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Author: Evelyn Brody
Publisher: The Philanthropy Roundtable
ISBN: 0985126590
Category : Reference
Languages : en
Pages : 115
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Book Description
In recent years, some public officials and advocacy groups have urged that private philanthropies be subject to more uniform standards and stricter government regulation ranging from board composition to grant distribution to philanthropies' charitable purposes. A major justification cited by advocates of these proposals is the claim that the charitable tax exemption and deduction are government subsidies, and thus philanthropic funds are "public money" and should be publicly controlled. Some advocates also claim that philanthropic assets are public money because philanthropies operate under state charters and are subject to state oversight. In the second edition of this monograph, legal scholars Evelyn Brody and John Tyler evaluate the legal basis of the "public money" claim. They conclude that it is not well founded in legal authority. State oversight of philanthropies is not based on an assertion that philanthropies are subject to state direction or that their assets belong to the public, they write. Similarly, the fact that philanthropies have state charters does not make them state agencies or subject them to the constraints that apply to public bodies. Finally, the philanthropies and their donors receive their federal tax benefits in return for the obligation to pursue public rather than private purposes and to comply with the laws designed to ensure the pursuit of such purposes. There is no evidence, Brody and Tyler find, that these benefits were meant to give government other types of control over philanthropies.
Author: Evelyn Brody
Publisher: The Philanthropy Roundtable
ISBN: 0985126590
Category : Reference
Languages : en
Pages : 115
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Book Description
In recent years, some public officials and advocacy groups have urged that private philanthropies be subject to more uniform standards and stricter government regulation ranging from board composition to grant distribution to philanthropies' charitable purposes. A major justification cited by advocates of these proposals is the claim that the charitable tax exemption and deduction are government subsidies, and thus philanthropic funds are "public money" and should be publicly controlled. Some advocates also claim that philanthropic assets are public money because philanthropies operate under state charters and are subject to state oversight. In the second edition of this monograph, legal scholars Evelyn Brody and John Tyler evaluate the legal basis of the "public money" claim. They conclude that it is not well founded in legal authority. State oversight of philanthropies is not based on an assertion that philanthropies are subject to state direction or that their assets belong to the public, they write. Similarly, the fact that philanthropies have state charters does not make them state agencies or subject them to the constraints that apply to public bodies. Finally, the philanthropies and their donors receive their federal tax benefits in return for the obligation to pursue public rather than private purposes and to comply with the laws designed to ensure the pursuit of such purposes. There is no evidence, Brody and Tyler find, that these benefits were meant to give government other types of control over philanthropies.
Author: John Tyler
Publisher: The Philanthropy Roundtable
ISBN: 0985126582
Category : Reference
Languages : en
Pages : 105
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Book Description
Recent calls for more transparency in private philanthropy have increased the need for philanthropic organizations to carefully plan and think about what information they will release to the public and how they will do it. To help organizations answer these questions, The Philanthropy Roundtable has published a new book by noted legal scholar John Tyler, general counsel of the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation, titled Transparency in Philanthropy: An Analysis of Accountability, Fallacy, and Volunteerism. Philanthropic organizations are obligated to provide certain types of transparency—the types that are required by the federal tax system and by state laws aimed at maintaining the donor’s intent. But current heightened calls for more transparency are based on other rationales: Transparency is a good unto itself and more should be required of all institutions; more transparency is needed to further ensure that philanthropy serves “public purposes”; more transparency will counteract the “power asymmetry” between foundations and grantees; and more transparency is necessary to evaluate philanthropic effectiveness. In this book Tyler argues that none of these rationales justifies additional legally imposed philanthropic transparency, which is what advocates demand. Even though there is not much of a legal argument for requiring more philanthropic transparency, there are good arguments for organizations being transparent on a voluntary basis. This would be not a wholesale disclosure of information but measured transparency, undertaken in light of a foundation’s mission and the potential costs that would go along with that disclosure. John Tyler’s intent in Transparency in Philanthropy is to encourage philanthropies and nonprofits to plan their transparency strategy and to do so carefully and thoughtfully. “With increased calls for more transparency from philanthropic organizations, this book is a useful and timely resource to help organizations create and navigate their plans for transparency,” said Adam Meyerson, president of The Philanthropy Roundtable. “Every philanthropic organization should read this book and think about what might be worthy of consideration moving ahead in a world dominated by a growing appetite for information.” In an accompanying companion guide, Tyler poses questions to the reader that help an organization create a checklist of issues to consider when making their transparency plans. These questions include: • What kind of organization are you? What is your mission? How large is your board and who is on it? • How can your foundation benefit from disclosing more information? Do you feel a need to cultivate a better understanding of your activities in your community? • What costs and risks will you incur in disclosing more information? How much time and money can your organization devote to disclosing information to the public? Could the information unfairly harm the reputations of your grantees? • What benefits and costs do tools like an annual report, a full website with social media and other tools pose for publicizing information?
Author: Nizan Shaked
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN: 1350045780
Category : Art
Languages : en
Pages : 289
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Book Description
A critical analysis of contemporary art collections and the value form, this book shows why the nonprofit system is unfit to administer our common collections, and offers solutions for diversity reform and redistributive restructuring. In the United States, institutions administered by the nonprofit system have an ambiguous status as they are neither entirely private nor fully public. Among nonprofits, the museum is unique as it is the only institution where trustees tend to collect the same objects they hold in “public trust” on behalf of the nation, if not humanity. The public serves as alibi for establishing the symbolic value of art, which sustains its monetary value and its markets. This structure allows for wealthy individuals at the helm to gain financial benefits from, and ideological control over, what is at its core purpose a public system. The dramatic growth of the art market and the development of financial tools based on art-collateral loans exacerbate the contradiction between the needs of museum leadership versus that of the public. Indeed, a history of private support in the US is a history of racist discrimination, and the common collections reflect this fact. A history of how private collections were turned public gives context. Since the late Renaissance, private collections legitimized the prince's right to rule, and later, with the great revolutions, display consolidated national identity. But the rise of the American museum reversed this and re-privatized the public collection. A materialist description of the museum as a model institution of the liberal nation state reveals constellations of imperialist social relations.
Author: George E. DeBoer
Publisher: IAP
ISBN: 1617352268
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 453
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Book Description
The goal of this volume of Research in Science Education is to examine the relationship between science education policy and practice and the special role that science education researchers play in influencing policy. It has been suggested that the science education research community is isolated from the political process, pays little attention to policy matters, and has little influence on policy. But to influence policy, it is important to understand how policy is made and how it is implemented. This volume sheds light on the intersection between policy and practice through both theoretical discussions and practical examples. This book was written primarily about science education policy development in the context of the highly decentralized educational system of the United States. But, because policy development is fundamentally a social activity involving knowledge, values, and personal and community interests, there are similarities in how education policy gets enacted and implemented around the world. This volume is meant to be useful to science education researchers and to practitioners such as teachers and administrators because it provides information about which aspects of the science education enterprise are affected by state, local, and national policies. It also provides helpful information for researchers and practitioners who wonder how they might influence policy. In particular, it points out how the values of people who are affected by policy initiatives are critical to the implementation of those policies.
Author: Kerry O'Halloran
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0199767718
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 636
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Book Description
This up-to-date analysis of current changes in government and charity relationships across five countries provides a cross-cultural analysis and global view of charity law. The balanced assessment of charity law reviews, legislation, and jurisdictional differences gives readers a comprehensive understanding of the tensions at work and considers overarching issues arising from charity law and social policy and helps readers understand the larger framework of charity law.
Author: Kerry O'Halloran
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3319043196
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 257
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Book Description
This book examines the interface between religion, charity law and human rights. It does so by treating the Church of England and its current circumstances as a timely case study providing an opportunity to examine the tensions that have now become such a characteristic feature of that interface. Firstly, it suggests that the Church is the primary source of canon law principles that have played a formative role in shaping civic morality throughout the common law jurisdictions: the history of their emergence and enforcement by the State in post-Reformation England is recorded and assessed. Secondly, it reveals that of such principles those of greatest weight were associated with matters of sexuality: in particular, for centuries, family law was formulated and applied with regard for the sanctity of the heterosexual marital family which provided the only legally permissible context for any form of sexual relationship. Thirdly, given that history, it identifies and assesses the particular implications that now arise for the Church as a consequence of recent charity law reform outcomes and human rights case law developments: a comparative analysis of religion related case law is provided. Finally, following an outline of the structure and organizational functions of the Church, a detailed analysis is undertaken of its success in engaging with these issues in the context of the Lambeth Conferences, the wider Anglican Communion and in the ill-fated Covenant initiative. From the perspective of the dilemmas currently challenging the moral authority of the Church of England, this book identifies and explores the contemporary ‘moral imperatives’ or red line issues that now threaten the coherence of Christian religions in most leading common law nations. Gay marriage and abortion are among the host of morally charged and deeply divisive topics demanding a reasoned response and leadership from religious bodies. Attention is given to the judicial interpretation and evaluation of these and other issues that now undermine the traditional role of the Church of England. As the interface between religion, charity law and human rights becomes steadily more fractious, with religious fundamentalism and discrimination acquiring a higher profile, there is now a pressing need for a more balanced relationship between those with and those without religious beliefs. This book will be an invaluable aid in starting the process of achieving a triangulated relationship between the principles of canon law, charity law and human rights law.
Author: Commission on Private Philanthropy and Public Needs
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Charities
Languages : en
Pages : 656
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Book Description
Author: Philip E. Kovacs
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1136853014
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 248
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Book Description
There has been much public praise for the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation’s efforts to reform public education. However, few scholars have engaged substantively and critically with the organization’s work. While the Gates Foundation is the single largest supporter by far of "choice" initiatives particularly with regard to charter school formation, it is pushing public school privatization through a wide array of initiatives and in conjunction with a number of other foundations. What are the implications for a public system as control over educational policy and priority is concentrated under one of the richest people on the planet in ways that foster de-unionization and teacher de-skilling while homogenizing school models and curriculum? The Gates Foundation and the Future of US "Public" Schools addresses this crucial, unanswered question while investigating the relationships between the Gates Foundation and other think tanks, government, and corporate institutions.
Author: Tobias Jung
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1317579704
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 673
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Book Description
Philanthropy – the use of private resources for public purposes – is undergoing a transformation, both in practice and as an emerging field of study. Expectations of what philanthropy can achieve have risen significantly in recent years, reflecting a substantial, but uneven, increase in global wealth and the rolling back of state services in anticipation that philanthropy will fill the void. In addition to this, experiments with entrepreneurial and venture philanthropy are producing novel intersections of the public, non-profit and private spheres, accompanied by new kinds of partnerships and hybrid organisational forms. The Routledge Companion to Philanthropy examines these changes and other challenges that philanthropists and philanthropic organisations face. With contributions from an international team of leading contemporary thinkers on philanthropy, this Companion provides an introduction to, and critical exploration of, philanthropy; discussing current theories, research and the diverse professional practices within the field from a variety of disciplinary perspectives. The Routledge Companion to Philanthropy is a rich and valuable resource for students, researchers, practitioners and policymakers working in or interested in philanthropy.
Author: Commission on Private Philanthropy and Public Needs
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Charities
Languages : en
Pages : 258
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Book Description
Report of the Commission on Private Philanthropy and Public Needs. The Commission on Private Philanthropy and Public Needs was established in November, 1973, as a privately initiated, privately funded citizens' panel with two broad objectives : To study the role of both philanthropic giving in the and that area through which giving is principally channeled, the voluntary, third sector of American society. To make recommendations to the voluntary sector, to Congress and to the American public at large concerning ways in which the sector and the practice of private giving can be strengthened and made more effective.
