Author: Maria José de Oliveira Zimmermann
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Kidney bean
Languages : en
Pages : 200
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Book Description
To examine gene action controlling grain yield and harvest index of three common bean crosses in sole crop and intercrop; To examine the effect of cropping system on heritabilities of several traits and the genotypic and phenotypic correlations among them; To obtain information on heratabilities for grain yield within crosses of common bean in intercrop and sole crop; To obtain information on genetic correlations between croppin systems; To determine the value of harvest index in bean as an indirect selection criterion to improve grain yield; To examine selection responses of grain yield in both cropping systems form direct selection, indirect selection in the alternate system, and selection on the means of both systems.
Author: Di Wu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) are two crops central to indigenous America and of great global agricultural importance. However, the landraces of common bean are largely underrepresented in genebanks, and despite the importance of elements and tocochromanols to plant function and human health, there are still gaps in the understanding of the transport and accumulation of these nutrients in maize grain. Through the array of research tools offered by the field of population genomics and quantitative genetics, this dissertation works towards addressing such gaps. The genomic characterization of ~ 300 accessions of common bean from Native Seeds/SEARCH collected from southwestern US and northwestern Mexico established it as a unique and underrepresented resource that contained important genetic diversity. Five genes encoding MYB transcription factors proximal to the C locus were identified, which is a complex genomic region responsible for the primary control of seed coat patterns. An additional novel association for partial colored seed coats was identified on chromosome 10. Through genome-wide association studies (GWAS) with high density SNP set and the 1500-line Ames panel, I investigated the genetic basis of natural variation for the concentration of 11 elements in grain and identified a total of nine causal genes encoding metal chelator or transporter. Notably, two novel associations were reported between rte2 and irt1 with boron and nickel, respectively, and a potential biofortification target, nas5, was identified for both zinc and iron. Similar moderate predictive abilities (0.33-0.53) were obtained for the 11 grain elemental phenotypes with Bayesian Ridge Regression (BRR) and BayesB. However, BayesB, allowing SNPs to have large effects, had a better fit to the genetic architecture of nickel, molybdenum, and copper, thus outperforming BRR by 4-10%. Finally, through GWAS, transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS) and expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) mapping, 13 causal genes that were mostly under strong cis-regulatory control were identified to associate with tocochromanol levels in maize grain. Four genes were pinpointed to be associated with tocochromanol concentrations in maize grain, including vte5, dxs1, vte7, and samt. Overall, this dissertation demonstrates a multidisciplinary approach to characterize a unique common bean collection and the genetic control of its seed coat pattern, and provides a comprehensive assessment of the genetic basis of nutritional qualities in maize grain.
Author: Marcelino Pérez de la Vega
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319635263
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 304
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Book Description
This book provides insights into the genetics and the latest advances in genomics research on the common bean, offering a timely overview of topics that are pertinent for future developments in legume genomics. The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the most important grain legume crop for food consumption worldwide, as well as a model for legume research, and the availability of the genome sequence has completely changed the paradigm of the ongoing research on the species. Key topics covered include the numerous genetic and genomic resources, available tools, the identified genes and quantitative trait locus (QTL) identified, and there is a particular emphasis on domestication. It is a valuable resource for students and researchers interested in the genetics and genomics of the common bean and legumes in general.
Author: Lucia Lioi
Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters
ISBN: 0128064366
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 42
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Book Description
In this chapter, we lead the reader through several topics related to common bean germplasm, including crop dissemination across the Old World, landraces developed by farmers, characterization and safeguard of germplasm. These topics are attracting a great deal of attention, especially in recent years, when the international community has become increasingly aware of the relevance of safeguarding plant genetic resources. Early studies were mainly aimed at performing exploratory analyses of agro-morphological traits, with the goal of improving yield and pest resistance. Moreover, phaseolin variation was studied to check the distribution of the two common bean gene pools. The recent development of DNA-based markers has allowed significant improvement in knowledge on genetic variation within the European germplasm, as well as the capacity to trace its divergence from the American germplasm. The different strategies applied to safeguard the European germplasm are described together with their drawbacks.
Author: Jules Janick
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118061098
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 419
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Book Description
Plant Breeding Reviews is an ongoing series presenting state-of-the art review articles on research in plant genetics, especially the breeding of commercially important crops. Articles perform the valuable function of collecting, comparing, and contrasting the primary journal literature in order to form an overview of the topic. This detailed analysis bridges the gap between the specialized researcher and the broader community of plant scientists.
Author: Paul Gepts
Publisher: Springer
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 636
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Book Description
Phaseolus germplasm exploration and maintenance (Phaseolus germplasm exploration; Phaseolus seed storage methodologies; Centralized database for the common bean and its use in diversity analysis; Phaseolus world collection; Base collection of wild and botanical forms of Phaseoleae-Pheseolinae; The international Phaseolus germplasm netwook); Domestication and evoluation of Phaseolus sp. with special reference to P. vulgaris (Phaseolus in archaelogy; MOrphological, physiological, and biochemical changes in Phaseolus beans under domestication; The wild relative of Phaseolus vulgaris in middle america; Wild ancestor of Phaseolus vulgaris in South America; Phaseolus as an evolutionary marker); Genetics of Phaseolus vulgaris (Genotypic and phenotypic markers in common bean; Linkage mapping of marker genes in common bean; Genetic structure of bean landraces in Malawi; Middle american and an andrean common bean gene pool); Genetic resources, domestication, and evoluation of other cultivated Phaseolus species; Utilization of Phaseolus genetic resources (Phaseolus genetic resources and breeding in Brazil; Interspecific hybridization betmeen Phaseolus vulgaris and P. acutifolius; Selection methods in the common bean Phaseolus vulgaris; Transper of qualitative traits in wide crosses involving the common bean Phaseolus vulgaris; Utilization fo genetic resources in teh development of commercial bean cultivars in the U.S.A.
Author: Martin Weih
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2832508863
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 224
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Book Description
Author: Jeff L. Bennetzen
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9781441926692
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Maize is one of the world’s highest value crops, with a multibillion dollar annual contribution to agriculture. The great adaptability and high yields available for maize as a food, feed and forage crop have led to its current production on over 140 million hectares worldwide, with acreage continuing to grow at the expense of other crops. In terms of tons of cereal grain produced worldwide, maize has been number one for many years. Moreover, maize is expanding its contribution to non-food uses, including as a major source of ethanol as a fuel additive or fuel alternative in the US. In addition, maize has been at the center of the transgenic plant controversy, serving as the first food crop with released transgenic varieties. By 2008, maize will have its genome sequence released, providing the sequence of the first average-size plant genome (the four plant genomes that are now sequenced come from unusually tiny genomes) and of the most complex genome sequenced from any organism. Among plant science researchers, maize has the second largest and most productive research community, trailing only the Arabidopsis community in scale and significance. At the applied research and commercial improvement levels, maize has no peers in agriculture, and consists of thousands of contributors worthwhile. A comprehensive book on the biology of maize has not been published. The "Handbook of Maize: the Genetics and Genomics" center on the past, present and future of maize as a model for plant science research and crop improvement. The books include brief, focused chapters from the foremost maize experts and feature a succinct collection of informative images representing the maize germplasm collection.
Author: Jeff L. Bennetzen
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9780387778624
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 800
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Book Description
Maize is one of the world’s highest value crops, with a multibillion dollar annual contribution to agriculture. The great adaptability and high yields available for maize as a food, feed and forage crop have led to its current production on over 140 million hectares worldwide, with acreage continuing to grow at the expense of other crops. In terms of tons of cereal grain produced worldwide, maize has been number one for many years. Moreover, maize is expanding its contribution to non-food uses, including as a major source of ethanol as a fuel additive or fuel alternative in the US. In addition, maize has been at the center of the transgenic plant controversy, serving as the first food crop with released transgenic varieties. By 2008, maize will have its genome sequence released, providing the sequence of the first average-size plant genome (the four plant genomes that are now sequenced come from unusually tiny genomes) and of the most complex genome sequenced from any organism. Among plant science researchers, maize has the second largest and most productive research community, trailing only the Arabidopsis community in scale and significance. At the applied research and commercial improvement levels, maize has no peers in agriculture, and consists of thousands of contributors worthwhile. A comprehensive book on the biology of maize has not been published. The "Handbook of Maize: the Genetics and Genomics" center on the past, present and future of maize as a model for plant science research and crop improvement. The books include brief, focused chapters from the foremost maize experts and feature a succinct collection of informative images representing the maize germplasm collection.
Author: Arnel R. Hallauer
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9781441907653
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 664
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Book Description
Maize is used in an endless list of products that are directly or indirectly related to human nutrition and food security. Maize is grown in producer farms, farmers depend on genetically improved cultivars, and maize breeders develop improved maize cultivars for farmers. Nikolai I. Vavilov defined plant breeding as plant evolution directed by man. Among crops, maize is one of the most successful examples for breeder-directed evolution. Maize is a cross-pollinated species with unique and separate male and female organs allowing techniques from both self and cross-pollinated crops to be utilized. As a consequence, a diverse set of breeding methods can be utilized for the development of various maize cultivar types for all economic conditions (e.g., improved populations, inbred lines, and their hybrids for different types of markets). Maize breeding is the science of maize cultivar development. Public investment in maize breeding from 1865 to 1996 was $3 billion (Crosbie et al., 2004) and the return on investment was $260 billion as a consequence of applied maize breeding, even without full understanding of the genetic basis of heterosis. The principles of quantitative genetics have been successfully applied by maize breeders worldwide to adapt and improve germplasm sources of cultivars for very simple traits (e.g. maize flowering) and very complex ones (e.g., grain yield). For instance, genomic efforts have isolated early-maturing genes and QTL for potential MAS but very simple and low cost phenotypic efforts have caused significant and fast genetic progress across genotypes moving elite tropical and late temperate maize northward with minimal investment. Quantitative genetics has allowed the integration of pre-breeding with cultivar development by characterizing populations genetically, adapting them to places never thought of (e.g., tropical to short-seasons), improving them by all sorts of intra- and inter-population recurrent selection methods, extracting lines with more probability of success, and exploiting inbreeding and heterosis. Quantitative genetics in maize breeding has improved the odds of developing outstanding maize cultivars from genetically broad based improved populations such as B73. The inbred-hybrid concept in maize was a public sector invention 100 years ago and it is still considered one of the greatest achievements in plant breeding. Maize hybrids grown by farmers today are still produced following this methodology and there is still no limit to genetic improvement when most genes are targeted in the breeding process. Heterotic effects are unique for each hybrid and exotic genetic materials (e.g., tropical, early maturing) carry useful alleles for complex traits not present in the B73 genome just sequenced while increasing the genetic diversity of U.S. hybrids. Breeding programs based on classical quantitative genetics and selection methods will be the basis for proving theoretical approaches on breeding plans based on molecular markers. Mating designs still offer large sample sizes when compared to QTL approaches and there is still a need to successful integration of these methods. There is a need to increase the genetic diversity of maize hybrids available in the market (e.g., there is a need to increase the number of early maturing testers in the northern U.S.). Public programs can still develop new and genetically diverse products not available in industry. However, public U.S. maize breeding programs have either been discontinued or are eroding because of decreasing state and federal funding toward basic science. Future significant genetic gains in maize are dependent on the incorporation of useful and unique genetic diversity not available in industry (e.g., NDSU EarlyGEM lines). The integration of pre-breeding methods with cultivar development should enhance future breeding efforts to maintain active public breeding programs not only adapting and improving genetically broad-based germplasm but also developing unique products and training the next generation of maize breeders producing research dissertations directly linked to breeding programs. This is especially important in areas where commercial hybrids are not locally bred. More than ever public and private institutions are encouraged to cooperate in order to share breeding rights, research goals, winter nurseries, managed stress environments, and latest technology for the benefit of producing the best possible hybrids for farmers with the least cost. We have the opportunity to link both classical and modern technology for the benefit of breeding in close cooperation with industry without the need for investing in academic labs and time (e.g., industry labs take a week vs months/years in academic labs for the same work). This volume, as part of the Handbook of Plant Breeding series, aims to increase awareness of the relative value and impact of maize breeding for food, feed, and fuel security. Without breeding programs continuously developing improved germplasm, no technology can develop improved cultivars. Quantitative Genetics in Maize Breeding presents principles and data that can be applied to maximize genetic improvement of germplasm and develop superior genotypes in different crops. The topics included should be of interest of graduate students and breeders conducting research not only on breeding and selection methods but also developing pure lines and hybrid cultivars in crop species. This volume is a unique and permanent contribution to breeders, geneticists, students, policy makers, and land-grant institutions still promoting quality research in applied plant breeding as opposed to promoting grant monies and indirect costs at any short-term cost. The book is dedicated to those who envision the development of the next generation of cultivars with less need of water and inputs, with better nutrition; and with higher percentages of exotic germplasm as well as those that pursue independent research goals before searching for funding. Scientists are encouraged to use all possible breeding methodologies available (e.g., transgenics, classical breeding, MAS, and all possible combinations could be used with specific sound long and short-term goals on mind) once germplasm is chosen making wise decisions with proven and scientifically sound technologies for assisting current breeding efforts depending on the particular trait under selection. Arnel R. Hallauer is C. F. Curtiss Distinguished Professor in Agriculture (Emeritus) at Iowa State University (ISU). Dr. Hallauer has led maize-breeding research for mid-season maturity at ISU since 1958. His work has had a worldwide impact on plant-breeding programs, industry, and students and was named a member of the National Academy of Sciences. Hallauer is a native of Kansas, USA. José B. Miranda Filho is full-professor in the Department of Genetics, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz - University of São Paulo located at Piracicaba, Brazil. His research interests have emphasized development of quantitative genetic theory and its application to maize breeding. Miranda Filho is native of Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil. M.J. Carena is professor of plant sciences at North Dakota State University (NDSU). Dr. Carena has led maize-breeding research for short-season maturity at NDSU since 1999. This program is currently one the of the few public U.S. programs left integrating pre-breeding with cultivar development and training in applied maize breeding. He teaches Quantitative Genetics and Crop Breeding Techniques at NDSU. Carena is a native of Buenos Aires, Argentina. http://www.ag.ndsu.nodak.edu/plantsci/faculty/Carena.htm
