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Author: Fabian A Borges
Publisher: University of Michigan Press
ISBN: 0472902776
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 317
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Book Description
Latin America underwent two major transformations during the 2000s: the widespread election of left-leaning presidents (the so-called left turn) and the diffusion of conditional cash transfer programs (CCTs)—innovative social programs that award regular stipends to poor families on the condition that their children attend school. Combining cross-national quantitative research covering the entire region and in-depth case studies based on field research, Human Capital versus Basic Income: Ideology and Models for Anti-Poverty Programs in Latin America challenges the conventional wisdom that these two transformations were unrelated. In this book, author Fabián A. Borges demonstrates that this ideology greatly influenced both the adoption and design of CCTs. There were two distinct models of CCTs: a “human capital” model based on means-tested targeting and strict enforcement of program conditions, exemplified by the program launched by Mexico’s right, and a more universalistic “basic income” model with more permissive enforcement of conditionality, exemplified by Brazil’s program under Lula. These two models then spread across the region. Whereas right and center governments, with assistance from international financial institutions, enacted CCTs based on the human capital model, the left, with assistance from Brazil, enacted CCTs based on the basic income model. The existence of two distinct types of CCTs and their relation to ideology is supported by quantitative analyses covering the entire region and in-depth case studies based on field research in three countries. Left-wing governments operate CCTs that cover more people and spend more on those programs than their center or right-wing counterparts. Beyond coverage, a subsequent analysis of the 10 national programs adopted after Lula’s embrace of CCTs confirms that program design—evaluated in terms of scope of the target population, strictness of conditionality enforcement, and stipend structure—is shaped by government ideology. This finding is then fleshed out through case studies of the political processes that culminated in the adoption of basic income CCTs by left-wing governments in Argentina and Bolivia and a human capital CCT by a centrist president in Costa Rica.
Author: Fabian A Borges
Publisher: University of Michigan Press
ISBN: 0472902776
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 317
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Book Description
Latin America underwent two major transformations during the 2000s: the widespread election of left-leaning presidents (the so-called left turn) and the diffusion of conditional cash transfer programs (CCTs)—innovative social programs that award regular stipends to poor families on the condition that their children attend school. Combining cross-national quantitative research covering the entire region and in-depth case studies based on field research, Human Capital versus Basic Income: Ideology and Models for Anti-Poverty Programs in Latin America challenges the conventional wisdom that these two transformations were unrelated. In this book, author Fabián A. Borges demonstrates that this ideology greatly influenced both the adoption and design of CCTs. There were two distinct models of CCTs: a “human capital” model based on means-tested targeting and strict enforcement of program conditions, exemplified by the program launched by Mexico’s right, and a more universalistic “basic income” model with more permissive enforcement of conditionality, exemplified by Brazil’s program under Lula. These two models then spread across the region. Whereas right and center governments, with assistance from international financial institutions, enacted CCTs based on the human capital model, the left, with assistance from Brazil, enacted CCTs based on the basic income model. The existence of two distinct types of CCTs and their relation to ideology is supported by quantitative analyses covering the entire region and in-depth case studies based on field research in three countries. Left-wing governments operate CCTs that cover more people and spend more on those programs than their center or right-wing counterparts. Beyond coverage, a subsequent analysis of the 10 national programs adopted after Lula’s embrace of CCTs confirms that program design—evaluated in terms of scope of the target population, strictness of conditionality enforcement, and stipend structure—is shaped by government ideology. This finding is then fleshed out through case studies of the political processes that culminated in the adoption of basic income CCTs by left-wing governments in Argentina and Bolivia and a human capital CCT by a centrist president in Costa Rica.
Author: Ugo Gentilini
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 1464815119
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 325
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Book Description
Universal basic income (UBI) is emerging as one of the most hotly debatedissues in development and social protection policy. But what are thefeatures of UBI? What is it meant to achieve? How do we know, andwhat don’t we know, about its performance? What does it take to implementit in practice? Drawing from global evidence, literature, and survey data, thisvolume provides a framework to elucidate issues and trade-offs in UBI with a viewto help inform choices around its appropriateness and feasibility in different contexts.Specifically, the book examines how UBI differs from or complements othersocial assistance programs in terms of objectives, coverage, incidence, adequacy,incentives, effects on poverty and inequality, financing, political economy, andimplementation. It also reviews past and current country experiences, surveys thefull range of existing policy proposals, provides original results from micro–tax benefitsimulations, and sets out a range of considerations around the analytics andpractice of UBI.
Author: Philippe Van Parijs
Publisher: Harvard University Press
ISBN: 0674978099
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 395
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Book Description
“Powerful as well as highly engaging—a brilliant book.” —Amartya Sen A Times Higher Education Book of the Week It may sound crazy to pay people whether or not they’re working or even looking for work. But the idea of providing an unconditional basic income to everyone, rich or poor, active or inactive, has long been advocated by such major thinkers as Thomas Paine, John Stuart Mill, and John Kenneth Galbraith. Now, with the traditional welfare state creaking under pressure, it has become one of the most widely debated social policy proposals in the world. Basic Income presents the most acute and fullest defense of this radical idea, and makes the case that it is our most realistic hope for addressing economic insecurity and social exclusion. “They have set forth, clearly and comprehensively, what is probably the best case to be made today for this form of economic and social policy.” —Benjamin M. Friedman, New York Review of Books “A rigorous analysis of the many arguments for and against a universal basic income, offering a road map for future researchers.” —Wall Street Journal “What Van Parijs and Vanderborght bring to this topic is a deep understanding, an enduring passion and a disarming optimism.” —Steven Pearlstein, Washington Post
Author: Louise Haagh
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1509522999
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 124
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Book Description
Advocated (and attacked) by commentators across the political spectrum, paying every citizen a basic income regardless of their circumstances sounds utopian. However, as our economies are transformed and welfare states feel the strain, it has become a hotly debated issue. In this compelling book, Louise Haagh, one of the world’s leading experts on basic income, argues that Universal Basic Income is essential to freedom, human development and democracy in the twenty-first century. She shows that, far from being a silver bullet that will transform or replace capitalism, or a sticking plaster that will extend it, it is a crucial element in a much broader task of constructing a democratic society that will promote social equality and humanist justice. She uses her unrivalled knowledge of the existing research to unearth key issues in design and implementation in a range of different contexts across the globe, highlighting the potential and pitfalls at a time of crisis in governing and public austerity. This book will be essential reading for anyone who wants to get beyond the hype and properly understand one of the most important issues facing politics, economics and social policy today.
Author: Phillip Brown
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0190644338
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 321
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Book Description
Human capital theory, or the notion that there is a direct relationship between educational investment and individual and national prosperity, has dominated public policy on education and labor for the past fifty years. In The Death of Human Capital?, Phillip Brown, Hugh Lauder, and Sin Yi Cheung argue that the human capital story is one of false promise: investing in learning isn't the road to higher earnings and national prosperity. Rather than abandoning human capital theory, however, the authors redefine human capital in an age of smart machines. They present a new human capital theory that rejects the view that automation and AI will result in the end of waged work, but see the fundamental problem as a lack of quality jobs offering interesting, worthwhile, and rewarding opportunities. A controversial challenge to the reigning ideology, The Death of Human Capital? connects with a growing sense that capitalism is in crisis, felt by students and the wider workforce, shows what's at stake in the new human capital while offering hope for the future.
Author: Glenn-Marie Lange
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 1464810478
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 293
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Book Description
Countries regularly track gross domestic product (GDP) as an indicator of their economicprogress, but not wealth—the assets such as infrastructure, forests, minerals, and humancapital that produce GDP. In contrast, corporations routinely report on both their income andassets to assess their economic health and prospects for the future. Wealth accounts allowcountries to take stock of their assets to monitor the sustainability of development, an urgentconcern today for all countries.The Changing Wealth of Nations 2018: Building a Sustainable Future covers national wealthfor 141 countries over 20 years (1995–2014) as the sum of produced capital, 19 types ofnatural capital, net foreign assets, and human capital overall as well as by gender and type ofemployment. Great progress has been made in estimating wealth since the fi rst volume, WhereIs the Wealth of Nations? Measuring Capital for the 21st Century, was published in 2006. Newdata substantially improve estimates of natural capital, and, for the fi rst time, human capital ismeasured by using household surveys to estimate lifetime earnings.The Changing Wealth of Nations 2018 begins with a review of global and regional trends inwealth over the past two decades and provides examples of how wealth accounts can be usedfor the analysis of development patterns. Several chapters discuss the new work on humancapital and its application in development policy. The book then tackles elements of naturalcapital that are not yet fully incorporated in the wealth accounts: air pollution, marine fi sheries,and ecosystems.This book targets policy makers but will engage anyone committed to building a sustainablefuture for the planet.
Author: United Nations. Economic Commission for Europe. Task Force on Measuring Human Capital
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789210598668
Category : Human capital
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Introduction -- Concepts and definitions -- Methodological issues -- Implementation and measurement issues -- Satellite account for education and training -- Human capital satellite account: an example for Canada -- Human capital country studies -- Recommendations and further work -- References
Author: WHO Commission on Social Determinants of Health
Publisher: World Health Organization
ISBN: 9241563702
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 257
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Book Description
Social justice is a matter of life and death. It affects the way people live, their consequent chance of illness, and their risk of premature death. We watch in wonder as life expectancy and good health continue to increase in parts of the world and in alarm as they fail to improve in others.
Author: Gary S. Becker
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
A diverse array of factors may influence both earnings and consumption; however, this work primarily focuses on the impact of investments in human capital upon an individual's potential earnings and psychic income. For this study, investments in human capital include such factors as educational level, on-the-job skills training, health care, migration, and consideration of issues regarding regional prices and income. Taking into account varying cultures and political regimes, the research indicates that economic earnings tend to be positively correlated to education and skill level. Additionally, studies indicate an inverse correlation between education and unemployment. Presents a theoretical overview of the types of human capital and the impact of investment in human capital on earnings and rates of return. Then utilizes empirical data and research to analyze the theoretical issues related to investment in human capital, specifically formal education. Considered are such issues as costs and returns of investments, and social and private gains of individuals. The research compares and contrasts these factors based upon both education and skill level. Areas of future research are identified, including further analysis of issues regarding social gains and differing levels of success across different regions and countries. (AKP).
Author: Andy Stern
Publisher: PublicAffairs
ISBN: 161039626X
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 270
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Book Description
Raising the Floor confronts America's biggest economic challenge-the fundamental restructuring of the economy and the emerging disruptive technology that threaten secure jobs and income. Andy Stern convincingly shows why it is time to consider a universal basic income as the nation's twenty-first-century solution to increasing inequality. In 2010, troubled by watching families chase the now-elusive American Dream, Andy Stern began a five-year journey to investigate how technology will impact jobs and the future of work. Stern, formerly the head of the nation's most influential and fastest-growing union, the Service Employees International Union, investigated these issues with a wide range of CEOs, futurists, economists, workers, entrepreneurs, and investment bankers who are shaping the future. The sobering assessment that emerged from his research-across the political spectrum, from libertarians at the CATO Institute to the leaders of the progressive left-is that this time is different: there will be meager benefits that come with full-time work and fewer good jobs overall. Facing such a challenging moment, Stern's solution is fittingly bold: to establish a universal basic income by eliminating many current government programs and adding new resources. At once vivid, provocative, and pragmatic, Raising the Floor will spark a national conversation about creating the new American Dream.
