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Author: Baozhong Meng
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319577069
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 688
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Book Description
The domestication of grapes dates back five thousand years ago and has spread to nearly all continents. In recent years, grape acreage has increased dramatically in new regions, including the United States of America, Chile, Asia (China and India), and Turkey. A major limiting factor to the sustained production of premium grapes and wines is infections by viruses. The advent of powerful molecular and metagenomics technologies, such as molecular cloning and next generation sequencing, allowed the discovery of new viruses from grapes. To date, grapevine is susceptible to 64 viruses that belong to highly diverse taxonomic groups. The most damaging diseases include: (1) infectious degeneration; (2) leafroll disease complex; and (3) rugose wood complex. Recently, two new disease syndromes have been recognized: Syrah decline and red blotch. Losses due to fanleaf degeneration are estimated at $1 billion annually in France alone. Other diseases including leafroll, rugose wood, Syrah de cline and red blotch can result in total crop loss several years post-infection. This situation is further exacerbated by mixed infections with multiple viruses and other biotic as well as adverse abiotic environmental conditions, such as drought and winter damage, causing even greater destruction. The book builds upon the last handbook (written over twenty years ago) on the part of diagnostics and extensively expands its scope by inclusion of molecular biology aspects of select viruses that are widespread and economically most important. This includes most current information on the biology, transmission, genome replication, transcription, subcellular localization, as well as virus-host interactions. It also touches on several novel areas of scientific inquiry. It also contains suggested directions for future research in the field of grapevine virology.
Author: Baozhong Meng
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319577069
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 688
Get Book Here
Book Description
The domestication of grapes dates back five thousand years ago and has spread to nearly all continents. In recent years, grape acreage has increased dramatically in new regions, including the United States of America, Chile, Asia (China and India), and Turkey. A major limiting factor to the sustained production of premium grapes and wines is infections by viruses. The advent of powerful molecular and metagenomics technologies, such as molecular cloning and next generation sequencing, allowed the discovery of new viruses from grapes. To date, grapevine is susceptible to 64 viruses that belong to highly diverse taxonomic groups. The most damaging diseases include: (1) infectious degeneration; (2) leafroll disease complex; and (3) rugose wood complex. Recently, two new disease syndromes have been recognized: Syrah decline and red blotch. Losses due to fanleaf degeneration are estimated at $1 billion annually in France alone. Other diseases including leafroll, rugose wood, Syrah de cline and red blotch can result in total crop loss several years post-infection. This situation is further exacerbated by mixed infections with multiple viruses and other biotic as well as adverse abiotic environmental conditions, such as drought and winter damage, causing even greater destruction. The book builds upon the last handbook (written over twenty years ago) on the part of diagnostics and extensively expands its scope by inclusion of molecular biology aspects of select viruses that are widespread and economically most important. This includes most current information on the biology, transmission, genome replication, transcription, subcellular localization, as well as virus-host interactions. It also touches on several novel areas of scientific inquiry. It also contains suggested directions for future research in the field of grapevine virology.
Author: Bikash Mandal
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9811056722
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 800
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Book Description
The book is a compilation of research work carried out on plant viruses during past 100 years in India. Plant viruses are important constraints in Indian agriculture. Tropical and sub-tropical environments and intensive crop cultivation practices ideally favours perpetuation of numerous plant viruses and their vectors in India, which often cause wide spread crop losses. Of all the plant pathogens, studies of plant viruses have received a special attention as they are difficult to manage. A large body of literature has been published on the plant virus research from India during past 100 years; however the information is so far not available in one place. This book provides comprehensive information on the biology, molecular biology, epidemics, crop losses, diagnosis and management of viruses and viroids occurring in India. Description of properties of the viruses are provided in the chapters comprising of different genera such as Allexivirus, Begomovirus, Babuvirus, Badnavirus, Carlavirus, Carmovirus, Cucumovirus, Closterovirus, Ilavirus, Mandrivirus, Potyvirus, Tospovirus, Tungrovirus and Sobemovirus. Virus-vector research related to aphid, thrips and whitefly is discussed. The work on the management aspects of plant viral diseases has been described with reference to the conventional, antiviral and transgenic approaches. Further, the quarantine mechanism developed in India for the exclusion of viruses and vectors has also been included. The book also provides useful information about the capacity building on the research and education on Plant Virology in India. Overall, the book covers a wide range of accounts of research findings and innovations in Plant Virology in India during past 100 years. The book will be a resourceful reference to the students, scientists, agricultural professionals and policy makers.
Author: Donald L. Flaherty
Publisher: ANR Publications
ISBN:
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 324
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Book Description
Author: Rajarshi kumar Gaur
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 288971876X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 207
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Book Description
Author: Palmiro Poltronieri
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 9780128160305
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Applied Plant Biotechnology for Improvement of Resistance to Biotic Stress applies biotechnology insights that seek to improve plant genomes, thus helping them achieve higher resistance and optimal hormone signaling to increase crop yield. The book provides an analysis of the current state-of-the-art in plant biotechnology as applied to improving resistance to biotic stress. In recent years, significant progress has been made towards understanding the interplay between plants and their hosts, particularly the role of plant immunity in regulating, attenuating or neutralizing invading pathogens. As a result, there is a great need to integrate these insights with methods from biotechnology.
Author: International Council for the Study of Viruses and Virus Diseases of the Grapevine
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN: 9789251032459
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 284
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Book Description
Author: Carla Varanda
Publisher: Mdpi AG
ISBN: 9783036525396
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 306
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Book Description
Viruses are microscopic agents that exist worldwide and are present in humans, animals, plants, and other living organisms in which they can cause devastating diseases. However, the advances of biotechnology and next-generation sequencing technologies have accelerated novel virus discovery, identification, sequencing, and manipulation, showing that they present unique characteristics that place them as valuable tools for a wide variety of biotechnological applications. Many applications of viruses have been used for agricultural purposes, namely concerning plant breeding and plant protection. Nevertheless, it is interesting to mention that plants have also many advantages to be used in vaccine production, such as the low cost and low risks they entail, showing once more the versatility of the use of viruses in biotechnology. Although it will obviously never be ignored that viruses are responsible for devastating diseases, it is clear that the more they are studied, the more possibilities they offer to us. They are now on the front line of the most revolutionizing techniques in several fields, providing advances that would not be possible without their existence. In this book there are presented studies that demonstrate the work developed using viruses in biotechnology. These studies were brought by experts that focus on the development and applications of many viruses in several fields, such as agriculture, the pharmaceutical industry, and medicine.
Author: Benjamin L. Calvi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Grapes
Languages : en
Pages : 77
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Book Description
Grapevines with foliar symptoms similar to leafroll or corky bark infections, but testing negative for the presence of known grape viruses, are often referred to as having "red-leaf" disease. In 2008, a block at the Oakville Experimental Vineyard in Napa Valley, California was observed to express symptoms fitting this description. The progression of red-leaf symptoms was mapped in 2008 and 2009 identifying symptomatic and asymptomatic vines. In 2010, this study aimed, firstly, to determine if Cabernet Sauvignon grapevines with red-leaf disease also expressed delayed maturation symptoms characteristic of the above viruses, and secondly, to test if those symptoms could be mitigated by harvest delay or crop adjustment. Effects of this red-leaf disease on both vegetative and fruit components were observed. Fruit on vines with red-leaf symptoms showed reduced sugar accumulation of 2.3 Brix compared to healthy controls, and the severity of red-leaf symptoms was directly correlated to a reduction in Brix. Photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, pruning weight, berry weight, and berry anthocyanin levels were also lower in diseased vines. Reduced sugar accumulation was somewhat mitigated by delaying harvest and adjusting crop to 50%, with early thinning having a greater impact than late thinning. When imposing a desired sugar level of 25 Brix, harvest was delayed in the early thinned, late thinned, and fully cropped diseased vines by 6, 9, and 15 days, respectively. Midday leaf water potential, juice acidity, and pH were unaffected by red-leaf symptoms or mitigation treatments. A lower ratio of leaf: petiole potassium and higher berry potassium levels in diseased vines support the theory of vascular blockage at the leaf-petiole boundary, and both translocation of solutes as well as berry metabolism appear to be affected by the suspected viral pathogen.
Author: António M. Jordão
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 9535138332
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 386
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Book Description
The book "Grapes and Wines: Advances in Production, Processing, Analysis, and Valorization" intends to provide to the reader a comprehensive overview of the current state-of-the-art and different perspectives regarding the most recent knowledge related to grape and wine production. Thus, this book is composed of three different general sections: (1) Viticulture and Environmental Conditions, (2) Wine Production and Characterization, and (3) Economic Analysis and Valorization of Wine Products. Inside these 3 general sections, 16 different chapters provide current research on different topics of recent advances on production, processing, analysis, and valorization of grapes and wines. All chapters are written by a group of international researchers, in order to provide up-to-date reviews, overviews, and summaries of current research on the different dimensions of grape and wine production. This book is not only intended for technicians actively engaged in the field but also for students attending technical schools and/or universities and other professionals that might be interested in reading and learning about some fascinating areas of grape and wine research.
Author: L. P. Awasthi
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0323909000
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 990
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Book Description
Viral Diseases of Field and Horticultural Crops details the fundamental and applied aspects of the viral diseases of field and horticultural crops. The book opens with a historical introduction to plant virology, important plant virologists, and landmarks. It continues with systematic coverage of viral diseases, their economic significance, disease symptoms, host range, mode of transmission, diagnostic techniques, geographic distribution, epidemiology, yield losses, and control and management of the disease. Contributions from an international group of virologists with a wide range of academic, research, professional, and specialized backgrounds in plant virology makes Viral Diseases of Field and Horticultural Crops a comprehensive and must-have resource for those engaged in the study and research of plant virology, microbiology, and plant pathology particularly viral diseases and their impact on field and horticultural crops. - Provides virus characterization according to the disease pattern and symptoms they cause - Covers viral diseases of cereals, oil seeds, legumes, commercial crops, spices and condiments, medicinal and aromatic crops, forage crops, vegetable crops, fruit crops, tree nuts, among others - Discusses advances like applications in nanotechnology, molecular techniques for the detection and characterization of plant viruses, and the development of technologies for detecting plant viruses
