Author: Sabu Thomas
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0128179716
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 506
Book Description
The Handbook of Chitin and Chitosan: Preparation and Properties, Volume One, is a must-read for polymer chemists, physicists and engineers interested in the development of ecofriendly micro and nanostructured functional materials based on chitin and their various applications. The book addresses the entirety of working with these materials, from their isolation, preparation and properties, through composites, nanomaterials, manufacturing and characterizations. This is the first of three volumes in a series that contains the latest on the major applications of chitin and chitosan based IPN's, blends, gels, composites and nanocomposites, including environmental remediation, biomedical applications and smart material applications. - Provides a comprehensive overview of Chitin and Chitosan materials, from their synthesis and nanomaterials, to their manufacture and applications - Volume One focuses on the synthesis and properties of Chitosan and/or Chitin - Includes contributions from leading researchers across the globe and from industry, academia, government and private research institutions - Highlights current status and future opportunities
Handbook of Chitin and Chitosan
Author: Sabu Thomas
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0128179716
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 506
Book Description
The Handbook of Chitin and Chitosan: Preparation and Properties, Volume One, is a must-read for polymer chemists, physicists and engineers interested in the development of ecofriendly micro and nanostructured functional materials based on chitin and their various applications. The book addresses the entirety of working with these materials, from their isolation, preparation and properties, through composites, nanomaterials, manufacturing and characterizations. This is the first of three volumes in a series that contains the latest on the major applications of chitin and chitosan based IPN's, blends, gels, composites and nanocomposites, including environmental remediation, biomedical applications and smart material applications. - Provides a comprehensive overview of Chitin and Chitosan materials, from their synthesis and nanomaterials, to their manufacture and applications - Volume One focuses on the synthesis and properties of Chitosan and/or Chitin - Includes contributions from leading researchers across the globe and from industry, academia, government and private research institutions - Highlights current status and future opportunities
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0128179716
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 506
Book Description
The Handbook of Chitin and Chitosan: Preparation and Properties, Volume One, is a must-read for polymer chemists, physicists and engineers interested in the development of ecofriendly micro and nanostructured functional materials based on chitin and their various applications. The book addresses the entirety of working with these materials, from their isolation, preparation and properties, through composites, nanomaterials, manufacturing and characterizations. This is the first of three volumes in a series that contains the latest on the major applications of chitin and chitosan based IPN's, blends, gels, composites and nanocomposites, including environmental remediation, biomedical applications and smart material applications. - Provides a comprehensive overview of Chitin and Chitosan materials, from their synthesis and nanomaterials, to their manufacture and applications - Volume One focuses on the synthesis and properties of Chitosan and/or Chitin - Includes contributions from leading researchers across the globe and from industry, academia, government and private research institutions - Highlights current status and future opportunities
Handbook of Chitin and Chitosan
Author: Sabu Thomas
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0128179678
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 859
Book Description
The Handbook of Chitin and Chitosan: Chitin and Chitosan Based Polymer Materials for Various Applications, Volume Three, is a must-read for polymer chemists, physicists and engineers interested in the development of ecofriendly micro and nanostructured functional materials based on chitin and their various applications. The book addresses their isolation, preparation and properties and their composites, nanomaterials, manufacturing and characterizations. This is the third of three volumes in a series that contains the latest on the major applications of chitin and chitosan based IPN's, blends, gels, composites and nanocomposites, including environmental remediation, biomedical applications and smart material applications. - Provides a comprehensive overview of Chitin and Chitosan materials, from their synthesis and nanomaterials, to their manufacture and applications - Volume Three focuses on the applications of Chitin and Chitosan - Includes contributions from leading researchers across the globe and from industry, academia, government and private research institutions - Highlights current status and future opportunities
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0128179678
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 859
Book Description
The Handbook of Chitin and Chitosan: Chitin and Chitosan Based Polymer Materials for Various Applications, Volume Three, is a must-read for polymer chemists, physicists and engineers interested in the development of ecofriendly micro and nanostructured functional materials based on chitin and their various applications. The book addresses their isolation, preparation and properties and their composites, nanomaterials, manufacturing and characterizations. This is the third of three volumes in a series that contains the latest on the major applications of chitin and chitosan based IPN's, blends, gels, composites and nanocomposites, including environmental remediation, biomedical applications and smart material applications. - Provides a comprehensive overview of Chitin and Chitosan materials, from their synthesis and nanomaterials, to their manufacture and applications - Volume Three focuses on the applications of Chitin and Chitosan - Includes contributions from leading researchers across the globe and from industry, academia, government and private research institutions - Highlights current status and future opportunities
Handbook of Chitin and Chitosan
Author: Sabu Thomas
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0128179694
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 324
Book Description
The Handbook of Chitin and Chitosan: Composites and Nanocomposites from Chitin and Chitosan, Manufacturing and Characterisations, Volume Two, is a must-read for polymer chemists, physicists and engineers interested in the development of ecofriendly micro and nanostructured functional materials based on chitin and their various applications. The book addresses their isolation, preparation and properties, through composites, nanomaterials, manufacturing and characterizations. This is the second of three volumes in a series that contains the latest on the major applications of chitin and chitosan based IPN's, blends, gels, composites and nanocomposites, including environmental remediation, biomedical applications and smart material applications. - Provides a comprehensive overview of Chitin and Chitosan materials, from their synthesis and nanomaterials, to their manufacture and applications - Volume Two focuses on Chitin and Chitosan composites - Includes contributions from leading researchers across the globe and from industry, academia, government and private research institutions - Highlights current status and future opportunities
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0128179694
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 324
Book Description
The Handbook of Chitin and Chitosan: Composites and Nanocomposites from Chitin and Chitosan, Manufacturing and Characterisations, Volume Two, is a must-read for polymer chemists, physicists and engineers interested in the development of ecofriendly micro and nanostructured functional materials based on chitin and their various applications. The book addresses their isolation, preparation and properties, through composites, nanomaterials, manufacturing and characterizations. This is the second of three volumes in a series that contains the latest on the major applications of chitin and chitosan based IPN's, blends, gels, composites and nanocomposites, including environmental remediation, biomedical applications and smart material applications. - Provides a comprehensive overview of Chitin and Chitosan materials, from their synthesis and nanomaterials, to their manufacture and applications - Volume Two focuses on Chitin and Chitosan composites - Includes contributions from leading researchers across the globe and from industry, academia, government and private research institutions - Highlights current status and future opportunities
Handbook of Hydrocolloids
Author: Glyn O. Phillips
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 1845695879
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 949
Book Description
Hydrocolloids are among the most widely used ingredients in the food industry. They function as thickening and gelling agents, texturizers, stabilisers and emulsifiers and in addition have application in areas such as edible coatings and flavour release. Products reformulated for fat reduction are particularly dependent on hydrocolloids for satisfactory sensory quality. They now also find increasing applications in the health area as dietary fibre of low calorific value. The first edition of Handbook of Hydrocolloids provided professionals in the food industry with relevant practical information about the range of hydrocolloid ingredients readily and at the same time authoritatively. It was exceptionally well received and has subsequently been used as the substantive reference on these food ingredients. Extensively revised and expanded and containing eight new chapters, this major new edition strengthens that reputation. Edited by two leading international authorities in the field, the second edition reviews over twenty-five hydrocolloids, covering structure and properties, processing, functionality, applications and regulatory status. Since there is now greater emphasis on the protein hydrocolloids, new chapters on vegetable proteins and egg protein have been added. Coverage of microbial polysaccharides has also been increased and the developing role of the exudate gums recognised, with a new chapter on Gum Ghatti. Protein-polysaccharide complexes are finding increased application in food products and a new chapter on this topic as been added. Two additional chapters reviewing the role of hydrocolloids in emulsification and their role as dietary fibre and subsequent health benefits are also included. The second edition of Handbook of hydrocolloids is an essential reference for post-graduate students, research scientists and food manufacturers. - Extensively revised and expanded second edition edited by two leading international authorities - Provides an introduction to food hydrocolliods considering regulatory aspects and thickening characteristics - Comprehensively examines the manufacture, structure, function and applications of over twenty five hydrocolloids
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 1845695879
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 949
Book Description
Hydrocolloids are among the most widely used ingredients in the food industry. They function as thickening and gelling agents, texturizers, stabilisers and emulsifiers and in addition have application in areas such as edible coatings and flavour release. Products reformulated for fat reduction are particularly dependent on hydrocolloids for satisfactory sensory quality. They now also find increasing applications in the health area as dietary fibre of low calorific value. The first edition of Handbook of Hydrocolloids provided professionals in the food industry with relevant practical information about the range of hydrocolloid ingredients readily and at the same time authoritatively. It was exceptionally well received and has subsequently been used as the substantive reference on these food ingredients. Extensively revised and expanded and containing eight new chapters, this major new edition strengthens that reputation. Edited by two leading international authorities in the field, the second edition reviews over twenty-five hydrocolloids, covering structure and properties, processing, functionality, applications and regulatory status. Since there is now greater emphasis on the protein hydrocolloids, new chapters on vegetable proteins and egg protein have been added. Coverage of microbial polysaccharides has also been increased and the developing role of the exudate gums recognised, with a new chapter on Gum Ghatti. Protein-polysaccharide complexes are finding increased application in food products and a new chapter on this topic as been added. Two additional chapters reviewing the role of hydrocolloids in emulsification and their role as dietary fibre and subsequent health benefits are also included. The second edition of Handbook of hydrocolloids is an essential reference for post-graduate students, research scientists and food manufacturers. - Extensively revised and expanded second edition edited by two leading international authorities - Provides an introduction to food hydrocolliods considering regulatory aspects and thickening characteristics - Comprehensively examines the manufacture, structure, function and applications of over twenty five hydrocolloids
Chitin and Chitosan
Author: Lambertus A. M. van den Broek
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119450438
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 534
Book Description
Offers a comprehensive guide to the isolation, properties and applications of chitin and chitosan Chitin and Chitosan: Properties and Applications presents a comprehensive review of the isolation, properties and applications of chitin and chitosan. These promising biomaterials have the potential to be broadly applied and there is a growing market for these biopolymers in areas such as medical and pharmaceutical, packaging, agricultural, textile, cosmetics, nanoparticles and more. The authors – noted experts in the field – explore the isolation, characterization and the physical and chemical properties of chitin and chitosan. They also examine their properties such as hydrogels, immunomodulation and biotechnology, antimicrobial activity and chemical enzymatic modifications. The book offers an analysis of the myriad medical and pharmaceutical applications as well as a review of applications in other areas. In addition, the authors discuss regulations, markets and perspectives for the use of chitin and chitosan. This important book: Offers a thorough review of the isolation, properties and applications of chitin and chitosan. Contains information on the wide-ranging applications and growing market demand for chitin and chitosan Includes a discussion of current regulations and the outlook for the future Written for Researchers in academia and industry who are working in the fields of chitin and chitosan, Chitin and Chitosan: Properties and Applications offers a review of these promising biomaterials that have great potential due to their material properties and biological functionalities.
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119450438
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 534
Book Description
Offers a comprehensive guide to the isolation, properties and applications of chitin and chitosan Chitin and Chitosan: Properties and Applications presents a comprehensive review of the isolation, properties and applications of chitin and chitosan. These promising biomaterials have the potential to be broadly applied and there is a growing market for these biopolymers in areas such as medical and pharmaceutical, packaging, agricultural, textile, cosmetics, nanoparticles and more. The authors – noted experts in the field – explore the isolation, characterization and the physical and chemical properties of chitin and chitosan. They also examine their properties such as hydrogels, immunomodulation and biotechnology, antimicrobial activity and chemical enzymatic modifications. The book offers an analysis of the myriad medical and pharmaceutical applications as well as a review of applications in other areas. In addition, the authors discuss regulations, markets and perspectives for the use of chitin and chitosan. This important book: Offers a thorough review of the isolation, properties and applications of chitin and chitosan. Contains information on the wide-ranging applications and growing market demand for chitin and chitosan Includes a discussion of current regulations and the outlook for the future Written for Researchers in academia and industry who are working in the fields of chitin and chitosan, Chitin and Chitosan: Properties and Applications offers a review of these promising biomaterials that have great potential due to their material properties and biological functionalities.
Handbook of Fibrous Materials, 2 Volumes
Author: Jinlian Hu
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3527342206
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 1040
Book Description
Edited by a leading expert in the field with contributions from experienced researchers in fibers and textiles, this handbook reviews the current state of fibrous materials and provides a broad overview of their use in research and development. Volume One focuses on the classes of fibers, their production and characterization, while the second volume concentrates on their applications, including emerging ones in the areas of energy, environmental science and healthcare. Unparalleled knowledge of high relevance to academia and industry.
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3527342206
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 1040
Book Description
Edited by a leading expert in the field with contributions from experienced researchers in fibers and textiles, this handbook reviews the current state of fibrous materials and provides a broad overview of their use in research and development. Volume One focuses on the classes of fibers, their production and characterization, while the second volume concentrates on their applications, including emerging ones in the areas of energy, environmental science and healthcare. Unparalleled knowledge of high relevance to academia and industry.
Handbook of Bioplastics and Biocomposites Engineering Applications
Author: Srikanth Pilla
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118177045
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 622
Book Description
This Handbook is the first to explore the extensive applications made with bioplastics & biocomposites for the packaging, automotive, biomedical, and construction industries. Bioplastics and biocomposites are becoming increasingly prominent because synthetic plastics and glass fiber composites are neither sustainable nor environmentally friendly. The Handbook of Bioplastics and Biocomposites Engineering Applications brings together scientists from academia and industry to report on current research and applications in the bioplastics and biocomposites arena. This new science is interdisciplinary and integrates pure and applied sciences such as chemistry, engineering and materials science. The Handbook focuses on five main categories of applications: Packaging; Civil Engineering; Biomedical; Automotive; General Engineering. The majority of the chapters review the properties, processing, characterization, synthesis and applications of the bio-based and biodegradable polymers and composites including: Polymers such as polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), guar gum based plastics, cellulose polyesters, starch based bioplastics, vegetable oil derived bioplastics, biopolyethylene, chitosan, etc. Thermoplastic and thermosetting bioplastics and biocomposites with a focus on the automobile industry. The ways how to improve the properties of bioplastics, polymer blends, and biocomposites by combining them with both synthetic and natural fillers and reinforcements such as nanoclays, nanotubes (CNTs), and natural fibers (both wood and plant fibers). Studies that expand the boundaries of bioplastics that will allow for the new materials to be applied to most generic engineering applications. The Handbook will be of central interest to engineers, scientists and researchers who are working in the fields of bioplastics, biocomposites, biomaterials for biomedical engineering, biochemistry, and materials science. The book will also be of great importance to engineers in many industries including automotive, biomedical, construction, and food packaging.
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118177045
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 622
Book Description
This Handbook is the first to explore the extensive applications made with bioplastics & biocomposites for the packaging, automotive, biomedical, and construction industries. Bioplastics and biocomposites are becoming increasingly prominent because synthetic plastics and glass fiber composites are neither sustainable nor environmentally friendly. The Handbook of Bioplastics and Biocomposites Engineering Applications brings together scientists from academia and industry to report on current research and applications in the bioplastics and biocomposites arena. This new science is interdisciplinary and integrates pure and applied sciences such as chemistry, engineering and materials science. The Handbook focuses on five main categories of applications: Packaging; Civil Engineering; Biomedical; Automotive; General Engineering. The majority of the chapters review the properties, processing, characterization, synthesis and applications of the bio-based and biodegradable polymers and composites including: Polymers such as polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), guar gum based plastics, cellulose polyesters, starch based bioplastics, vegetable oil derived bioplastics, biopolyethylene, chitosan, etc. Thermoplastic and thermosetting bioplastics and biocomposites with a focus on the automobile industry. The ways how to improve the properties of bioplastics, polymer blends, and biocomposites by combining them with both synthetic and natural fillers and reinforcements such as nanoclays, nanotubes (CNTs), and natural fibers (both wood and plant fibers). Studies that expand the boundaries of bioplastics that will allow for the new materials to be applied to most generic engineering applications. The Handbook will be of central interest to engineers, scientists and researchers who are working in the fields of bioplastics, biocomposites, biomaterials for biomedical engineering, biochemistry, and materials science. The book will also be of great importance to engineers in many industries including automotive, biomedical, construction, and food packaging.
Handbook of Biopolymers and Biodegradable Plastics
Author: Sina Ebnesajjad
Publisher: William Andrew
ISBN: 1455730033
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 473
Book Description
Biopolymers and Biodegradable Plastics are a hot issue across the Plastics industry, and for many of the industry sectors that use plastic, from packaging to medical devices and from the construction indusry to the automotive sector. This book brings together a number of key biopolymer and biodegradable plastics topics in one place for a broad audience of engineers and scientists, especially those designing with biopolymers and biodegradable plastics, or evaluating the options for switching from traditional plastics to biopolymers. Topics covered include preparation, fabrication, applications and recycling (including biodegradability and compostability). Applications in key areas such as films, coatings controlled release and tissue engineering are discussed. Dr Ebnesajjad provides readers with an in-depth reference for the plastics industry – material suppliers and processors, bio-polymer producers, bio-polymer processors and fabricators – and for industry sectors utilizing biopolymers – automotive, packaging, construction, wind turbine manufacturers, film manufacturers, adhesive and coating industries, medical device manufacturers, biomedical engineers, and the recycling industry. Essential information and practical guidance for engineers and scientists working with bioplastics, or evaluating a migration to bioplastics. Includes key published material on biopolymers, updated specifically for this Handbook, and new material including coverage of PLA and Tissue Engineering Scaffolds. Coverage of materials and applications together in one handbook enables engineers and scientists to make informed design decisions.
Publisher: William Andrew
ISBN: 1455730033
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 473
Book Description
Biopolymers and Biodegradable Plastics are a hot issue across the Plastics industry, and for many of the industry sectors that use plastic, from packaging to medical devices and from the construction indusry to the automotive sector. This book brings together a number of key biopolymer and biodegradable plastics topics in one place for a broad audience of engineers and scientists, especially those designing with biopolymers and biodegradable plastics, or evaluating the options for switching from traditional plastics to biopolymers. Topics covered include preparation, fabrication, applications and recycling (including biodegradability and compostability). Applications in key areas such as films, coatings controlled release and tissue engineering are discussed. Dr Ebnesajjad provides readers with an in-depth reference for the plastics industry – material suppliers and processors, bio-polymer producers, bio-polymer processors and fabricators – and for industry sectors utilizing biopolymers – automotive, packaging, construction, wind turbine manufacturers, film manufacturers, adhesive and coating industries, medical device manufacturers, biomedical engineers, and the recycling industry. Essential information and practical guidance for engineers and scientists working with bioplastics, or evaluating a migration to bioplastics. Includes key published material on biopolymers, updated specifically for this Handbook, and new material including coverage of PLA and Tissue Engineering Scaffolds. Coverage of materials and applications together in one handbook enables engineers and scientists to make informed design decisions.
Chitin
Author: Riccardo A. A. Muzzarelli
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 1483159469
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 326
Book Description
Chitin presents fundamental information on chitin. The enzymatic processes controlling the synthesis and the breakdown of chitin are discussed, along with its role in the fundamental mechanism of growth, differentiation, nutrition, and movement of a large number of species. This text consists of seven chapters and begins with an overview of chitin research and the rapidly increasing interest in chitin chemistry and applications. The discussion then moves to the enzymatic synthesis of chitin and chitosan and inhibition of chitin biosynthesis, along with the physicochemical characteristics of chitin and chitosan. The chapters that follow focus on chitin chemistry, chitinases and related enzymes, applications of chitin in chromatography, and industrial production and applications of chitin. The final chapter is devoted to medical applications of chitin and its oligomers, from being artificial kidney membranes and antigens against parasites to blood anticoagulants, biodegradable pharmaceutical carriers, wound healing accelerators, and microbiological media. This book will be of interest to biochemists, physicists, industrialists, botanists, entomologists, physiologists, and other scientists in a variety of disciplines, as well as graduate students wishing to undertake research about chitin.
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 1483159469
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 326
Book Description
Chitin presents fundamental information on chitin. The enzymatic processes controlling the synthesis and the breakdown of chitin are discussed, along with its role in the fundamental mechanism of growth, differentiation, nutrition, and movement of a large number of species. This text consists of seven chapters and begins with an overview of chitin research and the rapidly increasing interest in chitin chemistry and applications. The discussion then moves to the enzymatic synthesis of chitin and chitosan and inhibition of chitin biosynthesis, along with the physicochemical characteristics of chitin and chitosan. The chapters that follow focus on chitin chemistry, chitinases and related enzymes, applications of chitin in chromatography, and industrial production and applications of chitin. The final chapter is devoted to medical applications of chitin and its oligomers, from being artificial kidney membranes and antigens against parasites to blood anticoagulants, biodegradable pharmaceutical carriers, wound healing accelerators, and microbiological media. This book will be of interest to biochemists, physicists, industrialists, botanists, entomologists, physiologists, and other scientists in a variety of disciplines, as well as graduate students wishing to undertake research about chitin.
Handbook of Textile Fibre Structure
Author: Stephen Eichhorn
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 1845697316
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 537
Book Description
Due to their complexity and diversity, understanding the structure of textile fibres is of key importance. This authoritative two-volume collection provides a comprehensive review of the structure of an extensive range of textile fibres.Volume 2 begins by reviewing natural fibres such as cellulosic, cotton, protein, wool and silk fibres. Part two considers regenerated cellulosic, protein, alginate, chitin and chitosan fibres. The final part of the book discusses inorganic fibres such as glass, carbon and ceramic fibres as well as specialist fibres such as thermally and chemically-resistant fibres, optical and hollow fibres. Chapters review how fibre structure contributes to key mechanical properties. A companion volume reviews the structure of manufactured polymer fibres.Edited by leading authorities on the subject and with a team of international authors, the two volumes of the Handbook of textile fibre structure is an essential reference for textile technologists, fibre scientists, textile engineers and those in academia. - Discusses how fibre structure contributes to key mechanical properties - Reviews natural fibres such as cellulosic, cotton and silk fibres and considers various regenerated fibres - Examines inorganic fibres including glass and carbon as well as specialist fibres such as chemically-resistant and optical fibres
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 1845697316
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 537
Book Description
Due to their complexity and diversity, understanding the structure of textile fibres is of key importance. This authoritative two-volume collection provides a comprehensive review of the structure of an extensive range of textile fibres.Volume 2 begins by reviewing natural fibres such as cellulosic, cotton, protein, wool and silk fibres. Part two considers regenerated cellulosic, protein, alginate, chitin and chitosan fibres. The final part of the book discusses inorganic fibres such as glass, carbon and ceramic fibres as well as specialist fibres such as thermally and chemically-resistant fibres, optical and hollow fibres. Chapters review how fibre structure contributes to key mechanical properties. A companion volume reviews the structure of manufactured polymer fibres.Edited by leading authorities on the subject and with a team of international authors, the two volumes of the Handbook of textile fibre structure is an essential reference for textile technologists, fibre scientists, textile engineers and those in academia. - Discusses how fibre structure contributes to key mechanical properties - Reviews natural fibres such as cellulosic, cotton and silk fibres and considers various regenerated fibres - Examines inorganic fibres including glass and carbon as well as specialist fibres such as chemically-resistant and optical fibres