Hydrogen Separation by Ceramic Membranes in Coal Gasification. Final Report PDF Download
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Languages : en
Pages : 98
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The general objective of this project was to develop hydrogen permselective membranes for hydrogen production from coal gas. The project consisted of the following tasks: (i) membrane preparation and characterization, (ii) membrane stability testing, and (iii) analysis and economic evaluation of a membrane-assisted ammonia from coal process. Several oxides (SiO2, TiO2, Al2O3, B2O3) in dense (or nonporous) form were identified to be permselective to hydrogen at elevated temperatures. To obtain reasonable permeance it is necessary that the membrane consists of a thin selective layer of the dense oxide supported on or within the pores of a porous support tube (or plate). Early in the project we chose porous Vycor tubes (5mm ID, 7 mm OD, 40 Å mean pore diameter) supplied by Corning Inc. as the membrane support. To form the permselective layer (SiO2, TiO2, Al2O3, B2O3) we employed chemical vapor deposition using the reaction of the chloride (SiCl4, etc.) vapor and water vapor at high temperatures. Deposition of the selective layer was carried out in a simple concentric tube reactor comprising the porous support tube surrounded by a wider concentric quartz tube and placed in an electrically heated split tube furnace. In one deposition geometry (the opposing reactants or two-sided geometry) the chloride vapor in nitrogen carrier was passed through the inner tube while the water vapor also in nitrogen carrier was passed in the same direction through the annulus between the two tubes. In the other (two-sided) geometry the chloride-containing stream and the water-containing stream were both passed through the inner tube or both through the annulus.
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 98
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Book Description
The general objective of this project was to develop hydrogen permselective membranes for hydrogen production from coal gas. The project consisted of the following tasks: (i) membrane preparation and characterization, (ii) membrane stability testing, and (iii) analysis and economic evaluation of a membrane-assisted ammonia from coal process. Several oxides (SiO2, TiO2, Al2O3, B2O3) in dense (or nonporous) form were identified to be permselective to hydrogen at elevated temperatures. To obtain reasonable permeance it is necessary that the membrane consists of a thin selective layer of the dense oxide supported on or within the pores of a porous support tube (or plate). Early in the project we chose porous Vycor tubes (5mm ID, 7 mm OD, 40 Å mean pore diameter) supplied by Corning Inc. as the membrane support. To form the permselective layer (SiO2, TiO2, Al2O3, B2O3) we employed chemical vapor deposition using the reaction of the chloride (SiCl4, etc.) vapor and water vapor at high temperatures. Deposition of the selective layer was carried out in a simple concentric tube reactor comprising the porous support tube surrounded by a wider concentric quartz tube and placed in an electrically heated split tube furnace. In one deposition geometry (the opposing reactants or two-sided geometry) the chloride vapor in nitrogen carrier was passed through the inner tube while the water vapor also in nitrogen carrier was passed in the same direction through the annulus between the two tubes. In the other (two-sided) geometry the chloride-containing stream and the water-containing stream were both passed through the inner tube or both through the annulus.
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Languages : en
Pages : 4
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Project Objectives are to develop hydrogen-permselective ceramic membranes for water-gas shift membrane-reactor suitable for hydrogen production from coal gas and evaluate the technical and economic potential of the membrane-reactor. During the reporting period exploratory experiments begun on a membrane preparation technique aimed at providing higher membrane permeance. The new preparation technique involves two stages. The first stage is the formation of a layer of silica gel by a two-phase interfacial reaction within the pores of the substrate. The gel is then dried and calcined yielding a microporous (pore diameter below 10 Å) silica layer within the pores of the substrate tube. The second stage involves one-sided chemical vapor deposition using the SiCl4-H2O reaction to close up the micropores of the gel layer and produce the final hydrogen permselective membrane. Chemical reactions involved are described.
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 3
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Project objectives are to develop hydrogen-permselective ceramic membranes for water-gas shift membrane-reactor suitable for hydrogen production from coal gas, and to evaluate the technical and economic potential of the membrane-reactor. Work performed during reporting period included membrane deposition and stability testing.
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 4
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Book Description
Project Objectives are to develop hydrogen-permselective ceramic membranes for water-gas shift membrane-reactor suitable for hydrogen production from coal gas and evaluate the technical and economic potential of the membrane-reactor. During the reporting period exploratory experiments begun on a membrane preparation technique aimed at providing higher membrane permeance. The new preparation technique involves two stages. The first stage is the formation of a layer of silica gel by a two-phase interfacial reaction within the pores of the substrate. The gel is then dried and calcined yielding a microporous (pore diameter below 10 [Angstrom]) silica layer within the pores of the substrate tube. The second stage involves one-sided chemical vapor deposition using the SiCl[sub 4]-H[sub 2]O reaction to close up the micropores of the gel layer and produce the final hydrogen permselective membrane. Chemical reactions involved are described.
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Category : Power resources
Languages : en
Pages : 782
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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The objective of this work is to develop dense ceramic membranes for separating hydrogen from other gaseous components in a nongalvanic mode, i.e., without using an external power supply or electrical circuitry. This goal of this project is to develop two types of dense ceramic membrane for producing hydrogen nongalvanically, i.e., without electrodes or external power supply, at commercially significant fluxes under industrially relevant operating conditions. The first type of membrane, hydrogen transport membranes (HTMs), will be used to separate hydrogen from gas mixtures such as the product streams from coal gasification, methane partial oxidation, and water-gas shift reactions. Potential ancillary uses of HTMs include dehydrogenation and olefin production, as well as hydrogen recovery in petroleum refineries and ammonia synthesis plants, the largest current users of deliberately produced hydrogen. The second type of membrane, oxygen transport membranes (OTMs), will produce hydrogen by nongalvanically removing oxygen that is generated when water dissociates at elevated temperatures. This report describes progress that was made during FY 2006 on the development of OTM and HTM materials.
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 69
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This project is a continuation of a previous DOE-UCR project (DE-FG22- 89PC89765) dealing with the preparation of silica membranes highly permselective to hydrogen at elevated temperatures, suitable for hydrogen separation from coal gas. The membranes prepared in the previous project had very high selectivity but relatively low permeance. Therefore, the general objectives of this project were to improve the permeance of these membranes and to obtain fundamental information about membrane structure and properties. The specific objectives were: (1) to explore new silylation reagents and reaction conditions with the purpose of reducing the thickness and increasing the permeance of silica membranes prepared by chemical vapor deposition (CVD), (2) to characterize the membrane structure, (3) to delineate mechanism and kinetics of deposition, (4) to measure the permeability of silica layers at different extents of deposition, and (5) to mathematically model the relationship between structure and deposition kinetics.
Author: A.J. Burggraaf
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080534708
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 709
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Book Description
Inorganic membrane science and technology is a new field of membrane separation technology which until recently was dominated by the earlier field of polymer membranes. Currently the subject is undergoing rapid development and innovation.The present book describes the fundamental principles of both synthesis of inorganic membranes and membrane supports and also the associated phenomena of transport and separation in a semi-quantitative form.Features of this book:- Examples are given which illustrate the state-of-the-art in the synthesis of membranes with controlled properties- Future possibilities and limitations are discussed- The reader is provided with references to more extended treatments in the literature- Potential areas for future innovation are indicated.By combining aspects of both the science and technology of inorganic membranes this book serves as a useful source of information for scientists and engineers working in this field. It also provides some observations of important investigators who have contributed to the development of this subject.
Author:
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ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
The objective of this work is to develop dense ceramic membranes for separating hydrogen from other gaseous components in a nongalvanic mode, i.e., without using an external power supply or electrical circuitry. The goal of this project is to develop dense hydrogen transport membranes (HTMs) that nongalvanically (i.e., without electrodes or external power supply) separate hydrogen from gas mixtures at commercially significant fluxes under industrially relevant operating conditions. HTMs will be used to separate hydrogen from gas mixtures such as the product streams from coal gasification, methane partial oxidation, and water-gas shift reactions. Potential ancillary uses of HTMs include dehydrogenation and olefin production, as well as hydrogen recovery in petroleum refineries and ammonia synthesis plants, the largest current users of deliberately produced hydrogen. This report describes the results from the development and testing of HTM materials during FY 2009.
