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Author: Nan Dou
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Food insecurity (FI) is prevalent globally and contributes to the adverse psychosocial or mental health outcomes. Vulnerable populations, such as immigrants, racial/ethnical minorities, and low-income adults are particularly vulnerable to food inequalities. FI is dynamically changed over time, and chronic or transitory FI may pose different challenges on mental health. Previous studies have extensively examined the associations between chronic FI and mental health in general or certain population groups. However, the universal existence and the directionality of the relations of FI and mental health are less learned in the vulnerable populations. In addition, the underlying pathways of how chronic or transitory FI influences mental outcomes are not clear. The goal of our first study was to determine if the relations of FI and adverse mental health universally exist in immigrant populations. Using repeated cross-sectional Gallup World Poll data from 2014-2019, the study accessed the prevalence of FI, mental wellbeing, and their associations among immigrants, as well as to compare the FI-mental wellbeing associations in immigrants and non-immigrants globally and by region. A total of 36,313 immigrants and 705,913 non-immigrants were included. Individual-level FI was measured with the FI Experience Scale. Mental wellbeing was assessed with the Negative Experience Index (NEI) and Positive Experience Index (PEI). A community attachment index was used to measure the living environment. The weighted proportion of any FI among global immigrants was 38.6% during 2014-2019. Compared to the food secure referent, FI was dose-responsively associated with greater NEI (coefficient [95%CI]: mild: 11.6 [10.8, 12.4], moderate: 19.2 [18.1, 20.2], and severe: 27.3 [26.1, 28.5], p-trend 0.01) and lower PEI (mild: -8.2 [-9.0, -7.4], moderate: -11.4 [-12.4, -10.9], and severe: -15.5 [-16.6, -14.4], p-trend
Author: Nan Dou
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Get Book Here
Book Description
Food insecurity (FI) is prevalent globally and contributes to the adverse psychosocial or mental health outcomes. Vulnerable populations, such as immigrants, racial/ethnical minorities, and low-income adults are particularly vulnerable to food inequalities. FI is dynamically changed over time, and chronic or transitory FI may pose different challenges on mental health. Previous studies have extensively examined the associations between chronic FI and mental health in general or certain population groups. However, the universal existence and the directionality of the relations of FI and mental health are less learned in the vulnerable populations. In addition, the underlying pathways of how chronic or transitory FI influences mental outcomes are not clear. The goal of our first study was to determine if the relations of FI and adverse mental health universally exist in immigrant populations. Using repeated cross-sectional Gallup World Poll data from 2014-2019, the study accessed the prevalence of FI, mental wellbeing, and their associations among immigrants, as well as to compare the FI-mental wellbeing associations in immigrants and non-immigrants globally and by region. A total of 36,313 immigrants and 705,913 non-immigrants were included. Individual-level FI was measured with the FI Experience Scale. Mental wellbeing was assessed with the Negative Experience Index (NEI) and Positive Experience Index (PEI). A community attachment index was used to measure the living environment. The weighted proportion of any FI among global immigrants was 38.6% during 2014-2019. Compared to the food secure referent, FI was dose-responsively associated with greater NEI (coefficient [95%CI]: mild: 11.6 [10.8, 12.4], moderate: 19.2 [18.1, 20.2], and severe: 27.3 [26.1, 28.5], p-trend 0.01) and lower PEI (mild: -8.2 [-9.0, -7.4], moderate: -11.4 [-12.4, -10.9], and severe: -15.5 [-16.6, -14.4], p-trend
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309452961
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 583
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Book Description
In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.
Author: Heather Eicher-Miller
Publisher: MDPI
ISBN: 3039435876
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 172
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Book Description
Food insecurity and low resources continue to be a burden influencing the health, well-being, growth, and development of millions of U.S. children and adults. Groups and individuals experiencing restrained access to food are our neighbors, individuals we may see each day, and individuals who we may not interact with or see because of their isolated situations. They include the elderly, those experiencing mental illness, veterans, certain race/ethnic groups, adolescents, young women with children, those living in rural areas, and those using food pantries, among others. Many of these groups, both hidden and visible, have rates of food insecurity above the national average that are resistant to national improvements in food security. Yet, attention to these subsets of the population is imperative to improve U.S. health and nutrition and to reduce rates of chronic disease. Many groups face specific barriers to maintaining sufficient food, for example, rural populations may find it difficult to access federal food assistance or other resources such as food pantries and nutrition education because of distance or lack of consistent internet access separating them from these resources. Further, their remote locations may make it difficult to obtain the types of foods that they prefer. Other specific barriers may include limited facilities and equipment for food preparation, access to culturally appropriate foods and preparation supplies, and foods that complement the foods that they already have. Tailored approaches to quantify access to food, the nutrition environment, dietary intake, and other barriers are necessary to build successful interventions and to quantify the needs of these populations.
Author: Michael T. Compton
Publisher: American Psychiatric Pub
ISBN: 1585625175
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 296
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Book Description
The Social Determinants of Mental Health aims to fill the gap that exists in the psychiatric, scholarly, and policy-related literature on the social determinants of mental health: those factors stemming from where we learn, play, live, work, and age that impact our overall mental health and well-being. The editors and an impressive roster of chapter authors from diverse scholarly backgrounds provide detailed information on topics such as discrimination and social exclusion; adverse early life experiences; poor education; unemployment, underemployment, and job insecurity; income inequality, poverty, and neighborhood deprivation; food insecurity; poor housing quality and housing instability; adverse features of the built environment; and poor access to mental health care. This thought-provoking book offers many beneficial features for clinicians and public health professionals: Clinical vignettes are included, designed to make the content accessible to readers who are primarily clinicians and also to demonstrate the practical, individual-level applicability of the subject matter for those who typically work at the public health, population, and/or policy level. Policy implications are discussed throughout, designed to make the content accessible to readers who work primarily at the public health or population level and also to demonstrate the policy relevance of the subject matter for those who typically work at the clinical level. All chapters include five to six key points that focus on the most important content, helping to both prepare the reader with a brief overview of the chapter's main points and reinforce the "take-away" messages afterward. In addition to the main body of the book, which focuses on selected individual social determinants of mental health, the volume includes an in-depth overview that summarizes the editors' and their colleagues' conceptualization, as well as a final chapter coauthored by Dr. David Satcher, 16th Surgeon General of the United States, that serves as a "Call to Action," offering specific actions that can be taken by both clinicians and policymakers to address the social determinants of mental health. The editors have succeeded in the difficult task of balancing the individual/clinical/patient perspective and the population/public health/community point of view, while underscoring the need for both groups to work in a unified way to address the inequities in twenty-first century America. The Social Determinants of Mental Health gives readers the tools to understand and act to improve mental health and reduce risk for mental illnesses for individuals and communities. Students preparing for the Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) will also benefit from this book, as the MCAT in 2015 will test applicants' knowledge of social determinants of health. The social determinants of mental health are not distinct from the social determinants of physical health, although they deserve special emphasis given the prevalence and burden of poor mental health.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309287715
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 67
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Book Description
Over the past four decades, the rate of incarceration in the United States has skyrocketed to unprecedented heights, both historically and in comparison to that of other developed nations. At far higher rates than the general population, those in or entering U.S. jails and prisons are prone to many health problems. This is a problem not just for them, but also for the communities from which they come and to which, in nearly all cases, they will return. Health and Incarceration is the summary of a workshop jointly sponsored by the National Academy of Sciences(NAS) Committee on Law and Justice and the Institute of Medicine(IOM) Board on Health and Select Populations in December 2012. Academics, practitioners, state officials, and nongovernmental organization representatives from the fields of healthcare, prisoner advocacy, and corrections reviewed what is known about these health issues and what appear to be the best opportunities to improve healthcare for those who are now or will be incarcerated. The workshop was designed as a roundtable with brief presentations from 16 experts and time for group discussion. Health and Incarceration reviews what is known about the health of incarcerated individuals, the healthcare they receive, and effects of incarceration on public health. This report identifies opportunities to improve healthcare for these populations and provides a platform for visions of how the world of incarceration health can be a better place.
Author: Rosalie Garner
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781536102635
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 105
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Book Description
The U.S Department of Agriculture (USDA) defines food insecurity as "uncertainty of having, or unable to acquire enough food to meet the needs of their members because of insufficient money or other resources for food at times during the year". This book discusses patterns, prevalence and risk factors of food insecurity. Chapter One synthesizes the current literature on the prevalence, contributing factors and, the consequences of food insecurity in the United States; and presents a model framework to demonstrate the intersection of these consequences with health in vulnerable populations, as well as the implications for primary health care. Chapter Two explores why it is important for healthcare professionals to learn about food insecurity. Chapter Three commences with a brief description of the concepts and measurements of food insecurity, and presents the burden of food insecurity among the general population, and among HIV- infected, and HIV-affected populations. Chapter Four studies markets, methods, and options for improving safety and supply security of artisanally fished omena in Lake Victoria in Kenya.
Author: Rochelle Alyssa Butler
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Food habits
Languages : en
Pages : 155
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Book Description
This study contributes to a growing body of research in counseling, public health, and psychology that examines how features within neighborhoods affect mental health. The environment in which their clients live directly affects services that counselors provide. Mental health discussions often center at the individual level, but mental health significantly impacts communities a whole. Therefore, the presence of mental health problems in individuals will affect the wider community at varying societal levels. Geographic information Systems, (GIS) will be used to determine which features of built environment associated food insecurity impact mental health and where the correlations between mental health and food insecurity are strongest. The proximity of features defining food insecurity will be used to identify areas that may be vulnerable to mental health issues. The study's research questions will examine conditions of the neighborhood's built food environment that impact mental health and in turn increase allostatic load. The hypotheses of this study assert that positive food choices and a healthy neighborhood food environment will have a positive linear relationship with mental health. The results of this study will increase the use of the geographic information systems within counseling research; inform counselors and policymakers the impact of social determinants on mental health and identify vulnerable geographic subgroups. Counselors and decision makers may choose to use information and findings from this study to develop population-specific interventions.
Author: National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780309685061
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
The decade ahead will test the nation's nearly 4 million nurses in new and complex ways. Nurses live and work at the intersection of health, education, and communities. Nurses work in a wide array of settings and practice at a range of professional levels. They are often the first and most frequent line of contact with people of all backgrounds and experiences seeking care and they represent the largest of the health care professions. A nation cannot fully thrive until everyone - no matter who they are, where they live, or how much money they make - can live their healthiest possible life, and helping people live their healthiest life is and has always been the essential role of nurses. Nurses have a critical role to play in achieving the goal of health equity, but they need robust education, supportive work environments, and autonomy. Accordingly, at the request of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, on behalf of the National Academy of Medicine, an ad hoc committee under the auspices of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine conducted a study aimed at envisioning and charting a path forward for the nursing profession to help reduce inequities in people's ability to achieve their full health potential. The ultimate goal is the achievement of health equity in the United States built on strengthened nursing capacity and expertise. By leveraging these attributes, nursing will help to create and contribute comprehensively to equitable public health and health care systems that are designed to work for everyone. The Future of Nursing 2020-2030: Charting a Path to Achieve Health Equity explores how nurses can work to reduce health disparities and promote equity, while keeping costs at bay, utilizing technology, and maintaining patient and family-focused care into 2030. This work builds on the foundation set out by The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health (2011) report.
Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN: 9251309426
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 73
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Book Description
A review of 120 studies published since 2006 was undertaken to examine the relationship between food insecurity at the household or individual level and the following nutrition indicators: child stunting, child wasting, low birth weight, exclusive breastfeeding of infants < 6 months of age, anaemia in women of reproductive age, child overweight and adult obesity. While there is some evidence of a direct association between food insecurity and stunting for children in lower-middle and upper-middle income countries, evidence of links between food insecurity and either child wasting or overweight is almost absent, with the exception of an association with overweight among girls in middle- and high-income countries. The obesity–food insecurity link is most predominant among women in high-income countries, while it is almost absent in men. In addition, food insecurity increases the risk for low birth weight in infants and anaemia in women. Methodological concerns that pose challenges for valid comparison of results relate to study design, data analysis techniques, use of different indicators of household/individual food security and malnutrition, and the limited availability of high-quality micro-level data from large-scale surveys. Most studies report correlation rather than causal associations between food insecurity and nutrition indicators; longitudinal micro-level data from large-scale surveys can help establish causal association and capture the dynamic nature of food insecurity. Food insecurity emerges as a predictor of undernutrition as well as overweight and obesity, highlighting the need for multisectoral strategies and policies to combat food insecurity and multiple forms of malnutrition.
Author: Angela Richard-Eaglin
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 0323987702
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 209
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Book Description
In this issue of Nursing Clinics of North America, guest editor and Certified Professional Cultural Intelligence I&II and Unconscious Bias Facilitator & Coach Dr. Angela Richard-Eaglin brings her considerable expertise to the topic of Vulnerable Populations. Conditions that compound and further compromise health outcomes for vulnerable, marginalized, and stigmatized populations have existed historically and continue to exist. Clinicians may not be aware of the additional circumstances that must be considered when caring for individuals from vulnerable populations. In this issue, top experts focus on information, strategies, and interventions that health care providers can apply in academic and clinical settings. Contains 14 practice-oriented topics including health equity: integrating determinants of health in nursing curricula; vaccine stigma in the Black community; impact of structural racism on health equity and health outcomes; lived experiences of Black and Hispanic senior women: changes in social support needs and sources of social support during the COVID-19 pandemic; opioid overuse among marginalized populations; and more. Provides in-depth clinical reviews on vulnerable populations, offering actionable insights for clinical practice. Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field. Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create clinically significant, topic-based reviews.
