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Author: Matthew Foreman
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1402057644
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 2200
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Book Description
Numbers imitate space, which is of such a di?erent nature —Blaise Pascal It is fair to date the study of the foundation of mathematics back to the ancient Greeks. The urge to understand and systematize the mathematics of the time led Euclid to postulate axioms in an early attempt to put geometry on a ?rm footing. With roots in the Elements, the distinctive methodology of mathematics has become proof. Inevitably two questions arise: What are proofs? and What assumptions are proofs based on? The ?rst question, traditionally an internal question of the ?eld of logic, was also wrestled with in antiquity. Aristotle gave his famous syllogistic s- tems, and the Stoics had a nascent propositional logic. This study continued with ?ts and starts, through Boethius, the Arabs and the medieval logicians in Paris and London. The early germs of logic emerged in the context of philosophy and theology. The development of analytic geometry, as exempli?ed by Descartes, ill- tratedoneofthedi?cultiesinherentinfoundingmathematics. Itisclassically phrased as the question ofhow one reconciles the arithmetic with the geom- ric. Arenumbers onetypeofthingand geometricobjectsanother? Whatare the relationships between these two types of objects? How can they interact? Discovery of new types of mathematical objects, such as imaginary numbers and, much later, formal objects such as free groups and formal power series make the problem of ?nding a common playing ?eld for all of mathematics importunate. Several pressures made foundational issues urgent in the 19th century.
Author: Matthew Foreman
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1402057644
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 2200
Get Book Here
Book Description
Numbers imitate space, which is of such a di?erent nature —Blaise Pascal It is fair to date the study of the foundation of mathematics back to the ancient Greeks. The urge to understand and systematize the mathematics of the time led Euclid to postulate axioms in an early attempt to put geometry on a ?rm footing. With roots in the Elements, the distinctive methodology of mathematics has become proof. Inevitably two questions arise: What are proofs? and What assumptions are proofs based on? The ?rst question, traditionally an internal question of the ?eld of logic, was also wrestled with in antiquity. Aristotle gave his famous syllogistic s- tems, and the Stoics had a nascent propositional logic. This study continued with ?ts and starts, through Boethius, the Arabs and the medieval logicians in Paris and London. The early germs of logic emerged in the context of philosophy and theology. The development of analytic geometry, as exempli?ed by Descartes, ill- tratedoneofthedi?cultiesinherentinfoundingmathematics. Itisclassically phrased as the question ofhow one reconciles the arithmetic with the geom- ric. Arenumbers onetypeofthingand geometricobjectsanother? Whatare the relationships between these two types of objects? How can they interact? Discovery of new types of mathematical objects, such as imaginary numbers and, much later, formal objects such as free groups and formal power series make the problem of ?nding a common playing ?eld for all of mathematics importunate. Several pressures made foundational issues urgent in the 19th century.
Author: K. Kunen
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 148329515X
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 1282
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Book Description
This Handbook is an introduction to set-theoretic topology for students in the field and for researchers in other areas for whom results in set-theoretic topology may be relevant. The aim of the editors has been to make it as self-contained as possible without repeating material which can easily be found in standard texts. The Handbook contains detailed proofs of core results, and references to the literature for peripheral results where space was insufficient. Included are many open problems of current interest.In general, the articles may be read in any order. In a few cases they occur in pairs, with the first one giving an elementary treatment of a subject and the second one more advanced results. These pairs are: Hodel and Juhász on cardinal functions; Roitman and Abraham-Todorčević on S- and L-spaces; Weiss and Baumgartner on versions of Martin's axiom; and Vaughan and Stephenson on compactness properties.
Author: S.R. Buss
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080533183
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 823
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Book Description
This volume contains articles covering a broad spectrum of proof theory, with an emphasis on its mathematical aspects. The articles should not only be interesting to specialists of proof theory, but should also be accessible to a diverse audience, including logicians, mathematicians, computer scientists and philosophers. Many of the central topics of proof theory have been included in a self-contained expository of articles, covered in great detail and depth.The chapters are arranged so that the two introductory articles come first; these are then followed by articles from core classical areas of proof theory; the handbook concludes with articles that deal with topics closely related to computer science.
Author: E. Pap
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080533094
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 1633
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Book Description
The main goal of this Handbook isto survey measure theory with its many different branches and itsrelations with other areas of mathematics. Mostly aggregating many classical branches of measure theory the aim of the Handbook is also to cover new fields, approaches and applications whichsupport the idea of "measure" in a wider sense, e.g. the ninth part of the Handbook. Although chapters are written of surveys in the variousareas they contain many special topics and challengingproblems valuable for experts and rich sources of inspiration.Mathematicians from other areas as well as physicists, computerscientists, engineers and econometrists will find useful results andpowerful methods for their research. The reader may find in theHandbook many close relations to other mathematical areas: realanalysis, probability theory, statistics, ergodic theory,functional analysis, potential theory, topology, set theory,geometry, differential equations, optimization, variationalanalysis, decision making and others. The Handbook is a richsource of relevant references to articles, books and lecturenotes and it contains for the reader's convenience an extensivesubject and author index.
Author: Eric Schechter
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0080532993
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 907
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Book Description
Handbook of Analysis and Its Foundations is a self-contained and unified handbook on mathematical analysis and its foundations. Intended as a self-study guide for advanced undergraduates and beginning graduatestudents in mathematics and a reference for more advanced mathematicians, this highly readable book provides broader coverage than competing texts in the area. Handbook of Analysis and Its Foundations provides an introduction to a wide range of topics, including: algebra; topology; normed spaces; integration theory; topological vector spaces; and differential equations. The author effectively demonstrates the relationships between these topics and includes a few chapters on set theory and logic to explain the lack of examples for classical pathological objects whose existence proofs are not constructive. More complete than any other book on the subject, students will find this to be an invaluable handbook. Covers some hard-to-find results including: Bessagas and Meyers converses of the Contraction Fixed Point Theorem Redefinition of subnets by Aarnes and Andenaes Ghermans characterization of topological convergences Neumanns nonlinear Closed Graph Theorem van Maarens geometry-free version of Sperners Lemma Includes a few advanced topics in functional analysis Features all areas of the foundations of analysis except geometry Combines material usually found in many different sources, making this unified treatment more convenient for the user Has its own webpage: http://math.vanderbilt.edu/
Author: Jose Ferreiros
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9783764357498
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 472
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Book Description
"José Ferreirós has written a magisterial account of the history of set theory which is panoramic, balanced, and engaging. Not only does this book synthesize much previous work and provide fresh insights and points of view, but it also features a major innovation, a full-fledged treatment of the emergence of the set-theoretic approach in mathematics from the early nineteenth century. This takes up Part One of the book. Part Two analyzes the crucial developments in the last quarter of the nineteenth century, above all the work of Cantor, but also Dedekind and the interaction between the two. Lastly, Part Three details the development of set theory up to 1950, taking account of foundational questions and the emergence of the modern axiomatization." (Bulletin of Symbolic Logic)
Author: Charles C Pinter
Publisher: Courier Corporation
ISBN: 0486497089
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 259
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Book Description
"This accessible approach to set theory for upper-level undergraduates poses rigorous but simple arguments. Each definition is accompanied by commentary that motivates and explains new concepts. A historical introduction is followed by discussions of classes and sets, functions, natural and cardinal numbers, the arithmetic of ordinal numbers, and related topics. 1971 edition with new material by the author"--
Author: József Sándor
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1402042159
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 638
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Book Description
This handbook covers a wealth of topics from number theory, special attention being given to estimates and inequalities. As a rule, the most important results are presented, together with their refinements, extensions or generalisations. These may be applied to other aspects of number theory, or to a wide range of mathematical disciplines. Cross-references provide new insight into fundamental research. Audience: This is an indispensable reference work for specialists in number theory and other mathematicians who need access to some of these results in their own fields of research.
Author: Michael Hallett
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 9780198532835
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 372
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Book Description
This volume presents the philosophical and heuristic framework Cantor developed and explores its lasting effect on modern mathematics. "Establishes a new plateau for historical comprehension of Cantor's monumental contribution to mathematics." --The American Mathematical Monthly
Author: E.R. Griffor
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080533043
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 741
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Book Description
The chapters of this volume all have their own level of presentation. The topics have been chosen based on the active research interest associated with them. Since the interest in some topics is older than that in others, some presentations contain fundamental definitions and basic results while others relate very little of the elementary theory behind them and aim directly toward an exposition of advanced results. Presentations of the latter sort are in some cases restricted to a short survey of recent results (due to the complexity of the methods and proofs themselves). Hence the variation in level of presentation from chapter to chapter only reflects the conceptual situation itself. One example of this is the collective efforts to develop an acceptable theory of computation on the real numbers. The last two decades has seen at least two new definitions of effective operations on the real numbers.
