Hormonal Effects of Soy Isoflavones in Pre- and Postmenopausal Women PDF Download
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Author: Alison Meredith Duncan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 388
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Author: Alison Meredith Duncan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 388
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Author: Sau-Chun Tang
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781361300268
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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This dissertation, "Effect of Soy Isoflavones on Breast Cancer Risk Among Pre- and Post-menopausal Women: a Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials" by Sau-chun, Tang, 鄧秀珍, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Background: Breast cancer is the most frequent female cancer in both developed and developing world which comprising 16% of all female cancer according to WHO GLOBOCAN 2008. The statistic from Hong Kong Cancer Registry reported that breast cancer is the third commonest cause of female death in Hong Kong. Breast cancer incidence varies remarkably among developed countries. The high dietary consumption of soy isoflavones has been hypothesized to explain the lower breast cancer incidence among women in Asian countries in observational studies, but whether soy isoflavones exert estrogenic or anti-estrogenic in breast tissue remains uncertain. Objective: This systematic review was to assess the effects of isoflavone-rich soy consumption on breast cancer risk in pre- and post-menopausal women Methods: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines for conducting and reporting randomized controlled trials were followed. Data sources: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials was conducted through searching databases: MEDLINE, PubMed and Cochrane Library (2002 until March 2012). Keywords for electronic searches included: [(soy OR isoflavones) AND (breast cancer OR breast neoplasms)] limited study types to human & randomized controlled studies. Study selection: RCTs of the effects of isoflavones or supplement versus placebo or control diet among pre- and post-menopausal participants who were currently free from breast cancer. Outcome measurements: serum sex hormones and IGF profile, mammographic density and menstruation cycle length Results: 15 RCTs (1527 women) compared isoflavones with placebo or control diet for study duration ranged from 2 months to 2 years. No significant effect was found on serum sex hormones, IGF profile, mammographic density or menstrual cycle length. The effect of menstrual cycle on mammographic densities was noticed. Conclusion: The results of the systematic review did not support the hypothesis that short-term isoflavones exposure has an effect on modulating breast cancer risk. The effect of menstrual cycle on mammographic densities probably reflects the effect of hormonal changes. Null results did not necessarily contradict the inverse association between soy intake and breast cancer risk from the results of epidemiologic studies. The absence of conclusive data on the effects might be attributable to the insufficient exposure duration in the RCTs. Longer duration of soy exposure and early life exposure might be a scope for future research. DOI: 10.5353/th_b4842561 Subjects: Isoflavones Breast - Cancer - Risk factors
Author: 趙庭郁
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Tracy A. Ryan-Borchers
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Isoflavones
Languages : en
Pages : 204
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Author: Jennifer Ann Nettleton
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 528
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Soyfoods
Languages : en
Pages :
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CONTEXT: Soy products, including both protein and isoflavones, have been touted for a number of clinical benefits related to a putative estrogen-like effect. However, potential risks of chronic soy consumption are also of concern. OBJECTIVES: Systematic review to describe the range of soy products and outcomes that have been studied, to summarize the effects of soy consumption to prevent a wide variety of medical conditions in healthy adults, and to summarize adverse events related to soy consumption. DATA SOURCES: We searched MEDLINE(r), EMBASE, and the Commonwealth Agricultural Bureau (CAB) databases. Additional studies were identified in bibliographies of selected reviews and by technical experts. STUDY SELECTION: English-language, prospective studies of soy products in adults, of at least 4 weeks' duration were included. We reviewed outcomes related to cardiovascular health, menopausal symptoms and reproductive health, endocrine function, tumor-related biomarkers, bone health, neurocognitive health, kidney function, and glucose metabolism. Eligibility criteria were adjusted for several outcomes. DATA EXTRACTION: Selected studies were extracted for study design, demographics, amount of soy product, soy protein, and isoflavones, control, outcomes. Based on these data, studies were graded for quality and applicability. DATA SYNTHESIS: We screened almost 4,800 abstracts and retrieved 599 full text articles, of which 178 were eligible for review. Soy supplements (including soy milk) were used in about three quarters of all the trials analyzed in this report, with soy foods used in the remainder of the trials. Most used soy protein with isoflavones, one-third used isoflavones alone, and a few used soy protein without isoflavones. Textured soy protein and soy flour were the most common soy foods investigated. Among studies with soy protein, the range of soy protein consumed daily was 14 to 154 g, with a median of 36 g per day (equivalent to over a pound of tofu daily). Among studies with soy isoflavones, the range of isoflavones consumed daily was 10 to 185 mg, with a median of 80 mg per day. These ranges were the same for all lipid profile studies. There is a large degree of heterogeneity among the studies in terms of soy products evaluated, soy protein and isoflavone doses, study durations, background diet, controls used, and study design. No study evaluated clinical cardiovascular events. Meta-analysis indicates that consumption of soy products appears to exert a small benefit on low density lipoprotein (LDL) - the summary net change was -5 (95% confidence interval [CI] -8 to -3) mg/dL - and on triglycerides - net change -8 (95% CI -11, -5) mg/dL. No significant effect was seen on high density lipoprotein (HDL) - net change +0.6 (95% CI -0.5, +1.8). Across studies, there is the possible suggestion that higher doses of soy protein are associated with greater LDL reduction among those with elevated baseline LDL, but not with HDL or triglycerides. Dose of isoflavones was not associated with effect for any lipid. Higher baseline LDL or triglycerides may also be associated with net effect for these 2 lipids; the effect of baseline HDL is unclear. In individual studies, the effect of dose and baseline was generally inconsistent. Meta-analysis of blood pressure (BP) found no effect of soy consumption. The net effect on systolic BP was -1 (95% CI -3, +1) mm Hg, and on diastolic BP -1, ( -2, +0) mm Hg. No association was found between baseline BP, soy protein or isoflavone dose and effect on BP. No significant effect of soy products was found for several markers of inflammation, vascular function, or lipid oxidation. Although the effect of soy products on menopausal symptoms are inconsistent across studies, the evidence of a benefit was stronger from the randomized trials of soy isoflavone supplements, but not of other soy products among post-menopausal women. This effect was not seen in the few studies among peri-menopausal women or those treated for breast cancer. Soy products do not appear to affect menstrual cycle length or estradiol level in pre-menopausal women, thyroid stimulating hormone, bone markers, or glucose metabolism. Small numbers of studies or inconsistency among studies precluded drawing conclusions regarding the effect of soy protein on other endocrine markers and other evaluated outcomes. For all outcomes, no soy protein or isoflavone dose-effect response or soy product type difference in effect was apparent across studies. The few studies that directly compared soy doses (generally isoflavone doses) for the most part also found no difference in effect based on dose. In general, soy products were well-tolerated, although study withdrawal due to aversion was more common in soy treatment arms than control arms. The most common adverse events reported were gastrointestinal or menstrual complaints although they were few in number. CONCLUSIONS: A wide variety of soy products and formulations have been investigated for a large number of conditions. However, a large proportion of the studies suffer from poor reporting or study design, limiting conclusions. Soy products appear to exert a small benefit on LDL and triglycerides; these effects may be of small clinical effect in individuals, although possibly large enough to have a population-wide effect. The inconsistent association between soy protein dose and effect, and the lack of association between soy isoflavone dose and effect, limit possible determination of an appropriate amount of soy product needed for lipid reduction. Soy products may reduce menopausal symptoms in post-menopausal women. The current literature does not support other effects of soy products. However, other than menopausal- and menstrual-related symptoms, no clinical outcomes were evaluated. The evidence from human studies does not suggest any worrisome adverse events beyond mild gastrointestinal intolerance. Conclusions were often limited due to small numbers of studies or heterogeneity across studies. Given the large amount of heterogeneity and inadequate reporting, particularly related to soy protein and isoflavone dose, many questions remain as to whether specific soy products in adequate doses may be of benefit in specific populations. Further, well-conducted studies are needed to clarify the effect of soy dose on lipid parameters and to determine whether soy components other than protein or isoflavones may be responsible for the lipid effects seen.
Author: G. Sarwar Gilani
Publisher: The American Oil Chemists Society
ISBN: 9781893997325
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 682
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Author: Juan Francisco Rodríguez-Landa
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 9535134051
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 138
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Menopause is a natural state of development in women, but it is also a period of vulnerability to the development of several disorders, such as vasomotor symptoms, hot flashes, vaginal dryness, osteoporosis, cognitive deterioration, depression, and anxiety. Factors as diverse as culture, diet, exercise, maternity, age, and genetics can influence the severity of symptoms that are experienced during menopause and can modify the response to diverse therapies. Studying menopause from a multidisciplinary perspective will help elucidate the different factors that affect health during this specific stage of a woman's life. This book presents several aspects of menopause, including its evolutionary origins, novel nonhormonal therapies, and the neurobiology of related disorders.
Author: Margaret Kay Day
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 120
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Author: Ling Wang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 134
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