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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Competition, International
Languages : en
Pages : 76
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Competition, International
Languages : en
Pages : 76
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
ISBN: 1457824957
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 66
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Book Description
Author: Martin Kellermann
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 1464813728
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 275
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Book Description
In a modern world with rapidly growing international trade, countries compete less based on the availability of natural resources, geographical advantages, and lower labor costs and more on factors related to firms' ability to enter and compete in new markets. One such factor is the ability to demonstrate the quality and safety of goods and services expected by consumers and confirm compliance with international standards. To assure such compliance, a sound quality infrastructure (QI) ecosystem is essential. Jointly developed by the World Bank Group and the National Metrology Institute of Germany, this guide is designed to help development partners and governments analyze a country's quality infrastructure ecosystems and provide recommendations to design and implement reforms and enhance the capacity of their QI institutions.
Author: OECD
Publisher: OECD Publishing
ISBN: 9264014624
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 305
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Book Description
This publication analyses where and why certain non-tariff measures are being applied to traded goods that are covered by multilateral rules and disciplines, and how they continue to represent challenges for exporters and policy makers.
Author: Enrique Aldaz-Carroll
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category : Acuerdos comerciales
Languages : en
Pages : 37
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Book Description
"Developing countries face an increasing need to upgrade the standards of their domestic markets and of their exports. This paper examines different approaches available to them for upgrading their standards and conformity assessment procedures. It focuses particularly on those followed within the context of regional trade agreements (RTAs), as these are yielding promising results. Based on interviews performed in Latin America and on previous literature, the paper draws common features of a RTA standard and conformity assessment upgrading and harmonization process, identifies some of its main challenges, and suggests principles that developing countries could follow in such a process."--World Bank web site.
Author:
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 56
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Book Description
Author: Keith Eugene Maskus
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category : Administrative and Regulatory Law
Languages : en
Pages : 35
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Book Description
Abstract: Standards and technical regulations exist to protect consumer safety or to achieve other goals, such as ensuring the interoperability of telecommunications systems, for example. Standards and technical regulations can, however, raise substantially both start-up and production costs for firms. Maskus, Otsuki, and Wilson develop econometric models to provide the first estimates of the incremental production costs for firms in developing nations in conforming to standards imposed by major importing countries. They use firm-level data generated from 16 developing countries in the World Bank Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Survey Database. Their findings indicate that standards do increase short-run production costs by requiring additional inputs of labor and capital. A 1 percent increase in investment to meet compliance costs in importing countries raises variable production costs by between 0.06 and 0.13 percent, a statistically significant increase. The authors also find that the fixed costs of compliance are nontrivial-approximately.
Author: Keith Eugene Maskus
Publisher: University of Michigan Press
ISBN: 9780472112470
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 270
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Book Description
A discussion of the increasingly contentious debates over national regulations of safety and health in the international trade system
Author: Maggie Xiaoyang Chen
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category : Acceso a los mercados
Languages : en
Pages : 26
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Book Description
Standards and technical regulations are an increasingly prominent part of the international trade policy debate. In particular, there has been considerable discussion of whether standards and regulations affect trade costs and export prospects for developing countries. In this paper the authors examine how meeting foreign standards affects firms' export performance, reflected in export propensity and market diversification. The analysis draws on the World Bank Technical Barriers to Trade Survey database of 619 firms in 17 developing countries. The results indicate that technical regulations in industrial countries adversely affect firms' propensity to export in developing countries. In particular, testing procedures and lengthy inspection procedures reduce exports by 9 percent and 3 percent, respectively. Furthermore, in the model, the difference in standards across foreign countries causes diseconomy of scale for firms and affects decisions about whether to enter export markets. The empirical analysis presented here implies that standards impede exporters' market entry, reducing the likelihood of exporting to more than three markets by 7 percent. In addition, the authors find that firms that outsource components are more challenged by compliance with multiple standards.
Author: Bernard M. Hoekman
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 9780821349977
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 674
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Book Description
Publisher's description: Developing countries are increasingly confronted with the need to address trade policy related issues in international agreements, most prominently the World Trade Organization (WTO). New WTO negotiations on a broad range of subjects were launched in November 2001. Determining whether and how international trade agreements can support economic development is a major challenge. Stakeholders in developing countries must be informed on the issues and understand how their interests can be pursued through international cooperation. This handbook offers guidance on the design of trade policy reform, surveys key disciplines and the functioning of the World Trade Organization (WTO), and discusses numerous issues and options that confront developing countries in using international cooperation to improve domestic policy and obtain access to export markets. Many of the issues discussed are also relevant in the context of regional integration agreements. Separate sections of the handbook summarize what constitutes sound trade policy; the major aspects of the WTO from a development perspective; policy issues in the area of merchandise trade and the liberalization of international transactions in services; protection of intellectual property rights and economic development; new regulatory subjects that are emerging in the agenda of trade talks; and enhancing participation of developing countries in the global trading system.
