Author: Fangfang Yao
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Lakes and reservoirs are essential components of the global hydrological cycle. They function as sentinels of climate change, and provide indispensable water supply, energy generation, aquatic ecosystems for meeting agricultural, industrial, and domestic needs. Despite the importance of lakes and reservoirs to natural systems and human societies, their water storage dynamics are poorly understood on a global scale, especially in remote and harsh environments such as the Tibetan Plateau. The challenge has been even amplified by the currently declining global network of gauging measurements. This knowledge gap prevents a fundamental understanding of the terrestrial water cycle and surface water availability, and thus impedes effective water resource management. Recent regional evidence has suggested that water-abundant regions show increasing trends in surface water extents whereas water-limited regions exhibit decreasing trends. However, whether this divergence also holds true for the storage of open water bodies across the entire land surface remains unknown. A synergy of fine resolution optical imagery and level measurements by satellite altimetry has the potential to accurately deduce lake/reservoir storage variations. However, the existing estimates of lake/reservoir storage changes are mostly limited by the number/size of studied water bodies and the low temporal frequencies in time series, primarily owing to atmospheric contaminations in satellite imagery and inadequate spatiotemporal coverage in altimetry. This dissertation aims to mitigate the above technical limitations through several remote sensing method advancements, and to leverage multi-mission satellites to investigate the recent lake/reservoir storage dynamics and their implications for the regional and global water cycles. Specifically, this dissertation is orientated to three overarching questions: 1) how has the lake water storage across the landlocked inner Tibetan Plateau changed over the recent decades and what was the dominant driver? 2) Can we improve the methodology of lake/reservoir area time series mapping in order to better enable a temporarily consistent monitoring of water storage dynamics in the world? 3) Did the recent trends in global open-surface water storage exhibit a divergence between arid and humid regions, and if so, what does this divergence indicate for the global water cycle and water management? The above questions were addressed in three chapters. Chapter 2 provides a comprehensive and spatially explicit quantification of lake storage changes across the inner Tibetan Plateau since 2002, through a synergy of satellite imagery and freely-available digital elevation models. By further incorporating satellite gravity observations to a water balance model, the dominant driver of this regional lake storage variation was attributed to net precipitation, i.e., precipitation minus evapotranspiration, rather than glacial melting. Chapter 3 introduces a novel method that substantially improves the temporal coverage in lake/reservoir area mapping, by effectively recovering inundation areas from contaminated spectral images with a relative error of 2.2%. Inclusion of recovered water areas from contaminated images improved the monthly coverage for 400+ lakes and reservoirs in the world by an average of 43%. Chapter 4 combines this novel mapping method and a constellation of satellite altimeters to reveal monthly storage changes in 1000+ major lakes/reservoirs worldwide from 1992 to 2018, the entire satellite altimetry era thus far. The finding confirms a multi-decadal divergence in global open-surface water storage between endorheic (arid/semiarid) and exorheic (more humid) regions. This divergence indicates an amplified contrast between fresh and saline water abundance, and was partially induced by the increasing water impoundment behind dams. Due to the divergence, global lakes and reservoirs slowed down the observed sea level rise by only ~1% during the past nearly three decades.
Author: Jérôme Benveniste
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9783642226786
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 500
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Book Description
This book will bring an integrated view of the state-of-the art in the matter to the water scientists eager to add Radar Altimetry to their toolkit. It describes experience in application of satellite altimetry to the different inland seas, lakes and rivers in the World. It presents the principal problems related to the altimetry derived products in inland seas, lakes and rivers and ways of their improvement. This publication is based on numerous satellite and observational data collected and analyzed by the authors of the various chapters in the framework of a set of international projects, performed in Europe, Russia, USA, and China. The book will contribute both to the ongoing International Altimeter Service effort and to the building of a sustained Continental Water observing system in the perspective of GMES and GEOSS initiatives, supplied with satellite data from the series of Sentinel-3 satellites, the Jason series and further on the revolutionary SWOT Satellite Mission. This book is aimed at specialists concerned with research in the various fields of satellite altimetry and remote sensing of Continental Waters. The book will also be interesting for lecturers, students and post-graduate students. Pratical applications stemming from the book content will be supported by, and can be advertised through, the ESA-CNES Basic Radar Altimetry Toolbox and its Radar Altimetry Tutorial ( http://earth.esa.int/brat, http://www.altimetry.info )
Author: Lee-Lueng Fu
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080516580
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 509
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Book Description
The new level of precision and global coverage provided by satellite altimetry is rapidly advancing studies of ocean circulation. It allows for new insights into marine geodesy, ice sheet movements, plate tectonics, and for the first time provides high-resolution bathymetry for previously unmapped regions of our watery planet and crucial information on the large-scale ocean features on intra-season to interannual time scales. Satellite Altimetry and Earth Sciences has integrated the expertise of the leading international researchers to demonstrate the techniques, missions, and accuracy of satellite altimetry, including altimeter measurements, orbit determination, and ocean circulation models.Satellite altimetry is helping to advance studies of ocean circulation, tides, sea level, surface waves and allowing new insights into marine geodesy. Satellite Altimetry and Earth Sciences provides high resolution bathymetry for previously unmapped regions of our watery planet.Satellite Altimetry and Earth Sciences is for a very broad spectrum of academics, graduate students, and researchers in geophysics, oceanography, and the space and earth sciences. International agencies that fund satellite-based research will also appreciate the handy reference on the applications of satellite altimetry.
Author: Stefano Vignudelli
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0323985718
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 248
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Book Description
Coastal Altimetry: Selected Case Studies from Asian Shelf Seas provides information on developments over the past decade in the processing of remotely sensed altimetry in coastal areas, with an overview of expected errors and where they stem from, along with remaining gaps in processing. Challenges covered include the retracking of the altimetric signal to account for land contamination, tropospheric water corrections, and tidal model improvements, along with the pros and cons of widely available products. Additional chapters provide recent research in the regional seas of Asia and cover variability, dynamics, predictability and prediction, impacts of extreme events, effects to ecosystems, and more. This book offers readers a dataset that can illuminate our understanding of the propagation of planetary boundary waves that have a significant sea level signal in near coastal regions. As such, researchers and students who have a foundation in satellite altimetry and want to know the latest development of open ocean and coastal satellite altimetry, especially in Asian coastal regions, will benefit from this book. - Presents the advancement of coastal altimetry technologies from various dedicated experts - Includes case studies throughout to give real-life examples that can be implemented globally - Provides chapters that include summaries of key points and an outlook to the future
Author: Jiri Marsalek
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1402049021
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 349
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Book Description
These edited proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop detail the ongoing search for better ways of protecting human life, land, property and the environment by improved flood management. Such flood management is difficult enough in river basins controlled by a single authority, and becomes even more challenging when dealing with transboundary floods, which may originate in one country or jurisdiction and propagate downstream to another country, or jurisdiction.
Author: L. Bengtsson
Publisher: Springer Science & Business
ISBN: 9401787891
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 408
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Book Description
This book gives a comprehensive presentation of our present understanding of the Earth's Hydrological cycle and the problems, consequences and impacts that go with this topic. Water is a central component in the Earth's system. It is indispensable for life on Earth in its present form and influences virtually every aspect of our planet's life support system. On relatively short time scales, atmospheric water vapor interacts with the atmospheric circulation and is crucial in forming the Earth's climate zones. Water vapor is the most powerful of the greenhouse gases and serves to enhance the tropospheric temperature. The dominant part of available water on Earth resides in the oceans. Parts are locked up in the land ice on Greenland and Antarctica and a smaller part is estimated to exist as groundwater. If all the ice over the land and all the glaciers were to melt, the sea level would rise by some 80 m. In comparison, the total amount of water vapor in the atmosphere is small; it amounts to ~ 25 kg/m2, or the equivalent of 25 mm water for each column of air. Yet atmospheric water vapor is crucial for the Earth’s energy balance. The book gives an up to date presentation of the present knowledge. Previously published in Surveys in Geophysics, Volume 35, No. 3, 2014
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309492432
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 29
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Book Description
We live on a dynamic Earth shaped by both natural processes and the impacts of humans on their environment. It is in our collective interest to observe and understand our planet, and to predict future behavior to the extent possible, in order to effectively manage resources, successfully respond to threats from natural and human-induced environmental change, and capitalize on the opportunities â€" social, economic, security, and more â€" that such knowledge can bring. By continuously monitoring and exploring Earth, developing a deep understanding of its evolving behavior, and characterizing the processes that shape and reshape the environment in which we live, we not only advance knowledge and basic discovery about our planet, but we further develop the foundation upon which benefits to society are built. Thriving on Our Changing Planet: A Decadal Strategy for Earth Observation from Space (National Academies Press, 2018) provides detailed guidance on how relevant federal agencies can ensure that the United States receives the maximum benefit from its investments in Earth observations from space, while operating within realistic cost constraints. This short booklet, designed to be accessible to the general public, provides a summary of the key ideas and recommendations from the full decadal survey report.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 9780309103879
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 460
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Book Description
Natural and human-induced changes in Earth's interior, land surface, biosphere, atmosphere, and oceans affect all aspects of life. Understanding these changes requires a range of observations acquired from land-, sea-, air-, and space-based platforms. To assist NASA, NOAA, and USGS in developing these tools, the NRC was asked to carry out a "decadal strategy" survey of Earth science and applications from space that would develop the key scientific questions on which to focus Earth and environmental observations in the period 2005-2015 and beyond, and present a prioritized list of space programs, missions, and supporting activities to address these questions. This report presents a vision for the Earth science program; an analysis of the existing Earth Observing System and recommendations to help restore its capabilities; an assessment of and recommendations for new observations and missions for the next decade; an examination of and recommendations for effective application of those observations; and an analysis of how best to sustain that observation and applications system.
Author: Detlef Stammer
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1498743463
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 617
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Book Description
Satellite remote sensing, in particular by radar altimetry, is a crucial technique for observations of the ocean surface and of many aspects of land surfaces, and of paramount importance for climate and environmental studies. This book provides a state-of-the-art overview of the satellite altimetry techniques and related missions, and reviews the most-up-to date applications to ocean dynamics and sea level. It also discusses related space-based observations of the ocean surface and of the marine geoid, as well as applications of satellite altimetry to the cryosphere and land surface waters; operational oceanography and its applications to navigation, fishing and defense.
Author: Nicolas Baghdadi
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0081017685
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 450
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Book Description
Microwave Remote Sensing of Land Surface: Techniques and Methods brings essential coverage of the space techniques of observation on continental surfaces. The authors explore major applications and provide detailed chapters on physical principles, physics of measurement, and data processing for each technique, bringing readers up-to-date descriptions of techniques used by leading scientists in the field of remote sensing and Earth observation. - Presents clear-and-concise descriptions of modern methods - Explores current remote sensing techniques that include physical aspects of measurement (theory) and their applications - Provides physical principles, measurement, and data processing chapters that are included for each technique described
