Glucose Transport Into Skeletal Muscle PDF Download
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Author: Harriet Wallberg-Henriksson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Biological transport
Languages : en
Pages : 92
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Book Description
Author: Harriet Wallberg-Henriksson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Biological transport
Languages : en
Pages : 92
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Biochemistry
Languages : de
Pages : 790
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Book Description
Author: Erik A. Richter
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1489919287
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 325
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Book Description
The Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre was founded in 1994 with the support of a grant from the Danish National Research Foundation. Among the goals for the Centre is the organization of research symposia, with the aim of bringing a limited number ofintemation ally renowned scientists together to discuss the latest developments and perspectives in their field. The first Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre Conference was held in 1995 and dealt with cardiovascular regulation. The Second Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre Confer ence was held from October 23-26, 1997. The topic of the Symposium was Muscle Metabo lism: Regulation, Exercise, and Diabetes. Seventy invited scientists from all over the world discussed their latest research related to skeletal muscle metabolism. The speakers were asked to expand on their presentations and to write short, but comprehensive, chapters about their given topics. The result is 28 peer-reviewed and edited chapters covering many if not all aspects of muscle energy metabolism related to exercise and diabetes. Emphasis is on regulation of glucose and fatty acid metabolism and the mechanisms regulating their use as fuels for the muscle during exercise. In addition, abnormalities in the regulation of glucose metabolism in the diabetic state are described. However, amino acid and protein metabolism are also thoroughly discussed. We believe that this volume brings an unparralleled, up to date, and comprehensive review of the frontiers in muscle metabolism. Erik A.
Author: Juleen R. Zierath
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Biological transport
Languages : en
Pages : 100
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Book Description
Author: Ashok K. Srivastava
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9780792381136
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 206
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Book Description
In 1996 the 75th anniversary of the discovery of insulin was celebrated at the University of Toronto, the scene of that discovery in 1921. This volume was stimulated by the scientific program which was staged at that time and brought together much of the world's best talent to discuss and analyze the most recent developments in our understanding of pancreatic function, insulin secretion, the interaction of insulin with its target tissues, the mechanism of insulin action at the cellular level, and the defects which underlie both Type I (insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, IDDM) and Type II (noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, NIDDM) forms of the disease. We have chosen to focus the present volume on work related to insulin action.
Author: Zayna A. Khayat
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Glucose is a universal energy substrate of mammalian cells. The Thesis examines the two main pathways of regulating glucose transport in muscle cells--insulin and the metabolic demand pathway. Insulin and the mitochondrial uncoupler dinitrophenol (DNP) were used to stimulate these two pathways in L6 muscle cells in order to dissect differences involving 3 major cellular regulatory pathways: (1) the actin cytoskeleton and temporal spatial regulation of signals and glucose transporters; (2) signalling pathways activated by these stimuli; and (3) cellular mechanisms controlling chronic glucose transporter expression. The results demonstrate that insulin provokes a rapid and marked aggregation of filamentous actin into structures that provide the coordinates for the insulin-derived signals to meet glucose transporter organelles, and direct their insertion into membrane ruffles. The results also reveal that, in contrast to insulin, DNP-stimulated glucose uptake largely depends on cytosolic Ca2+ and Ca2+-sensitive PKCs, but likely does not engage the fuel sensing enzyme AMPK. Finally, insulin and DNP were shown to elicit different long-term effects on glucose transporter expression: whereas prolonged exposure to insulin increases glucose transporter biosynthesis, chronic exposure to DNP increases the half-life of the glucose transporters in an isoform-specific manner. By uncovering the different cellular factors accessed by insulin and DNP to control glucose transport, the Thesis enhances our understanding of the diverse means employed by the muscle cell to control glucose homeostasis, and may have implications for the therapeutic treatment of diseases associated with impaired glucose utilization, such as Type 2 diabetes.
Author: Gwyn W. Gould
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9780412132919
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 270
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Book Description
This book is a comprehensive text covering the major aspects of the cell and molecular biology of the facilitative glucose transporter family. The text reviews the biology and function of each family member, covers structure-function studies, the regulation of glucose transport by insulin and the consequence of diabetes and insulin resistance, discusses aspects of cellular signalling which control glucose transport, reviews the control of expression and function of GLUT2 in liver and pancreatic beta-cells, and reviews the effects of nutrients on the control of sugar transporter expression.
Author: Bruce Spiegelman
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319727907
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 108
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Book Description
The world is faced with an epidemic of metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. This is due to changes in dietary habits and the decrease in physical activity. Exercise is usually part of the prescription, the first line of defense, to prevent or treat metabolic disorders. However, we are still learning how and why exercise provides metabolic benefits in human health. This open access volume focuses on the cellular and molecular pathways that link exercise, muscle biology, hormones and metabolism. This will include novel “myokines” that might act as new therapeutic agents in the future.
Author: Charles L. Dumke
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 266
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Book Description
Author: Parker Lance Evans
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Skeletal muscle is a highly adaptable tissue. In response to stimuli such as resistance exercise training or trauma/injury, muscle glucose uptake is stimulated to fuel the energetic and biosynthetic demands of growth, repair, and regeneration processes. Understanding how muscle glucose uptake changes in response to resistance training or acute injury may advance new therapies for patients with type 2 diabetes or those with muscle trauma. Therefore, the overall objective of this dissertation was to determine the transport mechanism(s) used by skeletal muscle to increase glucose uptake in response to mechanical overload, a model of resistance exercise training, as well as in response to acute injury induced by barium chloride injection. AIM 1: Determine if glucose transporter 6 (GLUT6) is necessary for mechanical overload-stimulated skeletal muscle glucose uptake and hypertrophic growth. Mechanical overload stimulates an increase in GLUT6 levels in mouse skeletal muscle. However, its role in overload-stimulated muscle adaptations was unknown. Overload was induced by unilateral synergist muscle ablation surgery in mice lacking GLUT6 in all cells. After 5 days, muscle weight and glucose uptake were assessed. Neither overload-stimulated muscle growth nor glucose uptake were impaired in the mice lacking GLUT6. Lack of impairment in overload-induced glucose uptake and growth demonstrates that GLUT6 does not play an essential role in mediating overload-stimulated glucose uptake or growth in muscle. AIM 2: Determine if chemical damage-induced acute muscle injury stimulates glucose uptake via an adaptation intrinsic to skeletal muscle, and if so to determine the glucose transport mechanism(s) responsible for this effect. Glucose metabolism increases in skeletal muscle acute injured by chemical damage. Whether this is due to an adaptation intrinsic to the muscle tissue versus an in vivo factor(s) such as enhanced blood flow or nerve activity was unknown. Acute muscle injury was induced in mice by intramuscular injection of the chemical barium chloride. In isolated skeletal muscles, barium chloride stimulated glucose uptake was observed at 3-, 5-, 7- and 10-days post injection. This exciting ex-vivo glucose uptake finding demonstrated that chemical damage-induced acute injury stimulates muscle glucose uptake via an adaptation intrinsic to the muscle tissue. Additional key characteristics of the glucose transport mechanism underlying this adaptation included: 1) inhibitable by the facilitative glucose transporter inhibitor, cytochalasin B; 2) not dependent on glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) expression in muscle cells; 3) not dependent on glucose transporter 1 (GLUT4) expression in muscle cells; and 4) not dependent on glucose transporter 6 (GLUT6) expression in any cell type. The findings presented in this dissertation are significant because they add to the growing body of evidence demonstrating that skeletal muscle tissue can metabolically adapt to stimuli such as chronic muscle overload or acute trauma/injury by stimulating a novel glucose transport mechanism intrinsic to the muscle tissue. Characterization of this transport mechanism(s) represents a key first step in the development of new therapies for individuals suffering from type 2 diabetes or acute muscle trauma/injury.
