Author: Charley Eiseman
Publisher: Stackpole Books
ISBN: 0811736245
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 594
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Book Description
The first-ever reference to the sign left by insects and other North American invertebrates includes descriptions and almost 1,000 color photos of tracks, egg cases, nests, feeding signs, galls, webs, burrows, and signs of predation. Identification is made to the family level, sometimes to the genus or species. It's an invaluable guide for wildlife professionals, naturalists, students, and insect specialists.
Author: Margaret Redfern
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 116
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Book Description
A much-needed new study on plant galls growths on plants formed of plant tissue that are caused by other organisms. Most naturalists have come across oak apples, robin s pincushions, marble galls and witches brooms, a few of the more familiar examples of the strange growths that are plant galls. They are beautiful, often bizarre and colourful, and amazingly diverse in structure and in the organisms which cause them. They have been known since ancient times and have attracted superstitions and folk customs. Both the ancient Greeks and the Chinese used them in herbal medicine, and until well into the nineteenth century, they had a variety of commercial uses: important for dyeing cloth, tanning leather and for making ink. Knowledge of gall types increased during the late nineteenth century and throughout the twentieth century as more species were described and their structure became more clearly understood, and yet even today, little is known about the mechanisms that cause gall formation as well as the life cycles of the organisms that initiate gall growth. Since most galls do not cause any economic damage to crop plants, research funding has traditionally been sparse in this area. However, the insect cycles and gall structures are amazing examples of the complexity of nature. Margaret Redfern explores these fascinating complexities in this latest New Naturalist volume, providing much-needed insight into the variety of galls of different types caused by a wide range of organisms including fungi, insects and mites. She discusses the ecology of galls more generally and focuses on communities of organisms within galls, the evolution and distribution of galls, as well as human and historical perspectives."
Author: Francis Marion Webster
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Grapes
Languages : en
Pages : 16
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Author: Peter W. Price
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Gall insects
Languages : en
Pages : 232
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Author: John Conrad Moser
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Celtis
Languages : en
Pages : 104
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This bulletin describes three hackberry galls, the insects which make them, and 19 of their natural enemies in the Cayuga Valley near Ithaca, N.Y. Two galls were caused by psyllids and the third by a cecidomyiid. The taxonomy, biology, morphology, and distribution of the species are discussed. Fourteen natural enemies attacked the psyllid gall makers, and five fed on the cecidomyiid gall maker. However, no cecidomyiid parasites were found in psyllid galls, nor were natural enemies of psyllids located in cecidomyiid galls. Whereas most natural enemies attacked only gall makers, three were normally parasites of lepidopterous leaf miners of hackberry, and two fed on a wide range of insects other than those associated with hackberry. At least three parasites of the psyllid complex were secondary; two were specific to a single primary parasite, and the other fed on all primary parasites as well as the gall makers. Two natural enemies fed only on psyllid galls, but always killed the gall makers while feeding. Some parasites of psyllids fed on the gall after consuming the insects. One of the psyllid gall makers often incorporated itself in the larger gall of the other psyllid, a condition termed marginal gall. Parasites found in marginal galls were always the same as those found in the large galls, which is considered to be evidence that certain parasites were attracted not by host nymphs, but by the gall. Some primary parasites were more abundant than the others. Those whose larvae immediately fed on gall makers were more successful than other primary parasites, whose larvae began feeding after a period, of time. One new genus and four new species are described and methods of statistical separation are given for two closely related parasites.
Author: James William Helenus Trail
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Diptera
Languages : en
Pages : 46
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Author: Mary Isabel McCracken
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Gall wasps
Languages : en
Pages : 84
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Entomology
Languages : en
Pages : 342
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 462
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Author: Philo (of Alexandria.)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 456
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