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Author: Shuichirou Ike
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 0429595751
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 363
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Book Description
With the collapse of Demographic Transition Theory, new theories of population must not just be explanations, but should be falsifiable theories which can compute the number of occurrences of marriages and births. This book reviews computable marriage and birth function using dynamic properties. To do that, the functions are defined in high dimensional space. The reaction-diffusion equation of the number of children in a space is applied to these phenomena, providing solutions to many problems concerning a decline in fertility. The functions are developed as stochastic maps based on the present behaviors of successive behaviors in a geographical space. As we assume that there is an inter-dependence of human behaviors, we use the law of dynamics concerning the function of marriage and birth. The exact mathematical definition of interactions in a space naturally implies a causal relation. For the function concerning the number of children of parents, two geographical-dimensional spaces are required. The decline in fertility in Belgium due to different languages is explained, and the longer fertility period in Brittany is explained by the Laplacian of the diffusion equation. Depending on the degree of symbolic control over behaviors, we need to add the degree of the dimension of the space. For the marriage function, we add age as a biological dimension to the geographical space. In this higher dimensional space, the mapping from neighboring present marriages to neighboring successive marriages is no less than that of the marriage function. These chain reactions caused the baby boom as an exothermal reaction-diffusion. Birth functions require one to add the marriage-age dimension to two geographical and age dimensions so that it is a five dimensional hypersurface. It can, thus, determine birth probabilities of a female who married at a certain age. The phenomenon of modern fertility decline may only be the result of these chain reactions. These processes are solely dependent upon time-space, and not on socioeconomic conditions. This is the very reason why we are able to predict it mathematically. The book provides a new thinking in fertility decline for demographic research. Readers need to be aware that the fertility decline experienced throughout the modern era is a spatial pattern formation (as a reaction-diffusion). The author hopes new mathematical applications in human activities are developed through these new models.
Author: Shuichirou Ike
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 0429595751
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 363
Get Book Here
Book Description
With the collapse of Demographic Transition Theory, new theories of population must not just be explanations, but should be falsifiable theories which can compute the number of occurrences of marriages and births. This book reviews computable marriage and birth function using dynamic properties. To do that, the functions are defined in high dimensional space. The reaction-diffusion equation of the number of children in a space is applied to these phenomena, providing solutions to many problems concerning a decline in fertility. The functions are developed as stochastic maps based on the present behaviors of successive behaviors in a geographical space. As we assume that there is an inter-dependence of human behaviors, we use the law of dynamics concerning the function of marriage and birth. The exact mathematical definition of interactions in a space naturally implies a causal relation. For the function concerning the number of children of parents, two geographical-dimensional spaces are required. The decline in fertility in Belgium due to different languages is explained, and the longer fertility period in Brittany is explained by the Laplacian of the diffusion equation. Depending on the degree of symbolic control over behaviors, we need to add the degree of the dimension of the space. For the marriage function, we add age as a biological dimension to the geographical space. In this higher dimensional space, the mapping from neighboring present marriages to neighboring successive marriages is no less than that of the marriage function. These chain reactions caused the baby boom as an exothermal reaction-diffusion. Birth functions require one to add the marriage-age dimension to two geographical and age dimensions so that it is a five dimensional hypersurface. It can, thus, determine birth probabilities of a female who married at a certain age. The phenomenon of modern fertility decline may only be the result of these chain reactions. These processes are solely dependent upon time-space, and not on socioeconomic conditions. This is the very reason why we are able to predict it mathematically. The book provides a new thinking in fertility decline for demographic research. Readers need to be aware that the fertility decline experienced throughout the modern era is a spatial pattern formation (as a reaction-diffusion). The author hopes new mathematical applications in human activities are developed through these new models.
Author: Shuichirou Ike
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 4431551514
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 113
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Book Description
In this book the author maintains that fertility declines independently of its “background”. Normally, fertility decline is thought to occur as a result of alteration in the socioeconomic background such as the decline of the infant mortality rate, urbanization, the level of literacy, and so on. This point of view has been regarded as equivalent to “demographic transition”. However, the concept of demographic transition is so superficial, naïve and unscientific that it should be applied merely to the ostensible demographic phenomena, not to the mechanisms of fertility decline. The author regards this way of thinking, i.e., that the occurrence of fertility decline is dependent on socioeconomic background, as the “background dependence” of fertility decline. On the contrary, there is considerable counterevidence to the background dependence of fertility decline. The argument is made that background dependence lacks positive evidence and predictability and consequently, is falsifiable. That decisive counterevidence is introduced in this book. The author revives the diffusion hypothesis of fertility decline at the point of the number of children per couple as the reaction–diffusion process in a mathematical equation. Fertility decline in Europe in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries occurred as a reaction–diffusion process independent of socioeconomic background. In Japan as well, fertility (the number of children per couple) declined independently of background. This book provides ample evidences persuasively demonstrating this independence of fertility in Japan. The occurrence of marriage is also independent of socioeconomic background. Thus the author formalizes the marriage function as an integral equation of marriage probability, as a result, it demonstrates a better fit with the observed data than does any other marriage function. Occurrence of marriage is almost solely dependent on the density of marriages that occur in a given subspace.
Author: Rajiv Balakrishnan
Publisher: Pearson Education India
ISBN: 9788131720684
Category : Basic needs
Languages : en
Pages : 296
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Book Description
Author: V.C. Pandey
Publisher: Gyan Publishing House
ISBN: 9788182051768
Category : Population
Languages : en
Pages : 320
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Book Description
It includes all relevant information regarding different areas of population education, deals with population concepts, its used and importance, its historical development and present situation, population growth and explosion, pilot activist in the area, and its introduction in school. A compact book.
Author: W.T.S. Gould
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1317638581
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 237
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Book Description
The new edition of Population and Development offers an up-to-date perspective on one of the critical issues at the heart of the problems of development for all countries, and especially those that seek to implement major economic and social change: the reflexive relationships between a country’s population and its development. How does population size, distribution, age structure and skill base affect development patterns and prospects? How has global development been affected by regional population change? Retaining the structure of the well-received first edition, the book has been substantially revised and updated. The opening chapters of the book establish the theoretical and historical basis for examining the basic reflexive relationship, with exploration of the Malthusian perspective and its critics to examine how population change affects development, and exploration of the Demographic Transition Model and its critics to examine how, why and to what extent development drives population change. These are followed by empirically rich chapters on each of the main components of population change – mortality, fertility, internal and international migration, age structures and skill base – each elaborating key ideas with detailed and contrasting case studies from all regions of the developing world. There are concluding and more integrative discussions on population policies and global population futures. Bringing together Population Studies, Development Studies and Geography, the new edition of Population and Development is a key resource for undergraduate and postgraduate students across a range of programmes with specialist modules on population change. There is a large bibliography, with major new sections identifying a wide range of online resources for further study. Each chapter contains a reading guide with discussion questions. The text is enlivened by a number of case studies from around the world, most of which are new or have been substantially revised. Written by a leading international scholar in population, the book successfully integrates cutting-edge academic research with the focus and efforts of international development agencies.
Author: Thomas Henry Silcock
Publisher: Univ of California Press
ISBN:
Category : Malaya
Languages : en
Pages : 324
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Book Description
Author: United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Foreign Operations and Related Agencies (1981-1987)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Economic assistance, American
Languages : en
Pages : 720
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Book Description
Author: Zhongwei Zhao
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1351373455
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 581
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Book Description
Home to close to 60 per cent of the world’s population, Asia is the largest and by far the most populous continent. It is also extremely diverse, physically and culturally. Asian countries and regions have their own distinctive histories, cultural traditions, religious beliefs and political systems, and they have often pursued different routes to development. Asian populations also present a striking array of demographic characteristics and stages of demographic transition. This handbook is the first to provide a comprehensive study of population change across the whole of Asia. Comprising 28 chapters by more than 40 international experts this handbook examines demographic transitions on the continent, their considerable variations, their causes and consequences, and their relationships with a wide range of social, economic, political and cultural processes. Major topics covered include: population studies and sources of demographic data; historical demography; family planning and fertility decline; sex preferences; mortality changes; causes of death; HIV/AIDS; population distribution and migration; urbanization; marriage and family; human capital and labour force; population ageing; demographic dividends; political demography; population and environment; and Asia’s demographic future. This handbook provides an authoritative and comprehensive reference for researchers, policymakers, academics, students and anyone who is interested in population change in Asia and the world.
Author: Leonard Bacon
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 514
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Book Description
Author: John Iliffe
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1108191088
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 421
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Book Description
In a vast and all-embracing study of Africa, from the origins of mankind to the present day, John Iliffe refocuses its history on the peopling of an environmentally hostile continent. Africans have been pioneers struggling against disease and nature, but during the last century their inherited culture has interacted with medical progress to produce the most rapid population growth the world has ever seen. This new edition incorporates genetic and linguistic findings, throwing light on early African history and summarises research that has transformed the study of the Atlantic slave trade. It also examines the consequences of a rapidly growing youthful population, the hopeful but uncertain democratisation and economic recovery of the early twenty-first century, the containment of the AIDS epidemic and the turmoil within Islam that has produced the Arab Spring. Africans: The History of a Continent is thus a single story binding modern men and women to their earliest human ancestors.
