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Author: C. Edmund Clingan
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN: 0313095299
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 270
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Book Description
Germany's ability to support its war machine financially has long puzzled scholars. The young nation had exhausted itself paying for its loss in the First World War, had suffered a hyperinflation in the early 1920s, and had ended the 1920s with a terrible economic depression. This is the first book in any language to examine the budget policies of the middle years of the Weimar Republic and to look at how these policies changed the politics of the time. It is also the first work to support the government's aggressive use of deficit spending and fiscal stimuli to promote economic growth. Some findings even indicate that the German government could have used creative financial solutions to avoid the worst of the Depression and to avert the Nazi regime. Clingan explores the changes and continuities in fiscal policy and budget-making politics, beginning in the last years of the Wilhelmine Empire and continuing into the 1930s. Although this is a story about money, it is also a story about men. Very few in Nazi Germany understood the intricacies of fiscal policy and budget making, and political parties tended to follow the lead of those who did. Clingan combines their personal stories with the tale of a country still growing into its economic power and still trying to learn both its limits and its strengths.
Author: C. Edmund Clingan
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN: 0313095299
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 270
Get Book Here
Book Description
Germany's ability to support its war machine financially has long puzzled scholars. The young nation had exhausted itself paying for its loss in the First World War, had suffered a hyperinflation in the early 1920s, and had ended the 1920s with a terrible economic depression. This is the first book in any language to examine the budget policies of the middle years of the Weimar Republic and to look at how these policies changed the politics of the time. It is also the first work to support the government's aggressive use of deficit spending and fiscal stimuli to promote economic growth. Some findings even indicate that the German government could have used creative financial solutions to avoid the worst of the Depression and to avert the Nazi regime. Clingan explores the changes and continuities in fiscal policy and budget-making politics, beginning in the last years of the Wilhelmine Empire and continuing into the 1930s. Although this is a story about money, it is also a story about men. Very few in Nazi Germany understood the intricacies of fiscal policy and budget making, and political parties tended to follow the lead of those who did. Clingan combines their personal stories with the tale of a country still growing into its economic power and still trying to learn both its limits and its strengths.
Author: Stephen G. Gross
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1316432440
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 500
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Book Description
German imperialism in Europe evokes images of military aggression and ethnic cleansing. Yet, even under the Third Reich, Germans deployed more subtle forms of influence that can be called soft power or informal imperialism. Stephen G. Gross examines how, between 1918 and 1941, German businessmen and academics turned their nation - an economic wreck after World War I - into the single largest trading partner with the Balkan states, their primary source for development aid and their diplomatic patron. Building on traditions from the 1890s and working through transnational trade fairs, chambers of commerce, educational exchange programmes and development projects, Germans collaborated with Croatians, Serbians and Romanians to create a continental bloc, and to exclude Jews from commerce. By gaining access to critical resources during a global depression, the proponents of soft power enabled Hitler to militarise the German economy and helped make the Third Reich's territorial conquests after 1939 economically possible.
Author: Edmund C. Clingan
Publisher: Lexington Books
ISBN: 0739136437
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 182
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Book Description
For the first time in any language, a book examines the life of Hans Luther, the German statesman whose career began at the tail end of the Second Empire and ended in the postwar years. Luther had a front-row seat for World War I, the Revolution of 1918, the Great Inflation, the Great Depression, and the rise of the Third Reich-serving as Hitler's first ambassador to the United States. C. Edmund Clingan chronicles the life of this controversial German politician, diplomat, and banker. Luther served as mayor of Essen during the Revolution of 1918, the Kapp Putsch, and the occupation of the Ruhr Valley by the French. Rising rapidly in the political ranks, he served as finance minister and then, briefly, as chancellor in 1925 and 1926. Many criticized his policies as president of the Reichsbank during the Great Depression. Adolf Hitler then appointed Luther to serve as ambassador to the United States. After being recalled to Germany in 1937, Luther retired from politics until after World War II, when he served the Federal Republic well into the 1950s.
Author: Geoff Layton
Publisher: Hodder Education
ISBN: 144415074X
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 421
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Book Description
About the series The Access to History series is the most popular and trusted series for advanced level history students, offering: - Authoritative, engaging and accessible content - Comprehensive coverage of the History AS and A level specifications - Design features, study guides and web support to help students achieve exam success. About the book Endorsed by Edexcel, this title combines content from From Bismarck to Hitler 1890-1933 with Germany: The Third Reich to provide coherent and comprehensive coverage of Edexcel's A2 Unit 3 'From Kaiser to Fuhrer: Germany 1900-1945'. It charts the developments in Germany from 1900-1945 including an examination of: - the Second Reich: society and governent 1900-1919 - the democratic experiment 1919-29 - the rise of the Nazis - life in wartime Germany 1939-45 Throughout the book, key dates, terms and issues are highlighted, and historical interpretations of key debates are outlined. Summary diagrams are included to consolidate knowledge and understanding of the period, and exam-style questions and tips written by an examiner provide the opportunity to develop exam skills
Author: William Young
Publisher: iUniverse
ISBN: 0595407064
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 408
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Book Description
Examines the continuity of German Foreign Office influence in the forumlation of foreign policy under the leadership of Otto von Bismarck (1862-1890), Kaiser William II (1888-1918), the Weimar Republic (1919-1933), and Adolf Hitler (1933-1945)
Author: Benjamin Carter Hett
Publisher: Henry Holt and Company
ISBN: 1250162513
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 304
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Book Description
A riveting account of how the Nazi Party came to power and how the failures of the Weimar Republic and the shortsightedness of German politicians allowed it to happen. Why did democracy fall apart so quickly and completely in Germany in the 1930s? How did a democratic government allow Adolf Hitler to seize power? In The Death of Democracy, Benjamin Carter Hett answers these questions, and the story he tells has disturbing resonances for our own time. To say that Hitler was elected is too simple. He would never have come to power if Germany’s leading politicians had not responded to a spate of populist insurgencies by trying to co-opt him, a strategy that backed them into a corner from which the only way out was to bring the Nazis in. Hett lays bare the misguided confidence of conservative politicians who believed that Hitler and his followers would willingly support them, not recognizing that their efforts to use the Nazis actually played into Hitler’s hands. They had willingly given him the tools to turn Germany into a vicious dictatorship. Benjamin Carter Hett is a leading scholar of twentieth-century Germany and a gifted storyteller whose portraits of these feckless politicians show how fragile democracy can be when those in power do not respect it. He offers a powerful lesson for today, when democracy once again finds itself embattled and the siren song of strongmen sounds ever louder.
Author: C. Edmund Clingan
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN: 0739171151
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 165
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Book Description
The larger issue of defining hegemony and dominance has gained a greater importance over the last dozen years. Whether addressed explicitly or implicitly, it is the issue that lies behind the many recent books on international relations. The ongoing "financial crisis" has given these issues new urgency. This book provides new and startling evidence drawn from foreign exchange markets and capital flow statistics. They demonstrate that the problem dates back to the end of 2000 and has been driven by political events as much as structural economic issues. Combined with the development of a structural energy problem, the financial problem generated a global economic crisis that has not ended. In Twilight's Last Gleaming, Edmund Clingan uses economic measurements to establish measures of political and military power. Clingan examines the changes in these measurements over the last two hundred years to establish how international power relations have been affected by changes in economic power. He considers the factors that contribute to and detract from economic power. Using these quantitative measures, he provides consistent definitions of "dominance" and "hegemony" that should become commonly used and contribute to more precise discourse in history and political science. These tools uncover the deeper issues behind the current problems of the United States.
Author: Edmund Clingan
Publisher: iUniverse
ISBN: 1462054390
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 328
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Book Description
Over the past 250 years, Europe and the United States have changed from simple societies into complex, densely-populated, industrial powerhouses. Th s book explains how it happened in clear language intended for the general reader. Each chapter includes a timeline, key terms and persons, and web-based sources of writings from the time. "We may be through with the past, but the past is not through with us."
Author: Edmund Clingan
Publisher: iUniverse
ISBN: 1475993420
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 261
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Book Description
Revolution was the common theme as the world changed between the years 1770 and 1870. This book goes from the Battle of Golden Hill, where the first American blood was spilled fighting against the British, to the Meiji Restoration in Japan and Unification of Germany. Topics include the Enlightenment, the American and French Revolutions, Napoleon, Latin American Independence, Industrial Revolution, turmoil in the Muslim world, Shaka Zulu, Liberalism and Nationalism, the founding of Australia, Western-Asian conflicts, Napoleon III, and nation-state building in Italy, Japan, Germany, Canada, and the U.S. Everyone interested in the origins of revolutions and their consequences should read this book.
Author: Philip F. Riley
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN: 0313001065
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 222
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Book Description
Midway through his reign, in the critical decade of the 1680s, the lusty image of Louis XIV paled and was replaced by that of a straitlaced monarch committed to locking up blasphemers, debtors, gamblers, and prostitutes in wretched, foul-smelling prisons that dispensed ample doses of Catholic-Reformation virtue. The author demonstrates how this attack on sin expressed the punitive social policy of the French Catholic Reformation and how Louis's actions clarified the legal and moral distinctions between crime and sin. As a hot-blooded young prince, Louis XIV paid little attention to virtue or to sin and, despite his cherished title of God's Most Christian King, violations of God's Sixth and Ninth Commandments never troubled him. Indeed, for the first two decades of his reign, he paraded a stream of royal mistresses before all of Europe and fathered sixteen illegitimate children. Yet, midway through his reign, in the critical decade of the 1680s, the lusty image of Louis XIV paled and was replaced by that of a straitlaced monarch committed to locking up blasphemers, debtors, gamblers, and prostitutes in wretched, foul-smelling prisons that dispensed ample doses of Catholic-Reformation virtue. Using police and prison archives, administrative correspondence, memoirs, and letters, Riley describes the formation of Louis's narrow conscience and his efforts to safeguard his subjects' souls by attacking sin and infusing his kingdom with virtue, especially in Paris and at Versailles. Throughout his attack on sin, women--so-called Soldiers of Satan--were the special targets of the police. By the seventeenth century, fornication and adultery had become exclusively female crimes; men guilty of these sins were rarely punished as severely. Although unsuccessful, Louis's attack on sin clarified the legal and moral distinctions between crime and sin as well as the futility of enforcing a religiously inspired social policy on an irreverent, secular-minded France.
