Author: Luigi Luciani
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Physiology
Languages : en
Pages : 692

Get Book Here

Book Description

Author: J. Gordon Betts
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781947172807
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

Get Book Here

Book Description

Author: Luigi Luciani
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

Get Book Here

Book Description

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

Get Book Here

Book Description

Author: Simon Rose
Publisher: Weigl Publishers
ISBN: 1489699287
Category : Juvenile Nonfiction
Languages : en
Pages : 32

Get Book Here

Book Description
Did you know that there are more than 600 named muscles in the human body? About 40 percent of a person’s body weight is muscle. Discover more fascinating facts in Muscular System, a title in the Body Systems series. Each title in Body Systems guides readers through the fascinating inner workings of the human body. The human body contains several complex systems that work closely together to support life and allow the body to function properly. Each book explores the characteristics and interactions of these systems, their makeup, and their importance. This is an AV2 media enhanced book. A unique book code printed on page 2 unlocks multimedia content that brings the book to life. This book comes alive with audio, video, weblinks, slideshows, activities, quizzes, and much more.

Author: Donald Fischman
Publisher: Morgan & Claypool Publishers
ISBN: 161504003X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 56

Get Book Here

Book Description
Histologically, muscle is conveniently divided into two groups, striated and nonstriated, based on whether the cells exhibit cross-striations in the light microscope (Figure 3). Smooth muscle is involuntary: its contraction is controlled by the autonomic nervous system. Striated muscle includes both cardiac (involuntary) and skeletal (voluntary). The former is innervated by visceral efferent fibers of the autonomic nervous system, whereas the latter is innervated by somatic efferent fibers, most of which have their cell bodies in the ventral, motor horn of the spinal cord. Smooth muscle is designed to have slow, relatively sustained contractions, while striated muscle contracts rapidly and usually phasically. Both cardiac and smooth muscle cells are mononucleated, whereas skeletal muscle cells (fibers) are multinucleated. [In aging hearts or hypertrophied hearts, cardiac muscle cells are often binucleated.] Multinucleation of skeletal muscle arises during development by the cytoplasmic fusion of muscle precursor cells, myoblasts. Adult skeletal muscle cells do not divide; that is also true of most cardiac myocytes. However, skeletal muscle exhibits a considerable amount of regeneration after injury. This is because adult skeletal muscle contains a stem cell, the satellite cell, which lies beneath the basement membrane surrounding the muscle fibers. [The multinucleation of cardiac muscle arises from karyokinesis without cytokinesis.] A diagrammatic series of enlargements of skeletal muscle are shown in Figure 4. A bundle of muscle fibers (fasciculus) is cut from the deltoid muscle. Each muscle cell is termed a myofiber or muscle fiber. Each muscle fiber contains contractile organelles termed myofibrils, which contain the contractile units of muscle termed sarcomeres. The sarcomeres are composed of myofilaments, which in turn are composed of contractile proteins. Muscle connective tissue layers are organized in concentric layers that are important in the entry and exit of vessels and nerves to and from the tissue. These are shown in Figure 5. The outermost layer is the epimysium or muscle sheath. Connective tissue septae (perimysium) run radially into the muscle tissue, dividing it into muscle fascicles. The deepest layer, surrounding each of the muscle fibers is the endomysium. The endomysium is in direct contact with a basal lamina that ensheathes each muscle fiber. It surrounds the plasma membrane of the muscle fiber termed the sarcolemma.

Author: Brian C. Clark
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889196860
Category : Biological psychiatry
Languages : en
Pages : 156

Get Book Here

Book Description
Download PDF Download EPUB The deterioration of skeletal muscle performance (e.g., declines in muscle strength and motor performance) with advancing age has long been anecdotally recognized as Shakespeare pointed out nearly a half millennium ago in his monologue The Seven Ages of Man, and has been of scientific interest for well over a century. Over the past several decades the scientific and medical communities have recognized that reduced skeletal muscle performance is a debilitating and life threatening condition in the elderly. For example, the age-associated loss of muscle strength, as well as impairment in the ability to finely control movement, is highly associated with physical disability and difficulty performing activities of daily living. While the nervous system is widely recognized for its role in controlling skeletal muscle during motor function, its role in determining the performance characteristics of aged skeletal muscle has largely been understudied. Historically, it was believed that these reductions in muscle performance were primarily resultant of age-associated adaptations in skeletal muscle (e.g., muscle atrophy). However, aging is associated with widespread qualitative and quantitative changes in both the central and peripheral nervous systems that are likely to influence numerous aspects of muscle performance, such as muscle strength, fatigue, and motor control, as well as mobility. In this research topic, we sought to examine a broad range of issues surrounding: 1) the age-related changes in nervous system anatomical, physiological, and biochemical changes in the central and/or peripheral nervous systems; 2) the functional role of these nervous system changes in contributing to altered skeletal muscle performance and/or mobility; and 3) physical and pharmacologic interventions that act via the nervous system to enhance muscle performance and/or mobility. Researchers and academicians engaged in aging, neuroscience, and/or applied physiology research focused within the scope of this research topic, were encouraged to contribute an original research article, review article, clinical case study, hypothesis and theory article, method article, opinion article, or technology report to this research topic. Herein, we present a series of outstanding articles within this scope of work, including a last minute addition article from Wiesmeier, Dalin and Maurer that is not mentioned in the editorial, that we hope will help to vertically advance the intersecting fields of aging/geriatrics and neuroscience. Lastly, as the editors, we wish to thank all article contributors and peer reviewers for their efforts in contributing to this Research Topic journal issue/book. Additionally, we would like to thank people everywhere who volunteer their time and body for human subjects research studies, such that are presented herein. It is the wonderful individuals who are willing to participate in experiments that make scientific exploration and health and medical advancements possible.

Author: Lindsay Biga
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781955101158
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

Get Book Here

Book Description
A version of the OpenStax text

Author: Carlos Eyzaguirre
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780815131823
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 442

Get Book Here

Book Description

Author: Luigi Luciani
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 667

Get Book Here

Book Description