Author: Loren Victoria Goodrich
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Author: Marulak Simarmata
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Corn
Languages : en
Pages : 122

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Author: David L. Wright
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 304

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Author: Hunter Bowman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 158

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Grain sorghum is typically grown as a rotational crop in Arkansas because of its many benefits, one being the effective control of Palmer amaranth through the use of atrazine. However, limited options exist for postemergence (POST) control of weedy grasses within the crop. Inzen™ grain sorghum is the result of a nicosulfuron resistant weedy sorghum biotype cross-bred with a commercial line of grain sorghum. Inzen™ allows for safe use of over-the-top applications of nicosulfuron within the crop. Nicosulfuron is an acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicide, which has historically been used in corn for control of weedy grasses. Experiments were conducted in 2016 and 2017 to (1) evaluate the tolerance of Inzen™ grain sorghum to various herbicides in Weed Science Society of America Group 2 ALS-inhibiting herbicides, (2) evaluate weed control programs utilizing nicosulfuron, and (3) determine the sensitivity of conventional grain sorghum to low rates of nicosulfuron and glufosinate. Results indicate Inzen™ grain sorghum was tolerant to ALS-inhibiting herbicides evaluated when applied directly to the soil prior to crop emergence (PRE). When ALS-inhibiting herbicides were applied to Inzen™ grain sorghum at the V4 growth stage, a high level of resistance was observed to all herbicides, with the exception of bispyribac-Na, which resulted in 20% visible injury and a 35% yield reduction. Additionally, weed control programs utilizing S-metolachlor preemergence and nicosulfuron + atrazine applied POST resulted in a yield increase along with acceptable control of both Palmer amaranth and johnsongrass. Finally, conventional grain sorghum appeared to be most sensitive to low rates of nicosulfuron and glufosinate at V8, flagleaf, or heading growth stages. Yield reductions of up to 96% were observed from rates of nicosulfuron equivalent to 1/10X of a labeled use rate. Nomenclature: Inzen; atrazine; byspyribac; glufosinate; nicosulfuron; S-metolachlor; johnsongrass, Sorghum halepense L. Pers.; Palmer amaranth, Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.; corn, Zea mays L.; grain sorghum, Sorghum bicolor L. Moench ssp. bicolor.

Author: Thierry Eric Besancon
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 234

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Author: Michael Scott Leetch
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Double cropping
Languages : en
Pages : 116

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Author: Dilooshi Kumari Weerasooriya
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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The lack of effective post-emergence weed control options is often highlighted as one of the major factors behind dwindling acreage under sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) in the United States. The discovery of herbicide resistance sources in wild sorghum population and subsequent efforts to incorporate them into cultivated sorghum was received with much optimism to change weed management practices in sorghum. As the development of the technology advances, especially of the Acetolactate synthase (ALS) resistance, concerns over the temporary interveinal chlorosis and reduced seedling vigor in some of the resistant families became heightened. This thesis research is designed to shed light on the genetic basis of seedling chlorosis and assess its impacts on yield potential. The study has three parts; the first part is focused on identifying the genetic causes and plant mechanisms associated with the chlorotic phenotype. ALS herbicide resistant sister-lines expressing normal and chlorotic phenotypes were analyzed via RNA sequencing at four time points during seedling growth. The study identified several variants of genes coding chloroplast precursors and those that cause epigenetic modifications. Once confirmed, genetic markers can be developed to track these gene variants in the breeding population and eliminate segregates genetically prone to chlorosis/yellowing. The second part of the study focuses on assessing the effect of ALS resistance associated chlorosis on agronomic and nutritional parameters of sorghum inbred lines. A set of ALS resistant lines expressing different levels of the chlorotic phenotype were evaluated in replicated field trials and laboratory methods. Results showed that interveinal chlorosis delays flowering but does not have negative effect on yield and nutritional parameters with and without herbicide treatment. The last part addresses whether there is any yield drag that may be associated with herbicide resistance traits and foliar interveinal chlorosis. For this, we synthesized a large set (182) of hybrids from ALS resistant, ACCase resistant and regular (susceptible) seed and pollinator parents. The hybrids were then evaluated in three sets at multiple locations during the 2014 and 2015 crop seasons along with commercial checks. The results revealed that resistance to both herbicides do not cause any drag to grain yield. The traits also do not have any negative impact on grain and nutritional quality of resistant hybrids.

Author: Peter Böger
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9783642639722
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Chemical pest control is in use in practically every country in the world since agrochemicals play a decisive role in ensuring food supply and protection against damage by pests, insects and pathogenic fungi. Particularly in the half century since World War II, food production has risen dramatically in most parts of the world. In the last 20 years, the yield of major crops has roughly doubled in Western agriculture and there is still the potential for further achievements, particularly in the developing countries. The world's cereal and rice production, now more than 2 billion tons/year, has to increase by 2. 4% annually to cope with the rising food demand caused mainly by the growing population and improvement of living standards in most of the developing countries. Such a demand for food has to be achieved by higher yields from the restricted arable land already in use. Global farm land resources are about 1. 4 billion ha, of which 1. 2 billion ha is cultivated with major crops. Experts agree that a future substantial addition of new produc tive areas is unlikely. Those with a high yield potential are already in use; new fields with a lower output may possibly be obtained by cultivation of arid or cold areas. More recently, new areas of large-scale farmland have been devel oped in tropical regions of Latin America, primarily in Argentina and Brazil, at the cost of the destruction of tropical rain forest.

Author: Mirza Hasanuzzaman
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3030061183
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 490

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Book Description
Plants have to manage a series of environmental stresses throughout their entire lifespan. Among these, abiotic stress is the most detrimental; one that is responsible for nearly 50% of crop yield reduction and appears to be a potential threat to global food security in coming decades. Plant growth and development reduces drastically due to adverse effects of abiotic stresses. It has been estimated that crop can exhibit only 30% of their genetic potentiality under abiotic stress condition. So, this is a fundamental need to understand the stress responses to facilitate breeders to develop stress resistant and stress tolerant cultivars along with good management practices to withstand abiotic stresses. Also, a holistic approach to understanding the molecular and biochemical interactions of plants is important to implement the knowledge of resistance mechanisms under abiotic stresses. Agronomic practices like selecting cultivars that is tolerant to wide range of climatic condition, planting date, irrigation scheduling, fertilizer management could be some of the effective short-term adaptive tools to fight against abiotic stresses. In addition, “system biology” and “omics approaches” in recent studies offer a long-term opportunity at the molecular level in dealing with abiotic stresses. The genetic approach, for example, selection and identification of major conditioning genes by linkage mapping and quantitative trait loci (QTL), production of mutant genes and transgenic introduction of novel genes, has imparted some tolerant characteristics in crop varieties from their wild ancestors. Recently research has revealed the interactions between micro-RNAs (miRNAs) and plant stress responses exposed to salinity, freezing stress and dehydration. Accordingly transgenic approaches to generate stress-tolerant plant are one of the most interesting researches to date. This book presents the recent development of agronomic and molecular approaches in conferring plant abiotic stress tolerance in an organized way. The present volume will be of great interest among research students and teaching community, and can also be used as reference material by professional researchers.

Author: Ashwani K. Rai
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1402043899
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 256

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A state-of-the-art guide to recent developments in the understanding of plant response to abiotic stresses. Each chapter reflects how new techniques have helped physiologists, biochemists and molecular biologists to understand the basic problems of abiotic stress in plant species. The book supplies extensive bibliographies at the end of each chapter, as well as tables and figures that illustrate the research findings.