanisms leading to the development and progression of T1D and to review current possibilities of targeting TLRs to forestall diabetic complications.
Author: Richard I. G. Holt
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118912020
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 1104
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Book Description
Now in its fifth edition, the Textbook of Diabetes has established itself as the modern, well-illustrated, international guide to diabetes. Sensibly organized and easy to navigate, with exceptional illustrations, the Textbook hosts an unrivalled blend of clinical and scientific content. Highly-experienced editors from across the globe assemble an outstanding set of international contributors who provide insight on new developments in diabetes care and information on the latest treatment modalities used around the world. The fifth edition features an array of brand new chapters, on topics including: Ischaemic Heart Disease Glucagon in Islet Regulation Microbiome and Diabetes Diabetes and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Diabetes and Cancer End of Life Care in Diabetes as well as a new section on Psychosocial aspects of diabetes. In addition, all existing chapters are fully revised with the very latest developments, including the most recent guidelines from the ADA, EASD, DUK and NICE. Includes free access to the Wiley Digital Edition providing search across the book, the full reference list with web links, illustrations and photographs, and post-publication updates Via the companion website, readers can access a host of additional online materials such as: 200 interactive MCQ's to allow readers to self-assess their clinical knowledge every figure from the book, available to download into presentations fully searchable chapter pdfs Once again, Textbook of Diabetes provides endocrinologists and diabetologists with a fresh, comprehensive and multi-media clinical resource to consult time and time again.