Greater Temperature and Precipitation Extremes Intensify Western US Droughts, Wildfire Severity, and Sierra Nevada Tree Mortality PDF Download
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 48
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Book Description
We analyzed gridded daily climate (temperature, precipitation and climatic water deficit) data to identify and characterize the spatiotemporal evolution of the largest Western United States droughts of the last 100 years. Droughts of the last 15 years (2000-2002, 2012-2014) had more extremes of climatic water deficit than earlier droughts, driven by greater temperature and precipitation extremes. Comparing fire extent and severity before, during and after drought events using the Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity dataset (1984-2014), we found fire size and high severity burn extent were greater during droughts than before or after. Similarly, recent Sierra Nevada forest mortality was greatest in drought-affected locations immediately after the drought. Climate simulations anticipate greater extremes in temperature and precipitation in a warming world: droughts and related impacts of the last 15 years may presage the effects of these extremes.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 48
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Book Description
We analyzed gridded daily climate (temperature, precipitation and climatic water deficit) data to identify and characterize the spatiotemporal evolution of the largest Western United States droughts of the last 100 years. Droughts of the last 15 years (2000-2002, 2012-2014) had more extremes of climatic water deficit than earlier droughts, driven by greater temperature and precipitation extremes. Comparing fire extent and severity before, during and after drought events using the Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity dataset (1984-2014), we found fire size and high severity burn extent were greater during droughts than before or after. Similarly, recent Sierra Nevada forest mortality was greatest in drought-affected locations immediately after the drought. Climate simulations anticipate greater extremes in temperature and precipitation in a warming world: droughts and related impacts of the last 15 years may presage the effects of these extremes.
Author: Mahesh K. Upadhyaya
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119525632
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 543
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Book Description
An invaluable source of up-to-date information on all major aspects of weed persistence Weeds negatively impact crop yields, the quality of agricultural produce, the health of livestock and ecosystems, and various aspects of human life. Despite significant expenditures of time, money, and resources by agricultural producers, land managers, and the general public, weeds persist. Developing new methods for protecting crops and the environment requires a thorough understanding of the persistence mechanisms of weeds. In Persistence Strategies of Weeds, an international team of expert authors provide detailed information on weed seed biology, identify the vulnerabilities of different weeds, and address the underlying issues behind the problem of weed persistence despite various management methods including herbicides. Presenting a comprehensive approach to the subject, the authors describe what is already understood about weed persistence and what yet needs to be determined. Topics include the role of seed production, dissemination, seed banks, the physiology and genetics of seed dormancy, the influence of agronomic practices, seed longevity, vegetative propagation, allelopathy, predation, soil microbes, weed evolution, and more. This authoritative volume: Examines the genetic flexibility of weeds to adapt to changes in agricultural practices and management strategies Discusses the release of allelochemicals by certain weeds that inhibit the growth of competing plant species Explores the influence of climate change on weed persistence and how the efficacy of herbicides will be affected Emphasizes the importance of sustainable crop production and reducing dependence on synthetic herbicides Provides extensive coverage of the roles of genetic, environmental, and morphological factors in the regulation of weed seed dormancy Includes an overview of persistence strategies of weeds, detailed case studies, and numerous illustrative examples Persistence Strategies of Weeds is an ideal textbook for all upper-level undergraduate and graduate students of weed and pest biology, agroecology, or organic agriculture, and a must-have reference for weed scientists and weed management professionals.
Author: Brian J. Palik
Publisher: Waveland Press
ISBN: 1478645237
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 343
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Book Description
Classical silviculture has often emphasized timber models, fundamentally based in production agriculture. This books presents silvicultural methods based in natural forest models—models that emulate natural disturbances and development processes, sustain biological legacies, and allow time to take its course in shaping stands. These methods, dubbed “ecological forestry,” have been successfully implemented by foresters for decades managing a wide variety of forestlands. Ecological silvicultural strategies protect threatened and rare species, sustain biological diversity, and provide habitat for game and non-game species, all while providing timber in profitable ways.
Author: Udo Schickhoff
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030702383
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 665
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Book Description
This book compiles available knowledge of the response of mountain ecosystems to recent climate and land use change and intends to bridge the gap between science, policy and the community concerned. The chapters present key concepts, major drivers and key processes of mountain response, providing transdisciplinary orientation to mountain studies incorporating experiences of academics, community leaders and policy-makers from developed and less developed countries. The book chapters are arranged in two sections. The first section concerns the response processes of mountain environments to climate change. This section addresses climate change itself (past, current and future changes of temperature and precipitation) and its impacts on the cryosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and human-environment systems. The second section focuses on the response processes of mountain environments to land use/land cover change. The case studies address effects of changing agriculture and pastoralism, forest/water resources management and urbanization processes, landscape management, and biodiversity conservation. The book is designed as an interdisciplinary publication which critically evaluates developments in mountains of the world with contributions from both social and natural sciences.
Author: F. Martin Ralph
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030289060
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 284
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Book Description
This book is the standard reference based on roughly 20 years of research on atmospheric rivers, emphasizing progress made on key research and applications questions and remaining knowledge gaps. The book presents the history of atmospheric-rivers research, the current state of scientific knowledge, tools, and policy-relevant (science-informed) problems that lend themselves to real-world application of the research—and how the topic fits into larger national and global contexts. This book is written by a global team of authors who have conducted and published the majority of critical research on atmospheric rivers over the past years. The book is intended to benefit practitioners in the fields of meteorology, hydrology and related disciplines, including students as well as senior researchers.
Author: Adrienne Edwards
Publisher: Timber Press
ISBN: 164326303X
Category : Gardening
Languages : en
Pages : 416
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Book Description
This hardworking, actionable guide is a must-have for homeowners looking to fight the risks of wildfire spreading to their homes and property. Wildfires are burning over longer seasons and more intensely than ever before, and everyone living in a wildland-urban interface or wildland-adjacent area should take precautionary steps to mitigate the risk of property damage. In Firescaping Your Home, Adrienne Edwards and Rachel Schleiger provide expert guidance and specific recommendations on how to harden your home against fire and create defensible space that is lush and attractive. They also provide in-depth native plant lists of hundreds of species that have evolved to coexist with fire in the West, and show how and why including these on your property sustains wildlife and can actually be your most powerful defense.
Author: Sarah Ann Byer
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780355461763
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
A five-year drought in California has led to a significant increase in tree mortality in the Sierra Nevada forests from 2012 to 2016. Landscape level monitoring of forest health and tree dieback is critical for vegetation and disaster management strategies. We examined the capability of multispectral imagery from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) in detecting and explaining the impacts of the recent severe drought in Sierra Nevada forests. Remote sensing metrics were developed to represent baseline forest health conditions and drought stress using time series of MODIS vegetation indices (VIs) and a water index. We used Random Forest algorithms, trained with forest aerial detection surveys data, to detect tree mortality based on the remote sensing metrics and topographical variables. Map estimates of tree mortality demonstrated that our two-stage Random Forest models were capable of detecting the spatial patterns and severity of tree mortality, with an overall producer’s accuracy of 96.3% for the classification Random Forest (CRF) and a RMSE of 7.19 dead trees per acre for the regression Random Forest (RRF). The overall omission errors of the CRF ranged from 19% for the severe mortality class to 27% for the low mortality class. Interpretations of the models revealed that forests with higher productivity preceding the onset of drought were more vulnerable to drought stress and, consequently, more likely to express tree mortality. This method highlights the importance of incorporating baseline forest health data and measurements of drought stress in understanding forest response to severe drought.
Author: James M. Vose
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Climatic changes
Languages : en
Pages : 302
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Book Description
This assessment provides input to the reauthorized National Integrated Drought Information System (NIDIS) and the National Climate Assessment (NCA), and it establishes the scientific foundation needed to manage for drought resilience and adaptation. Focal areas include drought characterization; drought impacts on forest processes and disturbances such as insect outbreaks and wildfire; and consequences for forest and rangeland values. Drought can be a severe natural disaster with substantial social and economic consequences. Drought becomes most obvious when large-scale changes are observed; however, even moderate drought can have long-lasting impacts on the structure and function of forests and rangelands without these obvious large-scale changes. Large, stand-level impacts of drought are already underway in the West, but all U.S. forests are vulnerable to drought. Drought-associated forest disturbances are expected to increase with climatic change. Management actions can either mitigate or exacerbate the effects of drought. A first principal for increasing resilience and adaptation is to avoid management actions that exacerbate the effects of current or future drought. Options to mitigate drought include altering structural or functional components of vegetation, minimizing drought-mediated disturbance such as wildfire or insect outbreaks, and managing for reliable flow of water.
Author: Ahmed M. Abdel Azeem
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 032399315X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 466
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Book Description
Endophytic Fungi: The Full Story of the Untapped Treasure covers the developments in endophytic fungal research from beginning to the end by the eminent researchers involved in the field. It sheds light on the endophytic fungal current research, challenges, and future possibilities, the trending recent topics in the plant-fungal endophytes' biodynamics for sustainable development of bioproducts and its applications are supported in large-scale biosynthesis of industrially and pharmaceutical important biomolecules. Endophytic Fungi: The Full Story of the Untapped Treasure highlights the bioprospecting and applied aspects of endophytic fungal communities from diverse hosts and discusses the practical applications of such endophytes in detail. It also reviews recent strategies on alternative sustainable sources of medicines such as secondary metabolites of fungi instead of over collection of plants under prohibiting of biodiversity conventions. The uniqueness of this book is the inclusion of updated bioinformatics-based strategies and its importance in bioactive molecules produced by endophytic fungi. The book addresses one of the most eminent issues in this field: how to translate the potential that endophytic fungi hold in stable practical application. Covers major concepts of plant-fungi interaction, biodiversity of endophytic fungi from diverse and biotechnological applications for sustainable development Is extensively illustrated and clearly written, using easy-to-understand language, sharing the latest developments and potential of fungal products for various applications Sheds light on the endophytic fungal current research, challenges, and future possibilities
Author: John James Keetch
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Droughts
Languages : en
Pages : 36
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Book Description
