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Author: Adam Strozek
Publisher: diplom.de
ISBN: 3836636549
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 89
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Book Description
Inhaltsangabe:Introduction: Transport is a key factor in modern economies. There are an estimated 31.5 million road goods vehicles running on Europe s motorways each year, which are coping with a steadily increasing amount of goods transported. Although these vehicles are crucial to guarantee the ubiquitous goods availability we are used to, and to assure the flexibility of European industry, they are also part of mankind s most pressing current problems. For instance, the emission of greenhouse gases, i.e. carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (NO2), hydrofluorocarbons (HFC), perfluorocarbons (PFC) and sulphur hexafluoride (SF6), due to fuel combustion in goods transport constitutes about 20 per cent of overall greenhouse gas emission and is only outnumbered by emissions of the energy industry. Overall decrease of these contaminants shall be, of course, one of the main objectives in the long-term, but in particular within urban agglomerations it is also of great interest to decrease local emission levels as a first sep. Changing over to less carbon-intensive fuels can reduce local carbon dioxide and other emissions, even if the well-to-wheel emission level does not improve notably. Apart from the emission problem, nearly 99% of the overall fuel consumption in transport is provided by fossil fuels and therefore competing for the finite crude oil resources with other industries, in particular the energy industry. There are many different forecasts of how long world s oil reserves will last, but independently of these estimations it is undeniable that they will end sometime. Hence, it is the second vital transport-related challenge to make it independent from fossil energy resources by developing and introducing renewable fuels, complying technologies to run them and a reliable infrastructure to distribute them. Although there are still many problems to solve regarding technical issues, many viable solutions for running vehicles by other means than diesel and gasoline are already available. However, the biggest problem seems to be the distribution. Since vehicles and fueling infrastructure are complementarities, most customers do not use these vehicles because they can not refill them properly, and fuel companies do not introduce new fuel stations due to a lack of customers, that would use them. Consequently the main challenge currently is to break through this chicken-egg problem and build up a fuel distribution network, which [...]
Author: Adam Strozek
Publisher: diplom.de
ISBN: 3836636549
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 89
Get Book Here
Book Description
Inhaltsangabe:Introduction: Transport is a key factor in modern economies. There are an estimated 31.5 million road goods vehicles running on Europe s motorways each year, which are coping with a steadily increasing amount of goods transported. Although these vehicles are crucial to guarantee the ubiquitous goods availability we are used to, and to assure the flexibility of European industry, they are also part of mankind s most pressing current problems. For instance, the emission of greenhouse gases, i.e. carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (NO2), hydrofluorocarbons (HFC), perfluorocarbons (PFC) and sulphur hexafluoride (SF6), due to fuel combustion in goods transport constitutes about 20 per cent of overall greenhouse gas emission and is only outnumbered by emissions of the energy industry. Overall decrease of these contaminants shall be, of course, one of the main objectives in the long-term, but in particular within urban agglomerations it is also of great interest to decrease local emission levels as a first sep. Changing over to less carbon-intensive fuels can reduce local carbon dioxide and other emissions, even if the well-to-wheel emission level does not improve notably. Apart from the emission problem, nearly 99% of the overall fuel consumption in transport is provided by fossil fuels and therefore competing for the finite crude oil resources with other industries, in particular the energy industry. There are many different forecasts of how long world s oil reserves will last, but independently of these estimations it is undeniable that they will end sometime. Hence, it is the second vital transport-related challenge to make it independent from fossil energy resources by developing and introducing renewable fuels, complying technologies to run them and a reliable infrastructure to distribute them. Although there are still many problems to solve regarding technical issues, many viable solutions for running vehicles by other means than diesel and gasoline are already available. However, the biggest problem seems to be the distribution. Since vehicles and fueling infrastructure are complementarities, most customers do not use these vehicles because they can not refill them properly, and fuel companies do not introduce new fuel stations due to a lack of customers, that would use them. Consequently the main challenge currently is to break through this chicken-egg problem and build up a fuel distribution network, which [...]
Author: David M. Oaks
Publisher: Rand Corporation
ISBN: 0833046667
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 64
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Book Description
This document describes a study done for the U.S. Army Combined Arms Support Command (CASCOM) to assess future needs for temporary petroleum pipeline structure. At the time this work was begun, the Army was weighing further development of a new pipeline capability, the Rapidly Installed Fuel Transfer System (RIFTS), and also conducting its normal cycle of future force structure planning. This project reviewed historical uses of temporary pipelines and surveyed future scenarios in order to develop a broad list of potential pipeline requirements. Next, against this list of likely requirements, the performance of several fuel distribution options -- including existing and planned pipeline units and equipment, new pipeline options, and the use of trucks -- was assessed across a variety of performance dimensions. The analytic results pointed to no clearly best choice. Instead, the preferred course of action is very sensitive to the decisionmaker's assessment of the environment and weighting among the importance of the different performance dimensions. A decision-support table to help the decisionmaker with this assessment is provided along with supplementary recommendations on near-term investment of reset funds and the reallocation of personnel within existing petroleum pipeline unit designs. The findings in this document should be of interest to those engaged with future Army logistics support force structure requirements.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Gas distribution
Languages : en
Pages : 234
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Book Description
Author: Havard Devold
Publisher: Lulu.com
ISBN: 1105538648
Category : Gas fields
Languages : en
Pages : 84
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Book Description
Author: Pramod Paliwal
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 0429942931
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 188
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Book Description
The natural gas business consists of two major aspects, sourcing and transportation, and distribution has been a growing area of interest to industry, government and academia. With the emphasis on promoting natural gas sector, there is an increasing need to have a well documented book that deals with the business issues, particularly the transportation and distribution of this sector, specifically aimed at petroleum engineers and professionals. This book fills this gap to provide structured material that deals with managerial and regulatory aspects with an applied technical perspective wherever needed.
Author: Kimberly A. Weaver
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Logistics
Languages : en
Pages : 29
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Book Description
Petroleum is the largest class of supply by volume transported on the battlefield and also one of the most critical logistical operations to execute In addition to providing fuel where it is needed, when it is needed and in the volume it is needed, any viable bulk petroleum support concept must incorporate the principles of standardization, flexibility, and inter-operability. Considering the war fighting forces' emphasis upon speed, mobility, and agility the Inland Petroleum Distribution System (IPDS) is the most effective method of providing bulk petroleum available today. However, without improvements in its design, capacity and inter-operability, the ability of IPDS to meet future demands of fuel distribution for the total force is questionable. This paper discusses logistics transformation initiatives in the Army Strategic Logistics Plan (ASLP), service responsibilities for bulk petroleum support in general and, specifically the IPDS. It evaluates how effectively IPDS' incorporates the principles of standardization, flexibility and inter-operability, discusses the advantages and disadvantages of IPDS in this new strategic environment and also looks at a new bulk petroleum distribution system currently under development, the Rapidly Installed Fuel Transfer System (RIFTS).
Author: German Reyes
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 212
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Book Description
Bio-fuels have gained much attention over the last decade. However, most of the research efforts have been focused on improving the quality and increasing the productivity of bio-fuels, and there have been minimal attempts to develop research on the supply and delivery issues of these sources. We believe that the viability of biofuels is strongly related to the efficiency of the distribution networks. Therefore, in this research we present an optimization model and its application to an infrastructure for bio-fuels distribution network. Unlike other studies on the topic acknowledging the fact that traditional sources of fuel (i.e. petroleum) will not readily disappear from the competitive landscape, we focus on the dynamic nature of how the "new" and "old" energy sources may ultimately co-exist by adjusting their geographic product offerings based on production and transportation costs. To handle the uncertain demands of bio-fuels, we adopt the concept of stochastic programming. The presented model also considers two different modes of transportation with heterogeneous fleet size. The applicability of the optimization model is demonstrated in the case study of Bio-fuels distribution network in the Southwestern United States. The results demonstrate that the model is a practical and flexible tool in solving realistic distribution planning problem of bio-fuels.
Author: United States. General Accounting Office
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Gas, distribution
Languages : en
Pages : 28
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Book Description
Author: Sunetra Chowdhury
Publisher: IET
ISBN: 1849190143
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 321
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Book Description
Microgrids and Active Distribution Networks offer a potential solution for sustainable, energy-efficient power supply to cater for increasing load growth, supplying power to remote areas, generation of clean power and reduction in emission of greenhouse gases & particulates as per Kyoto protocol.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Distribution of fuel is considered from a supply point to the secondary conversion sites and ultimate end users. All distribution is intracity with the maximum distance between the supply point and end-use site generally considered to be 15 mi. The fuels discussed are: coal or coal-like solids, methanol, No. 2 fuel oil, No. 6 fuel oil, high-Btu gas, medium-Btu gas, and low-Btu gas. Although the fuel state, i.e., gas, liquid, etc., can have a major impact on the distribution system, the source of these fuels (e.g., naturally-occurring or coal-derived) does not. Single-source, single-termination point and single-source, multi-termination point systems for liquid, gaseous, and solid fuel distribution are considered. Transport modes and the fuels associated with each mode are: by truck - coal, methanol, No. 2 fuel oil, and No. 6 fuel oil; and by pipeline - coal, methane, No. 2 fuel oil, No. 6 oil, high-Btu gas, medium-Btu gas, and low-Btu gas. Data provided for each distribution system include component makeup and initial costs.
