Fabrication and Characterization of Inverted Type Organic Solar Cells with Nano-structure PDF Download
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 142
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 142
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Author: Liang Wang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Energy conversion
Languages : en
Pages : 124
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Author: Ruozhu Duan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 79
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Book Description
Organic solar cells (OSCs) offer the advantages of low fabrication cost, light weight and flexibility. Current research in this field has focused on increasing the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic solar cells beyond 5%, as well as improving long term stability and further reducing the fabrication cost. Key issues related to OSC technology include improving the processes of dissociation of photo induced excitons (bound electron-hole pairs), reducing charge recombination and transport losses, and better utilization of the sunlight spectrum. This project represents an effort to assess the feasibility of a new type of Photovoltaics (PV) device structure, namely nanodipole photovoltaics, in the case organic semiconducting host materials. The basic principle of nanodipole PV is based on the idea that the electric field of nanoparticles with uncompensated electric dipoles, which are dispersed in a photoconductor host material, can be used to replace the built-in electric field of p-n or other junctions in conventional PV devices. Thus, nanodipole PV devices can be considered junctionless and they employ active media that are comprised of nanocomposite materials. As part of the project, a process for the fabrication of P3HT:PCBM bulk-heterojunction (BH) solar cell structures was developed, following published information on the topic. As a next step, processes for the fabrication of nanocomposites of P3HT and P3HT: PCBM with commercially acquired nanoparticles of ZnO and BaTiO3 were developed. Thin film of these nanocomposites with various nanoparticles loading levels were fabricated by spin coating on glass and conducting transparent glass substrates. Metal back contacts were deposited to form back contacts for electrical and PV characterization. The films were also characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and spectrophotometry and a study on external-voltage nanodipole alignment in P3HT: ZnO composites were performed. The main results from the project can be summarized in the following. Basic BH P3HT: PCBM device structures, fabricated as a result of this work, showed typical PCE values of 0.9% or slightly above, which is considered adequate for the purposes of this project and in view of equipment and other limitations faced. The introduction of BaTiO3 nanoparticles in P3HT: PCBM did not produce any changes or effects that can be interpreted in terms of nanodipoles electric field and nanodipole PV action. This was most likely due to the fact that the particles had cubic crystalline structure, which is non-ferroelectric and therefore the particles dipole moments were very weak or nonexistent. The introduction of ZnO in P3HT at a concentration that was low enough to guarantee that hybrid BH solar cell devices did not form (i.e., volume concentration of up to 5%), showed an effect in the PV current-voltage characteristics, which was attributed to the existence of nanodipoles and their field.
Author: Vinod Kumar Khanna
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1000805468
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 495
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Book Description
Presenting a comprehensive overview of a rapidly burgeoning field blending solar cell technology with nanotechnology, the book covers topics such as solar cell basics, nanotechnology fundamentals, nanocrystalline silicon-based solar cells, nanotextured-surface solar cells, plasmon-enhanced solar cells, optically-improved nanoengineered solar cells, dye-sensitized solar cells, 2D perovskite and 2D/3D multidimensional perovskite solar cells, carbonaceous nanomaterial-based solar cells, quantum well solar cells, nanowire solar cells and quantum dot solar cells. The book provides an in-depth and lucid presentation of the subject matter in an elegant, easy-to-understand writing style, starting from basic knowledge through principles of operation and fabrication of devices to advanced research levels encompassing the recent breakthroughs and cutting-edge innovations. It will be useful for graduate and PhD students, scientists, and engineers. Key features: * Builds an integrated perspective of photovoltaics by highlighting the essential role of nanotechnology in each type of solar cell. * Performs simplified mathematical analysis of operational mechanisms of nanostructured solar cells supplemented with solved examples. * Enhances learning with clear explanations of technological advances and illustrative diagrams without sacrificing scientific rigor.
Author: Emre Yengel
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781124400662
Category : Energy conversion
Languages : en
Pages : 81
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Book Description
Bulk heterojunction organic solar cells have recently drawn tremendous attention because of their technological advantages for actualization of large-area and cost effective fabrication. Two important criteria of these cells are efficiency and cost. The research in this dissertation focuses on the enhancement of these criteria with two different approaches. In the first approach, power conversion efficiency of organic photovoltaic devices is enhanced by introducing Deoxyribonucleic acids DNA into the device structure. DNA provide exciting opportunities as templates in self assembled architectures and functionality in terms of optical and electronic properties. In the first method, we investigate the effects of DNA and metalized DNA sequences in polymer fullerene bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells. These effects are characterized via optical, quantum efficiency and current-voltage measurements. We demonstrate that by placing on the hole collection side of the active layer, DNA and Pt-DNA sequences lead to an increase in the power conversion efficiency (PCE) by %16 and %30, respectively. Furthermore, we studied the electrical charge characteristics of our DNA layer by using capacitance-voltage (C-V) measurements to explain the increase in hole collection which shows that spray coated DNA formed a negative layer which can increase the hole collection in the cathode side. In the second approach, device cost is tried to reduce by replacing the most expansive material, indium thin oxide (ITO) thin films, with graphene thin films. Large area graphene films were grown with chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. It is observed that, its pristine form, the electrical and surface properties of these films are not sufficient enough for the organic photovoltaic applications. These properties are enhanced with a surface treatment of Argon (Ar) plasma and nitric acid bath. The results of these treatments show that the surface becomes hydrophilic and surface resistance can be decreased by %25. Then, it is demonstrated that the PCE of the graphene based solar cells can be reached up to one tenth of the ITO based devices. The research conducted in this dissertation offers promising potential of bulk heterojunction organic solar cells as a clean and affordable source of energy source in the near future.
Author: Jef Poortmans
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0470091266
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 504
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Book Description
Thin-film solar cells are either emerging or about to emerge from the research laboratory to become commercially available devices finding practical various applications. Currently no textbook outlining the basic theoretical background, methods of fabrication and applications currently exist. Thus, this book aims to present for the first time an in-depth overview of this topic covering a broad range of thin-film solar cell technologies including both organic and inorganic materials, presented in a systematic fashion, by the scientific leaders in the respective domains. It covers a broad range of related topics, from physical principles to design, fabrication, characterization, and applications of novel photovoltaic devices.
Author: Tyler John Perlenfein
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Chemical engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 120
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Adviser: Jason Baxter.
Author: Narottam Das
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 953512935X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 316
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Book Description
Nanostructured solar cells are very important in renewable energy sector as well as in environmental aspects, because it is environment friendly. The nano-grating structures (such as triangular or conical shaped) have a gradual change in refractive index which acts as a multilayer antireflective coating that is leading to reduced light reflection losses over broadband ranges of wavelength and angle of incidence. There are different types of losses in solar cells that always reduce the conversion efficiency, but the light reflection loss is the most important factor that decreases the conversion efficiency of solar cells significantly. The antireflective coating is an optical coating which is applied to the surface of lenses or any optical devices to reduce the light reflection losses. This coating assists for the light trapping capturing capacity or improves the efficiency of optical devices, such as lenses or solar cells. Hence, the multilayer antireflective coatings can reduce the light reflection losses and increases the conversion efficiency of nanostructured solar cells.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789535125266
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Mulugeta Ayele Birhanu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
With increasing price of natural gas and petroleum products and their environmental concerns, alternative energy sources are required i.e. renewable energy sources. Solar energy is the abundant form of renewable energy. In addition to that, the total amount of solar power that incident on earth for an hour can cover the world's annual electric power demand. Hence capturing even fraction of this abundant power source is vital. The technologies used to capture solar power are the photovoltaic systems which, through the photovoltaic effect in semiconductors in the solar cells comprising the system; convert the energy in the photons of the sunlight directly to electric power. The system with silicon solar cells has high production cost because of which it has been difficult for the system to be in to grid parity. The best alternative that attracted the attention of many researchers in the world is to use organic solar cells. Unlike their inorganic counterparts; the organic solar cells are easy and cheap to fabricate, light weighted, flexible, the semiconductors are tuneable with respect to their functions, colourful, can absorb light in cloudy days and semitransparent. The amount of semiconductor material required is very small (i.e. in 100nm). Because of these, even with half efficiency of inorganic ones can make them economical. The other advantage is that they can be used in areas where silicon solar cells haven't been used and properties like light weightiness, flexibility and colourfulness are required. This could be in the sports, agriculture, medical sector .... However, they have disadvantages: low efficiency and shorter life span due to degradation of the semiconductors. Some of the factors that determine performance of solar cell are the type of structure used for the active layer of the solar cell and its thickness. The two kinds of structures we used in the lab were the bi-layer and bulk-junction photoactive layer. The performance of the bulk-junction solar cells increase with thickness of the photoactive layer up to certain point due to high intimacy of contact between the donor and acceptor and from this point on wards the performance decreases as recombination starts to dominate the effect of the intimacy of contact. Comparison of the bi-layer and bulk-junction solar cells for certain thickness tells that the bi-layer has higher fill factor and open circuit voltage than the bulk-junction due to relatively low recombination and density of states. The efficiency of organic solar cells is increasing at higher rate recently as researches have been taking place even in big named companies. The degradation of the organic semiconductors is due to oxygen and water valour from air which can be avoided by encapsulation of the solar cells.
