Genetic Variation and the Response to Abiotic Stress in Cultivated Sunflower (helianthus Annuus L.) Seedlings PDF Download
Are you looking for read ebook online? Search for your book and save it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Download Genetic Variation and the Response to Abiotic Stress in Cultivated Sunflower (helianthus Annuus L.) Seedlings PDF full book. Access full book title Genetic Variation and the Response to Abiotic Stress in Cultivated Sunflower (helianthus Annuus L.) Seedlings by Rishi R. Masalia. Download full books in PDF and EPUB format.
Author: Rishi R. Masalia
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 292
Get Book Here
Book Description
As sessile organisms, plants are exposed to numerous environmental stresses during their lifetimes. These include challenges related to drought, salinity, and low nutrient availability, all of which can negatively impact plant growth and development and reduce crop yields. Currently, drought and nutrient limitation are offset through increased irrigation and fertilizer application, however, these agricultural inputs are environmentally, economically, and energetically costly. Moreover, irrigation can lead to soil salinization. Attention has thus turned to the development of increasingly resilient crops, but such efforts require knowledge of the mechanistic basis of variation in growth and performance under stress. Here, I describe research aimed at characterizing genetic variation underlying seedling growth traits in cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) under well-watered and water-limited (i.e., osmotic stress), as well as the phenotypic and transcriptomic response of such seedlings to multiple water-related stresses as well as nutrient limitation. Genome-wide association studies revealed that cultivated sunflower harbors substantial variation for seedling growth and root-related traits under both well-watered and water-limited conditions, with evidence that many of the significantly associated regions had consistent effects across environments. Moreover, the transcriptomic response to water-related stresses (drought, osmotic, and salt), revealed that over 30% (502/1332) of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were shared between at least two stresses, with 51 DEGs shared across all three stresses, in either leaf or root tissue. There was an overall bias toward up-regulation of DEGs, particularly in roots, and there were substantially more DEGs in roots vs. leaves. All 51 of the DEGs shared across these three stresses exhibited a common direction of response, and this pattern held for the subset of 26 DEGs that were also shared with low nutrient stress. Under nutrient stress, however, there were substantially more DEGs in leaves vs. roots, though there was a similar bias toward up-regulation. Taken together, these results add to a growing body of data on the genetic basis of phenotypic variation under stress, as well as the phenotypic and transcriptomic response of plants to a variety of abiotic stresses.
Author: Rishi R. Masalia
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 292
Get Book Here
Book Description
As sessile organisms, plants are exposed to numerous environmental stresses during their lifetimes. These include challenges related to drought, salinity, and low nutrient availability, all of which can negatively impact plant growth and development and reduce crop yields. Currently, drought and nutrient limitation are offset through increased irrigation and fertilizer application, however, these agricultural inputs are environmentally, economically, and energetically costly. Moreover, irrigation can lead to soil salinization. Attention has thus turned to the development of increasingly resilient crops, but such efforts require knowledge of the mechanistic basis of variation in growth and performance under stress. Here, I describe research aimed at characterizing genetic variation underlying seedling growth traits in cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) under well-watered and water-limited (i.e., osmotic stress), as well as the phenotypic and transcriptomic response of such seedlings to multiple water-related stresses as well as nutrient limitation. Genome-wide association studies revealed that cultivated sunflower harbors substantial variation for seedling growth and root-related traits under both well-watered and water-limited conditions, with evidence that many of the significantly associated regions had consistent effects across environments. Moreover, the transcriptomic response to water-related stresses (drought, osmotic, and salt), revealed that over 30% (502/1332) of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were shared between at least two stresses, with 51 DEGs shared across all three stresses, in either leaf or root tissue. There was an overall bias toward up-regulation of DEGs, particularly in roots, and there were substantially more DEGs in roots vs. leaves. All 51 of the DEGs shared across these three stresses exhibited a common direction of response, and this pattern held for the subset of 26 DEGs that were also shared with low nutrient stress. Under nutrient stress, however, there were substantially more DEGs in leaves vs. roots, though there was a similar bias toward up-regulation. Taken together, these results add to a growing body of data on the genetic basis of phenotypic variation under stress, as well as the phenotypic and transcriptomic response of plants to a variety of abiotic stresses.
Author: Arun Shanker
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 9535122509
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 770
Get Book Here
Book Description
The impact of global climate change on crop production has emerged as a major research priority during the past decade. Understanding abiotic stress factors such as temperature and drought tolerance and biotic stress tolerance traits such as insect pest and pathogen resistance in combination with high yield in plants is of paramount importance to counter climate change related adverse effects on the productivity of crops. In this multi-authored book, we present synthesis of information for developing strategies to combat plant stress. Our effort here is to present a judicious mixture of basic as well as applied research outlooks so as to interest workers in all areas of plant science. We trust that the information covered in this book would bridge the much-researched area of stress in plants with the much-needed information for evolving climate-ready crop cultivars to ensure food security in the future.
Author: Gwenaëlle Marchand
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 221
Get Book Here
Book Description
Drought is a major stress that affects growth, physiology and therefore yield of crops as sunflower. To become more tolerant, plants develop complex morpho-physiological responses. Various genes interacting between them and with the environment are involved in the genetic control of those responses. They form together a gene regulatory network (GRN). Here, we focused on these drought GRN, its different gene groups and their interactions in the cultivated sunflower. First, we highlighted three genes reflecting the environmental signal. From their expression we built a plant water status biomarker. Then through an association study, we built the GRN connecting drought responsive genes and we deciphered their genetic control. Finally, thanks to a systems biology approach we inferred the GRN linking regulatory and drought responsive genes. Studying this network, we examined how it could drive phenotypic changes and how it was related to Heliantus evolution and sunflower breeding.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 324
Get Book Here
Book Description
Morphological differences between high and low yielding hybrids of sunflower; A study of the morphological characters of sunflower achenes in relation to their emergence under adverse conditions; The effects of ethephon on dormant seeds of cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.); Pathways of yields elaboration in sunflower under various water stresses; The behaviour of some sunflower genotypes (Helianthus annuus L.) under various flooding regimes; Tolerance of sunflower hybrids to competition among plants; Growth analysis irrigated sunflower at two plant populations; Estimation of leaf area on sunflower plants; Photosynthesis in sunflower leaves: RUBP carboxylates properties activities and quantitative determination; Effects of defoliation during seed filling of sunflower plants; Evolution for biosynthesis during the cycle of development of sunflower, and assimilates partition among organs and constituents; The sunflower roots activity in the field; Effect of daylength in the time of inflorescence initiation and rate of post-initiation development in two early sunflower cultivars; Yield and harvest index of sunflower cultivars: influence of duration and water stress; Determination of physiological nad harvest maturity in sunflower; Effect of physiological maturation on quantitative characters of sunflower varieties and hybrids; Growth and development of sunflower in a semi-arid environment; Determination of regional strategies for sunflower production; Effect of early spring planting of sunflower on yield in Iraq; Oil content oi oilseed sunflower (Helianthus annuu L.) hybrids grown in Texas, USA; Effect of the planting date of sunflowers on the agronomic characteristics and on the quantity and quality of oil; A technique for selecting sunflower genotypes with temperature-stable linoleic acid synthesis; Water requirement of sunflower in a semi-arid environment; Effect of irrigation on water use pattern in sunflower root zone; Influence of plant population on phasic development, growth, yield and water use of irrigated sunflower in a semi-arid environment; The response of sunflower to strategies of irrigation; Salinity and sunflower agronomy in Egypt; Effect of sodium chloride on the lipid composition of sunflower oil; Nitrogen nutrition of sunflower with special reference to nitrogen stress; Effect of nutritional and cultural treatments on seed production on winter grown sunflower; The response of irrigated sunflower cultivars to nitrogen fertilizer; Studies of the uptake of soil and fertilizer nitrogen by sunflower using 15-N techniques; Interactions between moisture supply, N and P, in the performance of an open-pollinated and a hybrid sunflower variety in a semi-arid environment; Differential response to two sunflower cultivars to boron fertilization; Effect of phosphorus and nitrogen fertilization levels on the yield and oil content of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.); Pollination studies in hybrid sunflower seed production; Sunflower hollow seededness and nitrogen fertilization in relation to harvest time; Effect of achene (seed) size on subsequent growth and development of hybrid sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.); Behaviour of NS sunflower hybrids harvested at different seed moistures; Evaluation of losses in the harvesting of sunflower; Maturity and seed quality in sunflower: physiobiochemical assessment through accelerated ageing; Irrigated sunflower production from the red-brown soils of Northern Victoria; Irrigated sunflower in the Ord River Valley; Potential for pest management in sunflowers in Australia; Insect and mite pests of Queensland sunflowers; Seasonal abundance of the Rutherglen bug (Nysius vinitor) on sunflowers and weeds in N.E. Victoria; Effect of moisture stress on damage to sunflowers by Rutherglen bug (Nysius vinitor); Sunflower seed yield as influenced by pollination and insect pests; Effect6 of maldison (malathion) ULV) on sunfloer insects; Phytomelanin: development and role in hybrid resistance of Homoeosoma electellum larvae (Lepidoptera: Pyrallidae); The control of alternaria blight of sunflowers in Eastern Australia; Some factors affecting the incidence and importance of sunflower rust in Australia; Investigations into increased rust (Puccinia helianthi) intensity on some hybrid sunflower cultivars grown in Queensland; Occurrence of sunflower diseases in Portugal in the last four years (1978 - 1981); White blister and petiole blight of sunflowers caused by Albugo tragopogonis; Stemphylium sp. the agent of reddish-brown spot on sunflowers stem; Further studies on the sunflower disease caused by Diaporthe (Phomopsis) helianthi and possibilities of breeding for resistance; A leaf spot disease of sunflower caused by Septoria sp.; The distribution, and incidence of charcoal rot of sunflower in Eastern Australia; Effect os stand density on the occurrence of charcoal rot and oil yield of some sunflower hybrids; Methods of studying the reaction of some cultivars and wild species of sunflower to infection by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib) de Bary; Field inoculation of sunflower for Sclerotinia sclerotiorum basal stalk rot and virulence of isolates from various hosts; Coniothyrium minitans as a treatment for sclerotinia wilt of sunflowers; The use of high frequency microwaves on sclerotia to control inoculum of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum; Use of the enzyme-linked immunosorbest assay (Elisa) for the detection of downy mildew (Plasmopara halstedii) in sunflower; Resistance to a new race of sunflower downy mildew; A new race of Verticillium dahliae; Models for potential status of infection: some aspects of the functioning of the climate x plant x pest system; Models for potential status of infection: application to sunflower-botrytis; A model for the development of grey mould (Botrytis cinerea) in sunflower heads; Losses caused in sunflowers by birds in Hungary; Pest status of parrot species on sunflowers in northern N.S.W.; An innovation in the control of galahs, Cacatua roseicapilla, and sulphur-crested cockatoos, Cacatua galerita, in sunflower; The economics of chemical dessication and mechanical drying as methods of reducing bird damage in sunflower; Very early combine harvesting of sunflower to avoid bird depredation; Allelopathic activity of cultivated sunflowers; Post-emergence weed control in sunflower; Information concerning the effect of cultivation as a complement for weed control; Utilization of wild Helianthus annuus in germplasm development; Cluster analysis of wild Helianthus annuus accessions; Variability on oil content in seed pf Helianthus spp.; Variation in oil and quality of wild annual sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) populations in a uniform environment; Variability in the composition of higher fatty acids in oil of sunflower inbreds with different oil contents in seed; Variability in protein and amino acid contents in different sunflower inbreds; Investigations into seedset in sunflowers; Effect of isolation bags on seedset in sunflowers; Effect of stigmatic manipulation of pollination and seedset in sunflowers; The inheritance of drought tolerance in sunflower; Inheritance of plant height and leaf number in diallel crossing of sunflower inbreds; Inheritance of trichome characteristics in sunflower, Helianthus spp.; Genetic implications in transfering fertility restorer genes to a new genetic background in sunflower Helianthus annuus L.); Correlations for important agronomic characters between parent lines and F1 hybrids of sunflower; Relationships among traits of inbreds and hybrids of sunflower; Maternal and embryo effects on the oleic and linoleic acid contents of sunflower oil; Maternal and paternal effects on the oil content of cypsela in F1 seed; Genetic effect of days to flowering in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) under short day regimes; Epistatic gene action in sunflower - a caution to sunflower geneticists and breeders; Use of multivariate techniques in a breeding programme to assit selection of sunflower inbreds and hybrids; Stratified masal selection on sunflower as breeding method for synthetic varieties for forage or grain; Selection of sunflower plants containing high linoleic acid and its agronomic significance; Selection in sunflowers for resistance to Rutherglen bug (Nysius vinitor); Chemically induced mutations in sunflower; Genetic advances by mass selection in the oil percentage of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.); Performance of early maturing hybrids in Manitoba, Canada; Sunflower variety evaluation, Coonabarabran, NSW, Australia; Evaluation of sunflower hybrids in international trial plantings; Plant breeder's rights and varieties registration in France; An objective description of sunflower for varietal registration, plant variety protection and other purposes; Oil quality analyser; TBHQ in sunflower oil; Utilization of sunflower oil in making plastic fat products for edible uses by miscella interesterification process; Plant oils as a fuel for diesel engines: experiences with sunflower oil; Energy farming update: the bio-oil option?; Lysine availabity in sunflower meals for pigs and chiks; What will the market place expect from sunflower?.
Author: Jinguo Hu
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN:
Category : Gardening
Languages : en
Pages : 380
Get Book Here
Book Description
Combining traditional research with modern molecular investigations on the sunflower crop, this book expounds on the wealth of genomic research currently under investigation. Providing detailed information on genetic markers, DNA sequences, and genomic resources for both major sunflower crops (oilseed sunflower which supplies ten percent of the world's plant-derived edible oils and confection-type sunflower which constitutes a significant portion of the directly consumed snacks market), this text draws on the research of world-renowned experts to give scientists the crucial information necessary to expedite the genetic improvement of this important crop.
Author: Gillian Gomer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 38
Get Book Here
Book Description
The Leaf Economics Spectrum (LES) describes the continuous range of leaf ecophysiological strategies that plants across the globe utilize to achieve a net-positive return on their resource investment. This spectrum is measured by traits such as leaf mass per area, leaf nitrogen, and leaf lifespan. Unsuitable leaf trait combinations are selected against in nature due to a net-loss on the return of initial resource investment, while some potentially extremely effective trait combinations may not be possible due to genetic constraints. Existing genetic variation in LES traits, however, suggests the spectrum may be less rigid than previously expected. To test this, we exploit phenotypic plasticity by subjecting cultivated sunflower, Helianthus annuus, to environmental stress to generate variability in LES traits. In a greenhouse experiment, treatment groups of Helianthus were exposed to six varying intensities each of four acute stress applications: nutrient limitation, high soil salinity, heat, and simulated herbivory. Leaves formed during the onset of stress and post-stress were sampled to measure leaf traits; changes in plant fitness were estimated through total plant biomass and the time of first flowering. Results from statistical analyses show a variety of significant effects that stress applications had on plant growth and LES traits. Our findings explore the possibility of achieving off-axis LES trait combinations through salt-induced trait plasticity, and if further studies are needed to reassess the rigidity of the spectrum.
Author: Juan Ignacio Arribas
Publisher: Nova Science Publishers
ISBN: 9781631173479
Category : Sunflowers
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Get Book Here
Book Description
This book presents a broad number of recent discoveries, advances and important results concerning sunflower (Helianthus annus) crops and its related fields, with emphasis on the detailed study of several diseases and pests that can affect sunflowers (production, water resources needed, economy impact) in different regions of the globe, including Russia, both North and South America, Africa, India and Europe. We are all well aware of the increasing importance, as well as the economic impact that these plants have reached in recent years, not only in the food industry but also in the western energy market, with the increasing use of sunflower oil as a natural energy resource for biodiesel and biofuel. Apart from the interesting recent advances, results and conclusions presented in every chapter, plenty of visual and graphical content comprised of tables, charts, graphs, pictures and high quality detailed photographs and images showing different issues and problems regarding sunflower crops are also included. The manuscript chapters have been authored by experts in the field and in addition all of them underwent a stringent peer review process by expert reviewers to assure a high final scientific quality.
Author: Jaroslav Dolezel
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3527610936
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 479
Get Book Here
Book Description
Targeted at beginners as well as experienced users, this handy reference explains the benefits and uses of flow cytometery in the study of plants and their genomes. Following a brief introduction that highlights general considerations when analyzing plant cells by flow cytometric methods, the book goes on to discuss examples of application in plant genetics, genomic analysis, cell cycle analysis, marine organism analysis and breeding studies. With its list of general reading and a glossary of terms, this first reference on FCM in plants fills a real gap by providing first-hand practical hints for the growing community of plant geneticists.
Author: Muhammad Tehseen Azhar
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128221704
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 408
Get Book Here
Book Description
Wild Germplasm for Genetic Improvement in Crop Plants addresses the need for an integrated reference on a wide variety of crop plants, facilitating comparison and contrast, as well as providing relevant relationships for future research and development. The book presents the genetic and natural history value of wild relatives, covers what wild relatives exist, explores the existing knowledge regarding specific relatives and the research surrounding them and identifies knowledge gaps. As understanding the role of crop wild relatives in plant breeding expands the genetic pool for abiotic and biotic stress resistance, this is an ideal reference on this important topic. - Provides a single-volume resource to important crops for accessible comparison and research - Explores both conventional and molecular approaches to breeding for targeted traits and allows for expanded genetic variability - Guides the development of hybrids for germplasm with increased tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses
Author: Robert J. Redden
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118854330
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 395
Get Book Here
Book Description
Two major challenges to continued global food security are the ever increasing demand for food products, and the unprecedented abiotic stresses that crops face due to climate change.Wild relatives of domesticated crops serve as a reservoir of genetic material, with the potential to be used to develop new, improved varieties of crops. Crop Wild Relative and Climate Change integrates crop evolution, breeding technologies and biotechnologies, improved practices and sustainable approaches while exploring the role wild relatives could play in increasing agricultural output. Crop Wild Relative and Climate Change begins with overviews of the impacts of climate change on growing environments and the challenges that agricultural production face in coming years and decades. Chapters then explore crop evolution and the potential for crop wild relatives to contribute novel genetic resources to the breeding of more resilient and productive crops. Breeding technologies and biotechnological advances that are being used to incorporate key genetic traits of wild relatives into crop varieties are also covered. There is also a valuable discussion on the importance of conserving genetic resources to ensure continued successful crop production. A timely resource, Crop Wild Relative and Climate Change will be an invaluable resource for the crop science community for years to come.
