Author: Ralph W. Brauer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Hydrogen
Languages : en
Pages : 356
Book Description
Hydrogen as a Diving Gas
Author: Ralph W. Brauer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Hydrogen
Languages : en
Pages : 356
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Hydrogen
Languages : en
Pages : 356
Book Description
The Use of Hydrogen as an Inert Gas During Diving
Author: James H. Dougherty
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Diving
Languages : en
Pages : 28
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Diving
Languages : en
Pages : 28
Book Description
The Use of Hydrogen as an Inert Gas During Diving
Author: James H. Dougherty
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Diving
Languages : en
Pages : 28
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Diving
Languages : en
Pages : 28
Book Description
Hydrogen as a Diving Gas
Author: Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society. Workshop
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 336
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 336
Book Description
Evaluation of the Use of Hydrogen-Oxygen as a Breathing Gas in Deep-Sea Diving
Author: Peter Edel
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 31
Book Description
This study attempts to define the state-of-the-art for the use of Hydrogen-Oxygen mixtures for diving operations by compiling information relative to past and current research efforts in the U.S. and foreign countries. This information was utilized to indicate possible areas of application with this mixture for appropriate conditions and define areas in which hydrogen-oxygen mixtures could offer physiological advantages not possible with currently used breathing mixtures. Further research requirements prior to operational use of this mixture are indicated from this study and recommendations for current and future research and development needs are included in this report. Hydrogen-oxygen mixtures have shown sufficient advantage to warrant further research for possible future applications. Present experience indicates that H2-02 mixtures offer some potential advantages over present helium-oxygen bounce diving applications for operations where on site gas storage space is limited and/or resupply of breathing gas mixtures are a potential problem. Present experience indicates that H2-He-02 mixtures offer some potential advantages over present helium-oxygen saturation diving operations at depths where increased diver performance and reduction of breathing resistance is an important factor. Hydrogen narcosis effects and decompression requirements are the major primary physiological research areas requiring investigation prior to possible applications of such mixtures for operational usage.
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 31
Book Description
This study attempts to define the state-of-the-art for the use of Hydrogen-Oxygen mixtures for diving operations by compiling information relative to past and current research efforts in the U.S. and foreign countries. This information was utilized to indicate possible areas of application with this mixture for appropriate conditions and define areas in which hydrogen-oxygen mixtures could offer physiological advantages not possible with currently used breathing mixtures. Further research requirements prior to operational use of this mixture are indicated from this study and recommendations for current and future research and development needs are included in this report. Hydrogen-oxygen mixtures have shown sufficient advantage to warrant further research for possible future applications. Present experience indicates that H2-02 mixtures offer some potential advantages over present helium-oxygen bounce diving applications for operations where on site gas storage space is limited and/or resupply of breathing gas mixtures are a potential problem. Present experience indicates that H2-He-02 mixtures offer some potential advantages over present helium-oxygen saturation diving operations at depths where increased diver performance and reduction of breathing resistance is an important factor. Hydrogen narcosis effects and decompression requirements are the major primary physiological research areas requiring investigation prior to possible applications of such mixtures for operational usage.
The Use of Non-explosive Mixtures of Hydrogen and Oxygen for Diving
Author: William P. Fife
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Deep diving
Languages : en
Pages : 100
Book Description
The purpose of this report is to place under one cover a summary of hydrogen-oxygen (hydrox) diving to date, and a detailed description of the techniques which have been developed to conduct such diving in this laboratory
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Deep diving
Languages : en
Pages : 100
Book Description
The purpose of this report is to place under one cover a summary of hydrogen-oxygen (hydrox) diving to date, and a detailed description of the techniques which have been developed to conduct such diving in this laboratory
The Use of Hydrogen as an Inert Gas During Diving: Pulmonary Function During Hydrogen-Oxygen Breathing at Pressures Equivalent to 200 Feet of Sea Water
Author: James H Dougherty (Jr)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 22
Book Description
A review of the characteristics of hydrogen as an inert gas for use in diving is presented, with special emphasis on the extention of the respiratory limitation in diving by use of this least dense of all gases. Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced expiratory volume in 2 seconds (FEV2), peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), peak inspiratory flow rate (PIFR), and maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV) were measured on four subjects breathing 97% H2-3% O2 at 200 fsw, on two subjects breathing 97% He-3% o2, and on two divers using 97% N2-3% O2. The MVV on H2-O2 at 200 fsw was 14% better than on air at the surface and was improved 40% compared with He-O2 and 171% when compared with N2-O2 at 200 fsw. Similar findings were obtained for the following functions: FEV1, FEV2, PEFR, and PIFR. This is the first study in which pulmonary function has been measured during hydrogen-oxygen breathing. The values in this study for the relationship of relative gas density to flow are in good agreement with both the theoretical and experimental values of Wood and Bryan.
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 22
Book Description
A review of the characteristics of hydrogen as an inert gas for use in diving is presented, with special emphasis on the extention of the respiratory limitation in diving by use of this least dense of all gases. Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced expiratory volume in 2 seconds (FEV2), peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), peak inspiratory flow rate (PIFR), and maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV) were measured on four subjects breathing 97% H2-3% O2 at 200 fsw, on two subjects breathing 97% He-3% o2, and on two divers using 97% N2-3% O2. The MVV on H2-O2 at 200 fsw was 14% better than on air at the surface and was improved 40% compared with He-O2 and 171% when compared with N2-O2 at 200 fsw. Similar findings were obtained for the following functions: FEV1, FEV2, PEFR, and PIFR. This is the first study in which pulmonary function has been measured during hydrogen-oxygen breathing. The values in this study for the relationship of relative gas density to flow are in good agreement with both the theoretical and experimental values of Wood and Bryan.
The Use of Hydrogen-Oxygen Breathing Mixtures for Deep Ocean Diving
Author: William P. Fife
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 91
Book Description
Simulated dives were made with dogs to a depth equivalent to 1000 feet of Sea water (305 meters). Sixteen of these animals breathed a non-explosive hydrogen-oxygen mixture (hydrox) containing no more than 3% oxygen, while 12 breathed gas mixtures containing helium in place of hydrogen. In a number of dives, animals were exposed to hydrogen continuously for between 96-100 hours, 48 of which was spent at 1000 FSW. Extensive pre- and post-dive blood enzyme and hematological studies were carried out. In addition lung, brain and liver biopsies were carried out on selected animals. all such studies showed no significant abnormalities. One dive employing helium and one dive employing hydrogen proved fatal. In both instances, these fatalities were due to volatile hydrocarbons present in a cylinder of contaminated oxygen. All other animals survived the exposures. Indeed, some animals made more than one dive. Three of these animals still appear normal after 3 to 5 years post-dive. EEG studies showed no residual post-dive abnormalities and no evidence of High Pressure Nervous Syndrome while at 1000 FSW, although transient EEG abnormalities were noted during hypoxia. Techniques were developed for mixing hydrogen and oxygen in a non-explosive manner. The techniques developed for the use of hydrox appear to be reasonably safe. For the past eleven years, this laboratory has carried out over 645O hours of hydrox exposure on animals including mice, rats, dogs, and man, and has mixed approximately 200 cylinders of hydrox without an accident related to the use of hydrogen.
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 91
Book Description
Simulated dives were made with dogs to a depth equivalent to 1000 feet of Sea water (305 meters). Sixteen of these animals breathed a non-explosive hydrogen-oxygen mixture (hydrox) containing no more than 3% oxygen, while 12 breathed gas mixtures containing helium in place of hydrogen. In a number of dives, animals were exposed to hydrogen continuously for between 96-100 hours, 48 of which was spent at 1000 FSW. Extensive pre- and post-dive blood enzyme and hematological studies were carried out. In addition lung, brain and liver biopsies were carried out on selected animals. all such studies showed no significant abnormalities. One dive employing helium and one dive employing hydrogen proved fatal. In both instances, these fatalities were due to volatile hydrocarbons present in a cylinder of contaminated oxygen. All other animals survived the exposures. Indeed, some animals made more than one dive. Three of these animals still appear normal after 3 to 5 years post-dive. EEG studies showed no residual post-dive abnormalities and no evidence of High Pressure Nervous Syndrome while at 1000 FSW, although transient EEG abnormalities were noted during hypoxia. Techniques were developed for mixing hydrogen and oxygen in a non-explosive manner. The techniques developed for the use of hydrox appear to be reasonably safe. For the past eleven years, this laboratory has carried out over 645O hours of hydrox exposure on animals including mice, rats, dogs, and man, and has mixed approximately 200 cylinders of hydrox without an accident related to the use of hydrogen.
The NOAA Diving Manual
Author: United States. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Manned Undersea Science and Technology Office
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Adaptation (Physiology)
Languages : en
Pages : 504
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Adaptation (Physiology)
Languages : en
Pages : 504
Book Description
NOAA Diving Manual
Author: United States. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Office of Undersea Research
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Deep diving
Languages : en
Pages : 628
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Deep diving
Languages : en
Pages : 628
Book Description