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Author: Sudharshan Canagarajah
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 56
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Book Description
Author: Sudharshan Canagarajah
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 56
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Sudharshan Canagarajah
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 50
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Book Description
Author: Sudharshan Canagarajah
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
April 1997 The rate of return to education in Ghana increases with higher education and work experience. The return for each additional year of schooling ranges from 4 to 6 percent, quite high for a Sub-Saharan African country. Private and social returns to education are greater for primary than for secondary or postsecondary education. Using the household survey and other data sources, the authors analyze returns to education and other aspects of Ghana's labor market profile from 1987 to 1991. The labor force grew slower than the population did between 1980 and 1990, but the supply of labor is expected to increase as the population of youth is expected to grow faster from 1990 to 2000. And labor force participation rates for 26- to 45-year-olds have been increasing rapidly. Over time, the average labor force participation rates of women have become equal to men's; that of children younger than 15 has remained unchanged at 38 percent. More than half of Ghana's child laborers are employed in agriculture. The formal sector's share of employment is on the decline, while the private informal sector's share has increased, especially in urban areas. Over time, the informal sector (in which most workers have a primary education or less) has absorbed more labor than the formal sector (in which most workers have middle or secondary schooling). Unemployment is pervasive in urban areas, and is less visible in rural areas. Labor productivity may not have increased and is possibly declining. Between 1987 and 1992, there was reverse migration, with many people moving from urban to rural areas, mostly for family reasons. Employment-related migration has also been on the increase. As is true elsewhere, the level of education affects participation in the labor force. Literacy rates for women are lower than those for men, which is one reason men dominate the private formal sector. The rate of return to education increases with higher education and work experience. The return for each additional year of schooling ranges from 4 percent to 6 percent in Ghana, quite high for a Sub-Saharan African country. Private and social returns to education are greater for primary than for secondary or postsecondary education. This paper--a product of Human Development 3, Africa Technical Families--is part of a larger effort in the region to analyze the links between education and employment.
Author: Sudharshan Canagarajah
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category : Educacion - Ghana
Languages : en
Pages : 73
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Book Description
Author: Ishrat Husain
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 9780821327876
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 452
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Book Description
World Bank Environment Paper 4. This survey describes the factors that affect tree cultivation and clearance by Kenyan farmers. These factors include agricultural conditions, product markets, the family life cycle, income, and changing demands for household labor--especially demands caused by labor migration. The author explains why removing structural constraints on rural land markets might reduce the incentive to start and maintain woodlots. He also details why policies that seek to create forests may conflict with programs that generate rural employment.
Author: Kwamina Panford
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN: 0313016089
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 196
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Book Description
Globalization, the return to a multi-party system of government, and the policies advocated by the IMF and the World Bank have led to near revolutionary labor relations in Ghana. As Panford shows, these new social and economic forces have unleashed new and even contradictory labor policies and practices which are having profound social, political, and economic consequences. Panford examines how the Ghana Constitution of 1992 led for the first time to new workers' rights, including the right to affiliate with any local, national, or international union. In response to globalization and policies advocated by the IMF and the World Bank, the Ghana government sought to resist worker demands for improved working and living conditions. The situation was worsened by the privatization of state-owned businesses and severe cuts in public employment. In this environment of tense labor relations, government hostility, and weak employment, Panford traces the ways workers are revitalizing unions and developing new sources of jobs and finances. These include relatively aggressive systematic organization of women, senior staff, and the informal/agricultural sector. One of the most important initiatives of the unions is the creation of a workers' trust to establish and finance worker-owned enterprises. The evidence presented by Panford indicates the failure of IMF and World Bank policies, and he calls for new and viable policy alternatives with emphasis on enhancing Ghana's global competitiveness and meeting genuine development needs. A thoughtful analysis that will be of interest to scholars and researchers involved with development and international economics, labor relations in the developing world and the increased involvement of international financial institutions.
Author: Sudharshan Canagarajah
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Børn
Languages : en
Pages : 44
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Book Description
Author: Salvatore Schiavo-Campo
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category : Administracion publica
Languages : en
Pages : 92
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Book Description
Author: Dipak Mazumdar
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 135174965X
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 260
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Book Description
This title was first published in 2002: Analyzing labour market trends in sub-Saharan Africa since 1970, this volume employs data collected from the International Labor Organization (ILO), United Nations Industrial Development Organisation (UNIDO) and World Bank (the RPED surveys). It examines the economics of the labour market against the presistent decline in real wages over some 20 years in some of these countries. Setting the African story against the background of wage-employment trends in other regions of the world, the author proceeds to examine the impact of this decline on the rural-urban earnings gap. The consequences of the declining wage levels on the lifetime earnings of workers and on trends in labour productivity are then discussed, followed by an analysis of the employment and wage structure in African manufacturing firms.
Author: Niels-Hugo Blunch
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category : Côte d'Ivoire
Languages : en
Pages : 32
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Book Description
Focusing mainly on industry has not been optimal policy in Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, and Zimbabwe. For maximum economywide growth, it would have been better to balance policies to facilitate growth in all three sectors: agriculture, industry, and services.
