Field and Laboratory Studies of Nitrous Oxide Production in Soils PDF Download
Are you looking for read ebook online? Search for your book and save it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Download Field and Laboratory Studies of Nitrous Oxide Production in Soils PDF full book. Access full book title Field and Laboratory Studies of Nitrous Oxide Production in Soils by Richard Lyman Cates. Download full books in PDF and EPUB format.
Author: Richard Lyman Cates
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Nitrous oxide
Languages : en
Pages : 626
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Richard Lyman Cates
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Nitrous oxide
Languages : en
Pages : 626
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: John E. Rogers
Publisher: ASM Press
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 316
Get Book Here
Book Description
This volume reviews current data on the relationship between microbial processes and the synthesis and degradation of methane, nitrogen oxides and halomethanes in the environment.
Author: Ganesh Subramaniam
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Air
Languages : en
Pages : 208
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: David Ussiri
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400753640
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 391
Get Book Here
Book Description
Nitrous oxide gas is a long-lived relatively active greenhouse gas (GHG) with an atmospheric lifetime of approximately 120 years, and heat trapping effects about 310 times more powerful than carbon dioxide per molecule basis. It contributes about 6% of observed global warming. Nitrous oxide is not only a potent GHG, but it also plays a significant role in the depletion of stratospheric ozone. This book describes the anthropogenic sources of N2O with major emphasis on agricultural activities. It summarizes an overview of global cycling of N and the role of nitrous oxide on global warming and ozone depletion, and then focus on major source, soil borne nitrous oxide emissions. The spatial-temporal variation of soil nitrous oxide fluxes and underlying biogeochemical processes are described, as well as approaches to quantify fluxes of N2O from soils. Mitigation strategies to reduce the emissions, especially from agricultural soils, and fertilizer nitrogen sources are described in detail in the latter part of the book.
Author: Namratha Pulla Reddy Gari
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781303711824
Category : Carbon dioxide
Languages : en
Pages : 132
Get Book Here
Book Description
Soil salinization and greenhouse gas emissions are major global environmental concerns. The extent of salinization and associated negative effects on soils and crop yields make the reclamation of these soils an international priority. With increasing interest in the use of organic amendments for remediating salt-affected soils, it is important to investigate their interactive effects on soil biogeochemical processes including greenhouse gas emissions, particularly carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and nitrous oxide (N2 O). The objectives of this dissertation are to: 1) evaluate the effects of soil salinity, temperature, and carbon availability from organic amendments on CO2 , N 2 O, and N2 emissions; 2) determine the effect of changes in salinity and temperature on soil mineral N concentration from salt-affected soils following organic amendment applications; and 3) determine whether CO 2 and N2 O emissions under field conditions were comparable qualitatively to those observed in the laboratory incubation studies. Organic amendments used in this research included: active greenwaste (AGW), cured greenwaste compost (CGW), active dairy manure (ADM), and cured dairy manure compost (CDM). The methods used in this research included monitoring CO 2 and N2 O emissions, estimating N2 emissions using acetylene block technique, and analysis of soil mineral N concentrations in the laboratory and field studies. Results from laboratory incubations showed that increases in soil salinity enhanced cumulative N2 O-N losses but decreased cumulative CO2 -C and N2 emissions and N2 to N2 O-N ratios. Increases in soil temperatures greatly enhanced cumulative CO2 -C, N2 O-N, and N 2 emissions and ratios of N2 to N2 O-N from all treatments. In the field, results validated the laboratory findings that active organic materials, particularly AGW, reduced N2 O emissions compared to cured amendments. In general, dairy manure amendments produced higher N2 O emissions relative to the greenwaste treatments. In both laboratory and field studies, soils amended with greenwaste materials had lower soil nitrate concentrations compared to those treated with dairy manure amendments. Overall, this work showed that soil salinization resulted in greater N 2 O emissions following organic amendment applications. Nitrous oxide emissions are dependent on climatic conditions (e.g., precipitation and temperature), soil properties (e.g., electrical conductivity, microbial respiration, and nitrate concentration), organic amendment properties (e.g., feedstock and processing stage), and their interactions.
Author: M. O. Andreae
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 376
Get Book Here
Book Description
Microbiological basic of NO and N2O production and consumption in soil; Factors controlling NOx emissions from soils; Control of methane production in terrestrial ecosystems; Biological sinks of methane; What regulates production and consumption of trace gases in ecosystems: biology or physicochemistry?; Regional extrapolation of trace gas flux based on soil and ecosystems; Regional extrapolation: Vegetation-atmosphere approach; Global-scale extrapolation: a critical assessment; Aircraft-based measurements of trace gas fluxes; Extrapolation of flux measurements to regional and global scales; Chamber and isotop techniques; Micrometeorological techniques for the measurement of trace gas exchange; Methane flux measurements: methods and results; Fluxes of NOx abovesoil and vegetation; What are the relative roles of biological production, micrometeorology, and photochemistry in controlling the flux of trace gases between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere?; Atmospheric deposition and nutrient cycling; Global climate and trace gas composition: from atmospheric history to the century; Experimental design for studying atmosphere interactions; Trace gas exchange and phsical climate: Critical interactions; Research priorities for studies on trace gas exchange.
Author:
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461386128
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 235
Get Book Here
Book Description
The world needs for food and fiber continue to increase. Population growth in the developing countries peaked at 2. 4 percent a year in 1965, and has fallen to about 2. 1 percent. However, in many developing countries almost half the people are under 15 years of age, poised to enter their productive and reproductive years. The challenges to produce enough food for this growing population will remain great. Even more challenging is growing the food in the areas of greatest need. Presently the world has great surpluses of food and fiber in some areas while there are devastating deficiencies in other areas. Economic conditions and the lack of suitable infrastructure for distribution all too often limit the alleviation of hunger even when there are adequate supplies, sometimes even within the country itself. World hunger can only be solved in the long run by increasing crop production in the areas where the population is growing most rapidly. This will require increased efforts of both the developed and developing countries. Much of the technology that is so successful for crop production in the developed countries cannot be utilized directly in the developing countries. Many of the principles, however, can and must be adapted to the conditions, both physical and economic, of the developing countries.
Author: G. P. Robertson
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN: 0195120833
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 481
Get Book Here
Book Description
The goal of the volume is to facilitate cross-site synthesis and evaluation of ecosystem processes. The book is the first broadly based compendium of standardized soil measurement methods and will be an invaluable resource for ecologists, agronomists, and soil scientists."--BOOK JACKET.
Author: Lewis L. Goodroad
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Nitrification
Languages : en
Pages : 328
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Leanne Ejack
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Get Book Here
Book Description
"Many farmers apply manure in the fall (autumn season), but without an actively growing crop in the ground, the nitrogen (N) in the manure is susceptible to over-winter losses. Periods of freeze-thaw cycling can exacerbate N losses by stimulating soil microbes to transform reactive substrates like soil mineral N into nitrous oxide (N2O), a potent greenhouse gas. The uptake of reactive N from fall-applied manure by a fall-sown cover crop may reduce over-winter N losses. The objective of my research was to investigate the effect of combining fall manure application with cover cropping on soil N dynamics over winter and during periods of freeze-thaw cycling under field and laboratory conditions. I also examined the relationship between N2O production and reactive soil substrate concentrations. The field experiment was a full factorial in a randomized complete block design with three manure treatments (none, liquid, solid) and four cover crop types (no cover crop, 100% ryegrass [Lolium multiflorum Lam.], a 75% ryegrass/25% hairy vetch [Vicia villosa Roth] mixture and a 50% ryegrass/50% vetch mixture). The experiment was established at two field sites in Québec, Canada. A partial N mass balance (g N m-2) was calculated in fall (sum of the fall soil N stock to 0.15 m depth, N in fall-applied manure, and N in cover crop biomass) and in spring (sum of the spring soil N stock to 0.15 m depth and N in the winter-killed cover crop) for each treatment combination. After terminating the cover crop, spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was planted, and each main plot was split into two subplots that received either 100 kg N ha-1 urea fertilizer or no fertilizer. Wheat samples were taken at tillering, flowering, and maturity to determine N content. Final yield was also measured. Cover crops were not effective at retaining manure N (≤7% uptake) and there was no difference in the fall and spring N balance among the manure and non-manure plots. Residual N was not supplied from fall-applied manure to the spring wheat in the next growing season, and average wheat yields were 11–14% less in the subplots that received no spring N fertilizer than those that received 100 kg N ha-1. In the laboratory, pots with 280–285 g soil received four N fertilizer treatments (none, liquid manure, solid manure, urea), with or without an annual ryegrass cover crop. The pots were exposed to 0, 1, 2, or 3 simulated freeze-thaw cycles (FTCs) at -4 to +4°C. The N2O production was measured at 0, 3, 6 and 9 h for each FTC, then pots were destructively sampled to determine the soil mineral N concentration. There was no difference in N2O production among the treatment combinations across all FTCs, but the pots that received urea or liquid manure had the highest soil mineral N concentration. The cover crop had minimal effect on the soil mineral N concentration. Soil mineral N explained approximately 14% of the variation in N2O production. Pots that underwent FTCs had a remarkable 937–1000% increase in N2O production compared to unfrozen pots. This suggests that N2O-producing microbial activity occurred in the frozen soils at -4oC, causing N2O to accumulate under ice and be released when the soils thawed at 4oC, mostly within the first 3 h. The results of both the field and laboratory studies suggests that microbial N transformations do not stop during the winter months, leading to substantial losses of N in fertilized soils during the non-growing season in cold humid temperate regions"--
