Fusarium head scab of wheat (Fusarium graminearum Schwabe) PDF Download
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Author: J. Ireta M.
Publisher: CIMMYT
ISBN: 9789686923216
Category : Fungal diseases of plants
Languages : en
Pages : 34
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Book Description
Economic importance; Scab-producing organisms; Etiology; Epidemiology;Survival of the inoculum source; Types of inoculum; Inoculum production and dispersal; Hosts; Spike infection and colonization; Symptoms; Toxin production; Evaluating the disease and estimating crop losses; Disease scoring; Estimating crop losses; Controle measures; Disease resistance; Chemical control; Cultural control.
Author: J. Ireta M.
Publisher: CIMMYT
ISBN: 9789686923216
Category : Fungal diseases of plants
Languages : en
Pages : 34
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Book Description
Economic importance; Scab-producing organisms; Etiology; Epidemiology;Survival of the inoculum source; Types of inoculum; Inoculum production and dispersal; Hosts; Spike infection and colonization; Symptoms; Toxin production; Evaluating the disease and estimating crop losses; Disease scoring; Estimating crop losses; Controle measures; Disease resistance; Chemical control; Cultural control.
Author: Pravin Gautam
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
ISBN: 3640989538
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 241
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Book Description
Doctoral Thesis / Dissertation from the year 2010 in the subject Biology - Botany, grade: none, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, language: English, abstract: Fusarium head blight caused by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe is an economically important disease as it results in yield and quality losses of infected grain and the accumulation of mycotoxins produced by the invading fungus. Though it is well established that moisture around the anthesis period promotes FHB development and trichothecene accumulation, the role of moisture from anthesis to harvest has been largely overlooked. The objective of this study was to examine the influence of environmental factors, especially moisture, host resistance, and pathogen variation on infection, FHB disease development and mycotoxin production and accumulation in planta. The split-split-plot Field experiments were conducted in 2006-2008. Main plots were the duration of mist-irrigation after inoculation. Three wheat cultivars used as sub-plots were Alsen, 2375 and Wheaton. Sub-sub-plots were F. graminearum isolates. Plots were inoculated twice, at anthesis. FHB severity was assessed 21 dai. Visually scabby kernels, deoxynivalenol, 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol and nivalenol were determined on grain harvested at maturity. Additionally, in 2007 and 2008, whole heads were sampled at 0, 7, 11, 14, 21, 28 and 41 dai analyzed for mycotoxins. Severity, VSK and the DON concentration of mature grain, were significantly higher in the susceptible wheat cultivar Wheaton than in the other two cultivars examined. Although FHB severities were not significantly different in plots receiving different durations of mist irrigation, VSK were significantly lower in the treatments receiving the least amount of mist-irrigation than for treatments receiving mist-irrigation for longer periods, suggesting that extended periods of moisture promote disease development. DON was however significantly lower in the longest misting trea
Author: Kylea J. Odenbach
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Abstract: Fusarium graminearum Schwabe (teleomorph Gibberella zeae (Schwein.) Petch), is the causal agent of Fusarium head blight (FHB), a fungal disease of wheat and other small grain. This fungus produces a trichothecene mycotoxin, deoxynivalenol (DON), which accumulates in infected grain. The United States Food and Drug Administration has issued a 2 ppm advisory limit for DON in unprocessed grain intended for human consumption. In this study, the effect of host resistance, growth stage at infection, and inoculum density, as well as the interactions of these factors, were evaluated on disease measures and DON content of grain under different environmental conditions. A second study, overlaid on the first, evaluated the same effects on DON and F. graminearum colonization of grain from wheat spikes asymptomatic for FHB. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with a split-split-split plot treatment structure, with planting date (PD) as the whole plot, wheat cultivar (CV) as the sub-plot, infection time (IT) as the sub-sub plot, and inoculum density (ID) as the sub-sub-sub plot. Main effects of CV, IT, and ID were significant in both years for DON and visual measures of disease. The greatest DON levels for the two years were seen when temperatures were cool (
Author: Kurt J. Leonard
Publisher: American Phytopathological Society
ISBN:
Category : Barley
Languages : en
Pages : 544
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Book Description
The book provides a comprehensive record of current knowledge on the nature of Fusarium head blight, the damage it causes, and current research on how to control it. The book begins with a historical account of Fusarium head blight epidemics that gives context to recent attempts to control epidemics in wheat and barley. A review of pathogen taxonomy and population biology helps scientists to see relationships among head blight pathogens and other Fusarium species. The information on epidemiology included in this review also provides an understanding of the weather conditions and cultural practices that promote explosive epidemics. New information on infection processes will lead the reader to a better understanding of how to breed for resistance in wheat and barley.
Author: Harvey Jesse Dubin
Publisher: CIMMYT
ISBN: 9789686923940
Category : Fusarium head scab
Languages : en
Pages : 140
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Book Description
Author: Shuyu Liu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Wheat fusarium culmorum head blight
Languages : en
Pages : 276
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Book Description
Fusarium head blight (FHB), also called scab, mainly caused by the fungus Fusarium graminearum Schwabe [telomorph: Gibberella zeae Schw. (Petch)], is a serious disease that affects wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. and T. durum L.) and barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) in warm, humid areas of the world. Yield losses in the United States during the 1990s were close to $3.0 billion. Genetic resistance is the most effective and economical solution to the yield and quality losses, however, breeding is hindered by a lack of resistance genes. Current genetic studies and breeding programs are focusing on the Chinese cultivar 'Sumai 3' and its derivatives. 'Ernie', a soft red winter wheat cultivar, was released from the Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station in 1995. It has a high level of FHB resistance, yet the genetics of its resistance are not well understood. This research was designed to study the genetics of FHB resistance in Ernie through both molecular and conventional approaches. A set of 244 F 8 recombinant inbred lines were developed from the cross Ernie/MO 94-317. Four assessments of type II FHB resistance including spread, spread with wilt, the Fusarium head blight index (FHBI), and FHBI with wilt were made. All were highly significantly correlated with coefficients ranging from 0.699** to 0.915**. The number of effective factors for FHB resistance in Ernie was estimated as two for spread and four for FHBI. Five QTLs were identified on five different chromosomes (2B, 3B, 4BL, 5A, and 5DL) which were linked to FHBI and FHBI with wilt. The QTLs with larger effects for FHB resistance were on chromosomes 4BL, 5A, and 5DL and explained 10 to 33% of the phenotypic variation. The QTL on 5A was also associated with disease spread and spread with wilt and explained 10 to 12% of the phenotypic variation. All FHB resistant alleles were from Ernie. Multiple regression indicated that these five QTLs explained 36 to 37% of the phenotypic variation for FHBI and FHBI with wilt, respectively. Significant interactions between markers were included in the model and explained 53.8% and 43.2% of the total variation for these two traits, respectively. Based on the chromosome locations, linked markers, and the magnitude of their effects, the QTLs in Ernie differ from those in Sumai 3. Three QTLs for days to flower were identified on chromosomes 2A, 2DS, and 5B. The major QTL on 2DS explained 61.9% of the phenotypic variation. One QTL was also detected on 5AL for absence of awns. The major QTL on 2DS was common between days to flower and spike length; however, neither was common with QTLs for FHB resistance. Generation mean and variance analyses were done on six generations including the parents, F 1 (Ernie/MO 94-317), BC 1 (F 1 /Ernie), BC 2 (F 1 /MO 94-317), and the F 2 . Additive effects were the major effects for both spread and FHBI. Broad-sense heritability estimates for the F 2 were 78.2% and 78.3% for spread and FHBI, respectively, while the narrow-sense heritabilities were 51.3% and 55.4%, respectively. Because of the additivity of these genetic effects, we concluded that pyramiding the genes from Ernie with those from other sources of resistance should enhance the level of FHB resistance in wheat.
Author: Yang Zhuping
Publisher: CIMMYT
ISBN: 9789686923223
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 24
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Book Description
Author: Teresa M. Alconada Magliano
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 940077091X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 311
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Book Description
Fusarium head blight (FHB) on small-grain cereals is one of the most devastating diseases. Several species can cause head blight, though Fusarium graminearum is the predominant pathogen in most regions. F. graminearum is one of the most intensively studied fungal plant pathogens. This book presents the current state of knowledge regarding mycological aspects that make wheat-Fusarium interaction, such as hyphal growth, morphogenesis in germinating spores, visualization of enzymatic hydrolysis, production of mycotoxins, inhibition of the hyphal growth by antagonist microorganisms, use of natural substances or by modification of the host resistance, as well as genetic analysis and expression of genes that regulate the infection. Fungal ecology and epidemiology will also be discussed. Just as the analysis of environmental requirements for the establishment of the disease, the use of forecasts of disease risk with meteorological base and integrated management and control. This book includes the study of disease in Latin America, therefore will be of interest to researchers who are working on the issue, as for those who are interested in knowing about the disease.
Author: Mary Wanjiru Wanyoike
Publisher:
ISBN: 9783861864097
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 139
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Book Description
Author: John F. Leslie
Publisher: CABI
ISBN: 1845930827
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 496
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Book Description
This book is an outcome of the MycoGlobe conference in Accra. Most of the chapters are based on invited oral presentations made at the conference. The chapters in this book touch on issues including health, trade, ecology, epidemiology, occurrence, detection, management, awareness and policy. This book serves as a source of information on the occurrence and impact of mycotoxins on everything from trade and health to agricultural production in addition to suggesting opportunities for their management in Africa and elsewhere by researchers, policy makers and development investors.
