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Author: Mahadeva Mahendran
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780864433978
Category : Roofing, Iron and steel
Languages : en
Pages : 23
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Book Description
Currently two different fatigue tests, the DABM test and the TR440 test, are being used in the cyclone prone areas to assess the fatigue susceptibility of roof claddings. This is because the recent TR440 test has not been accepted in the Northern Territory. In order to remedy this unacceptable situation, an extensive research programme was carried out at James Cook University to review the adequacy of these standard fatigue tests. This research programme involved wind tunnel investigations to develop a fatigue wind loading spectrum representing a design cyclone, and structural testing of roof claddings to simulated cyclonic wind forces and standard fatigue test loadings. The design cyclonic wind loading developed in the form of a matrix of number of wind loading cycles for various load levels was applied to roof claddings by a random block load testing method using a servo-controlled hydraulic testing machine in the structures laboratory. Two major groups of roofing profiles, namely the corrugated roofing and the trapezoidal roofing, were included in the investigation. Same roof claddings were also subjected to the standard TR440 test. This report describes the fatigue behaviour of roof claddings when they were subjected to the random block loading tests and the TR440 tests. A few excursions of loading during the random block load test was found to cause significant fatigue damage on corrugated roofing, but caused the reverse effect on trapezoidal roofing. The observation on corrugated roofing was attributed to the dimpling of crests at the fastener holes due to the few excursions of loading. The contrasting behaviour of trapezoidal roofing was due to the membrane action at the crests. Details on the contrasting behaviour, and all the test results are presented in the report. Comparison of the fatigue performance of roof cladding under random block load tests and TR440 tests was used to decide on the adequacy of the latter tests in simulating the cyclonic wind forces. It appeared that the TR440 test is unconservative for corrugated roofing profiles whereas it is conservative for trapezoidal profiles, mainly due to the contrasting behaviour. Fatigue behaviour of these roof claddings appears to be much more complicated than anticipated. Thus the task of assessing the adequacy of the standard fatigue tests or if necessary, developing a new fatigue test for all the cyclone prone areas, has become complicated. This report discusses the implications of this to the building industry, and suggests interim recommendations to resolve the current conflict over the duplicative fatigue testing.
Author: Mahadeva Mahendran
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780864433978
Category : Roofing, Iron and steel
Languages : en
Pages : 23
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Book Description
Currently two different fatigue tests, the DABM test and the TR440 test, are being used in the cyclone prone areas to assess the fatigue susceptibility of roof claddings. This is because the recent TR440 test has not been accepted in the Northern Territory. In order to remedy this unacceptable situation, an extensive research programme was carried out at James Cook University to review the adequacy of these standard fatigue tests. This research programme involved wind tunnel investigations to develop a fatigue wind loading spectrum representing a design cyclone, and structural testing of roof claddings to simulated cyclonic wind forces and standard fatigue test loadings. The design cyclonic wind loading developed in the form of a matrix of number of wind loading cycles for various load levels was applied to roof claddings by a random block load testing method using a servo-controlled hydraulic testing machine in the structures laboratory. Two major groups of roofing profiles, namely the corrugated roofing and the trapezoidal roofing, were included in the investigation. Same roof claddings were also subjected to the standard TR440 test. This report describes the fatigue behaviour of roof claddings when they were subjected to the random block loading tests and the TR440 tests. A few excursions of loading during the random block load test was found to cause significant fatigue damage on corrugated roofing, but caused the reverse effect on trapezoidal roofing. The observation on corrugated roofing was attributed to the dimpling of crests at the fastener holes due to the few excursions of loading. The contrasting behaviour of trapezoidal roofing was due to the membrane action at the crests. Details on the contrasting behaviour, and all the test results are presented in the report. Comparison of the fatigue performance of roof cladding under random block load tests and TR440 tests was used to decide on the adequacy of the latter tests in simulating the cyclonic wind forces. It appeared that the TR440 test is unconservative for corrugated roofing profiles whereas it is conservative for trapezoidal profiles, mainly due to the contrasting behaviour. Fatigue behaviour of these roof claddings appears to be much more complicated than anticipated. Thus the task of assessing the adequacy of the standard fatigue tests or if necessary, developing a new fatigue test for all the cyclone prone areas, has become complicated. This report discusses the implications of this to the building industry, and suggests interim recommendations to resolve the current conflict over the duplicative fatigue testing.
Author: Mahadeva Mahendran
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780868568706
Category : Roofing, Iron and steel
Languages : en
Pages : 21
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Book Description
Author: Mahadeva Mahendran
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780868568553
Category : Roofing, Iron and steel
Languages : en
Pages : 24
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Book Description
Author: Mahadeva Mahendran
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780864433961
Category : Roofing
Languages : en
Pages : 27
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Book Description
Extensive damage to light gauge metal roof claddings during cyclone Tracy led to the introduction of fatigue testing of roof claddings. Currently two different fatigue tests, the DABM test (1976) and the TR440 test (1978), are being used in the cyclone prone areas because the Northern Territory has continued to require the DABM test even after the introduction of TR440 test. This is an unacceptable situation, and thus an extensive research programme was carried out at James Cook University to review the adequacy of these standard fatigue tests. This research programme involved wind tunnel investigations to develop a fatigue wind loading spectrum representing a design cyclone, and structural testing of roof claddings under simulated cyclonic wind forces and standard fatigue test loadings. The design cyclonic wind loading developed in the form of a matrix of number of wind loading cycles for various load levels was applied to roof claddings by a random block load testing method. This experimental simulation of cyclonic wind forces was carried out using a servo-controlled hydraulic testing machine in the structures laboratory. A computer fed with the random block loading data controlled the tests. The required results on the design cyclonic wind forces derived from the wind tunnel investigation are presented first in this report, which then describes how the design cyclonic wind forces were simulated on roof claddings using the random block load testing method. The report also describes the suitability of this method for experimental simulation of cyclonic wind forces on roof claddings.
Author: M. Mahendran
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Climatology
Languages : en
Pages : 7
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Book Description
During an investigation on thin steel roof claddings under simulated cyclonic wind loading, it was found that trapezoidal roof claddings behaved quite differently to corrugated (arc and tangent type) roof claddings due to the presence of overload cycles. The overload cycles caused a reduction in fatigue life for corrugated roofing whereas the reverse occurred for trapezoidal roofing. This contrasting behavior of the two crest-fixed roof claddings was investigated using small scale roofing models instead of the commonly used large scale two-span roof claddings. It was found that overload cycles formed a weaker locally dimpled mechanism around the fastener holes of corrugated roofing and thus accelerated the fatigue-caused pull-through failure. In contrast, a stronger deformed shape was formed in trapezoidal roofing which delayed the pull-through failure. Both laboratory testing and finite element analysis of small scale models were used to study the contrasting behavior of roof claddings.
Author: P. Mäkeläinen
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080549438
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 895
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Book Description
ICSAS '99 - The Fourth International Conference on Steel and Aluminium Structures was a sequel to ICSAS '87 held in Cardiff, UK, to ICSAS '91 held in Singapore and to ICSAS '95 held in Istanbul, Turkey. The objective of the conference was to provide a forum for the discussion of recent findings and developments in the design and construction of various types of steel and aluminium structures. The conference was concerned with the analysis, modelling and design of light-weight or slender structures in which the primary material is structural steel, stainless or aluminium. The structural analysis papers presented at the conference cover both static and dynamic behaviour, instability behaviour and long-term behaviour under hygrothermal effects. The results of the latest research and development of some new structural products were also presented at the conference. A total of 76 papers and 30 posters were presented at the conference by participants from 36 countries in all 6 continents.
Author: You Lin Xu
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780864434562
Category : Building, Stormproof
Languages : en
Pages : 54
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Book Description
A series of static tests was performed on three types of light gauge steel roofing sheets to investigate effects of sheeting profiles on roofing structural behaviour under simulated wind uplift. The considered sheeting profiles were arc-tangent, trapezoidal and ribbed, and an alternate (or equivalent alternate) sheeting crest fastening system was adopted. Different roofing spans and sheeting thicknesses were included in the tests, and the effect of cyclone washers on static performance of the roofing sheets was estimated. The experimental results show that the roof sheeting behaviour under wind uplift was greatly dependent on the sheeting profiles. The shape and height of screw fastened crests affected limit values of initial failure or ultimate strength of the roofing sheets. The use of cyclone washers reduced local plastic deformation around the screw fasteners at the central support and, in general, increased the slope of load-deflection curves and failure strength. Increasing of roofing span slightly reduced the limit values of reaction force per fastener, but the allowable wind pressure still should be decreased. The use of thicker roofing sheets enhanced the roofing static failure strength and sometimes changed the roofing failure modes. The midspan load method which has been used in roof sheeting tests was also examined in this project. The measured load-fastener reaction force curves showed that two-span continuous simply supported beam assumption was reasonable in most cases. However, during large cross-sectional distortion or large local plastic deformation, such assumption was not satisfactory. The experimental results obtained by using two types of midspan loading pads indicated that the effect of loading pad surface on initial failure strength of the roofing sheets was considerable.
Author: You Lin Xu
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780864434937
Category : Building, Stormproof
Languages : en
Pages : 57
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Book Description
Characteristics of wind loads associated with static or dynamic design of buildings and structures have been extensively investigated in the last two or three decades. The subject of wind-related fatigue design, however, has not been thoroughly explored to date. Only limited knowledge exists in fatigue characteristics of wind loads, particularly in the case of wind loads on low-rise buildings. This report therefore presents a study of wind-induced fatigue loading on roof cladding of low-rise buildings. The study uses the roof pressures measured on the Texas Tech University Building in the field. Spectra, probability distributions and extreme value distributions of the roof pressures at critical locations are analysed to determine stochastic properties of the pressures. It is found that all the concerned roof pressures could not be modelled as a narrow-band Gaussian process. The rainflow method is therefore used to count load cycles instead of the upcrossing method. Load cycle histograms of the pressures exhibit fatigue characteristics of the pressure itself, and they are closely related to stochastic properties of the pressure. Total load cycle distributions are then computed using load cycle histograms in consideration of long-term effects of wind climate. The results show that the total load cycle distribution in temperate regions is significantly different from that in tropical cyclone regions, and the total number of cycles is dependent on the parameters associated with the description of wind climate. Probability analysis shows that as far as cycle mean levels are concerned, most cycles in the total load cycle distribution are concentrated in a certain area. The statistical average of the cycle mean levels for a given cycle range is suggested as an equivalent mean level for this cycle range so that the resulting fatigue test procedure of roof cladding becomes practical. Finally, the present results are compared with the load cycle distributions currently used in Australia and Europe. A number of comments has been made with respect to fatigue design criteria, wind regions, distributions of cycle ranges and numbers of cycles.
Author: Xiang-Lin Gu
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9819933625
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 962
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Book Description
This book is a compilation of selected papers from the 6th International Conference on Smart Monitoring, Assessment and Rehabilitation of Civil Structures (SMAR 2022). The work focuses on the state-of-the-practice and recent advances in testing and monitoring technology, in structural modeling and assessment methods, and in the application of advanced materials for structural rehabilitation. The contents make valuable contributions to international professors, research scientists, professional engineers, postdoctoral fellows and postgraduate students.
Author: Mahadeva Mahendran
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780864433145
Category : Roofing, Iron and steel
Languages : en
Pages : 122
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Book Description
