Guidelines for the Selection of Near-Earth Thermal Environment Parameters for Spacecraft Design PDF Download
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Author: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN: 9781720568728
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 32
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Book Description
Thermal analysis and design of Earth orbiting systems requires specification of three environmental thermal parameters: the direct solar irradiance, Earth's local albedo, and outgoing longwave radiance (OLR). In the early 1990s data sets from the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment were analyzed on behalf of the Space Station Program to provide an accurate description of these parameters as a function of averaging time along the orbital path. This information, documented in SSP 30425 and, in more generic form in NASA/TM-4527, enabled the specification of the proper thermal parameters for systems of various thermal response time constants. However, working with the engineering community and SSP-30425 and TM-4527 products over a number of years revealed difficulties in interpretation and application of this material. For this reason it was decided to develop this guidelines document to help resolve these issues of practical application. In the process, the data were extensively reprocessed and a new computer code, the Simple Thermal Environment Model (STEM) was developed to simplify the process of selecting the parameters for input into extreme hot and cold thermal analyses and design specifications. In the process, greatly improved values for the cold case OLR values for high inclination orbits were derived. Thermal parameters for satellites in low, medium, and high inclination low-Earth orbit and with various system thermal time constraints are recommended for analysis of extreme hot and cold conditions. Practical information as to the interpretation and application of the information and an introduction to the STEM are included. Complete documentation for STEM is found in the user's manual, in preparation.Anderson, B. J. and Justus, C. G. and Batts, G. W.Marshall Space Flight CenterEARTH RADIATION BUDGET EXPERIMENT; ENVIRONMENT MODELS; SPACECRAFT DESIGN; THERMAL ENVIRONMENTS; IRRADIANCE; SOLAR RADIATION; LOW EARTH ORBITS; TEMPERATURE EFFECTS; SOLAR CONSTANT; EARTH AL
Author: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN: 9781720568728
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 32
Get Book Here
Book Description
Thermal analysis and design of Earth orbiting systems requires specification of three environmental thermal parameters: the direct solar irradiance, Earth's local albedo, and outgoing longwave radiance (OLR). In the early 1990s data sets from the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment were analyzed on behalf of the Space Station Program to provide an accurate description of these parameters as a function of averaging time along the orbital path. This information, documented in SSP 30425 and, in more generic form in NASA/TM-4527, enabled the specification of the proper thermal parameters for systems of various thermal response time constants. However, working with the engineering community and SSP-30425 and TM-4527 products over a number of years revealed difficulties in interpretation and application of this material. For this reason it was decided to develop this guidelines document to help resolve these issues of practical application. In the process, the data were extensively reprocessed and a new computer code, the Simple Thermal Environment Model (STEM) was developed to simplify the process of selecting the parameters for input into extreme hot and cold thermal analyses and design specifications. In the process, greatly improved values for the cold case OLR values for high inclination orbits were derived. Thermal parameters for satellites in low, medium, and high inclination low-Earth orbit and with various system thermal time constraints are recommended for analysis of extreme hot and cold conditions. Practical information as to the interpretation and application of the information and an introduction to the STEM are included. Complete documentation for STEM is found in the user's manual, in preparation.Anderson, B. J. and Justus, C. G. and Batts, G. W.Marshall Space Flight CenterEARTH RADIATION BUDGET EXPERIMENT; ENVIRONMENT MODELS; SPACECRAFT DESIGN; THERMAL ENVIRONMENTS; IRRADIANCE; SOLAR RADIATION; LOW EARTH ORBITS; TEMPERATURE EFFECTS; SOLAR CONSTANT; EARTH AL
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 36
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Book Description
Author: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN: 9781720781523
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 92
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Book Description
This report presents a Simple Thermal Environment Model (STEM) for determining appropriate engineering design values to specify the thermal environment of Earth-orbiting satellites. The thermal environment of a satellite, consists of three components: (1) direct solar radiation, (2) Earth-atmosphere reflected shortwave radiation, as characterized by Earth's albedo, and (3) Earth-atmosphere-emitted outgoing longwave radiation (OLR). This report, together with a companion "guidelines" report provides methodology and guidelines for selecting "design points" for thermal environment parameters for satellites and spacecraft systems. The methods and models reported here are outgrowths of Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) satellite data analysis and thermal environment specifications discussed by Anderson and Smith (1994). In large part, this report is intended to update (and supersede) those results.Justus, C.G. and Batts, G. W. and Anderson, B. J. and James, B. F.Marshall Space Flight CenterTHERMAL ENVIRONMENTS; SATELLITE TEMPERATURE; SPACECRAFT ENVIRONMENTS; USER MANUALS (COMPUTER PROGRAMS); EARTH RADIATION BUDGET EXPERIMENT; REFLECTED WAVES; SOLAR RADIATION; EARTH ALBEDO
Author: Eric Silk
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1107193796
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 587
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Book Description
Develop a fundamental understanding of heat transfer analysis techniques as applied to earth based spacecraft with this practical guide. Written in a tutorial style, this essential text provides a how-to manual tailored for those who wish to understand and develop spacecraft thermal analyses. Providing an overview of basic heat transfer analysis fundamentals such as thermal circuits, limiting resistance, MLI, environmental thermal sources and sinks, as well as contemporary space based thermal technologies, and the distinctions between design considerations inherent to room temperature and cryogenic temperature applications, this is the perfect tool for graduate students, professionals and academic researchers.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781642241754
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 379
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Book Description
Thermal control is necessary to assurance the optimum performance and accomplishment of the operation because if a component is subjected to temperatures which are too high or too low, it could be damaged or its performance could be rigorously affected. Almost all sophisticated equipment has specified temperature ranges in which it will function correctly. The role of the TCS (thermal control systems) is therefore to maintain the temperature and temperature stability of every item onboard the spacecraft within those pre-defined limits during all mission phases and thereby using a minimum of spacecraft resources. Spacecraft Thermal Control reviews the design drivers and the technologies currently used for spacecraft thermal control focusing on future technology developments in thermal control. It includes thermal environments and design techniques for interplanetary spacecraft, as well as the Earth-orbiting satellites. The readers will find a modernized depiction of the thermal environment in Earth orbit, new material documenting the environments of interplanetary missions, further practical information about the thermal control of hardware elements, and presentation of some newer technologies such as heat switches and precision temperature control techniques. Definitive chapters focuses on correction method for a spacecraft thermal model, architectural design criteria for spacecraft; heat pipe for aerospace applications and testing of a low-cost loop heat pipe design; anodic coating characteristics of different aluminum alloys for spacecraft materials applications; failure detection in an annular combustion chamber with experimental and numerical methods; resolving the difficulties encountered by JPL interplanetary robotic spacecraft in flight; and more.This practical handbook provides the reader with enough background and specific information to begin conducting thermal analysis and to participate in the thermal design of spacecraft systems.
Author: Robert Lyle
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Space cabin atmospheres
Languages : en
Pages : 45
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Book Description
Author: Robert G Lyle
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Space cabin atmospheres
Languages : en
Pages : 60
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Book Description
Author: Jianyin Miao
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9811549842
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 360
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Book Description
This book presents fundamental theories, design and testing methodologies, and engineering applications concerning spacecraft thermal control systems, helping readers gain a comprehensive understanding of spacecraft thermal control systems and technologies. With abundant design methods, advanced technologies and typical applications to help them grasp the basic concepts and principles of engineering applications, it is mainly intended for engineering and technical staff engaged in spacecraft thermal control areas. The book discusses the thermal environments commonly used for space flight missions, rules and regulations for system design, thermal analysis and simulation, and thermal testing methods, as well as the design and validation of the thermal control systems for Chinese spacecraft, such as the Shenzhou spacecraft and Chang’e Lunar Lander and Rover. It also introduces them to communication and remote sensing satellites and presents advanced thermal control technologies developed in recent years, including heat transfer, heat insulation, heating, refrigeration and thermal sensor technologies. Addressing the design and validation of thermal control systems for various types of Chinese spacecraft, the book offers a valuable theoretical and practical reference guide for researchers and engineers alike.
Author: Robert W. Johnson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Space cabin atmospheres
Languages : en
Pages : 28
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Book Description
Author: Jerry Bevans
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0323142117
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 876
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Book Description
Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics, Volume 21: Thermal Design Principles of Spacecraft and Entry Bodies is a collection of technical papers drawn mainly from the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Third Thermophysics Specialist Conference, held in Los Angeles, California on June 24-26, 1968 This volume is divided into three parts. The first part covers some aspects of thermal processes and design, including thermal analysis, convection, radiation, ablation, and space rocket effects. The second part surveys the remote measurements of the thermophysical and thermal radiation properties and joint conductance, which are critical criteria for space thermal design. The third part focuses on the space environmental effects on thermal coatings. This part deals first with the theory of radiative degradation, followed by a presentation of the laboratory measurements. This part also looks into the results of several flight experiments. This book will be of great value to thermophysicists, space engineers, and designers who are working in the space science fields.
