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Author: Mark J. Nieuwenhuijsen
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN: 0199378789
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 417
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Book Description
This completely updated edition of Exposure Assessment in Environmental Epidemiology offers a practical introduction to exposure assessment methodologies in environmental epidemiologic studies. In addition to methods for traditional methods -- questionnaires, biomonitoring -- this new edition is expanded to include geographic information systems, modeling, personal sensoring, remote sensing, and OMICs technologies. In addition, each of these methods is contextualized within a recent epidemiology study, maximizing illustration for students and those new to these to these techniques. With clear writing and extensive illustration, this book will be useful to anyone interested in exposure assessment, regardless of background.
Author: Mark J. Nieuwenhuijsen
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN: 0199378789
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 417
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Book Description
This completely updated edition of Exposure Assessment in Environmental Epidemiology offers a practical introduction to exposure assessment methodologies in environmental epidemiologic studies. In addition to methods for traditional methods -- questionnaires, biomonitoring -- this new edition is expanded to include geographic information systems, modeling, personal sensoring, remote sensing, and OMICs technologies. In addition, each of these methods is contextualized within a recent epidemiology study, maximizing illustration for students and those new to these to these techniques. With clear writing and extensive illustration, this book will be useful to anyone interested in exposure assessment, regardless of background.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309044960
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 297
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Book Description
The amount of hazardous waste in the United States has been estimated at 275 million metric tons in licensed sites alone. Is the health of Americans at risk from exposure to this toxic material? This volume, the first of several on environmental epidemiology, reviews the available evidence and makes recommendations for filling gaps in data and improving health assessments. The book explores: Whether researchers can infer health hazards from available data. The results of substantial state and federal programs on hazardous waste dangers. The book presents the results of studies of hazardous wastes in the air, water, soil, and food and examines the potential of biological markers in health risk assessment. The data and recommendations in this volume will be of immediate use to toxicologists, environmental health professionals, epidemiologists, and other biologists.
Author: American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1000157687
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 344
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Book Description
What agents should be measured? How should measurement be performed and what averaging time should be used for the measurement? What sampling strategy should be employed to characterize exposures across individuals, locations, and time? What durations of exposure should be characterized? What statistical descriptors should be used to relate exposure to effect? Exposure Assessment for Epidemiology and Hazard Control examines various approaches to answering these and other important questions. Other topics discussed include the measurement of current exposures (e.g., vapors, gases, aerosols, and complex mixtures); the application of toxicological relationships, including biological markers and sample models; an epidemiological evaluation of exposure-effect relationships, including new methods for effect evaluation and models for population exposure estimates; and strategies for exposure assessment, such as biological sampling interpretation through toxicokinetic processes. This important new volume contains essential information for industrial hygienists, epidemiologists, occupational health physicians, toxicologists, and immunologists.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 030905737X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 200
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Book Description
Determining the health risks to humans of exposure to toxic substances in the environment is made difficult by problems such as measuring the degree to which people have been exposed and determining causationâ€"whether observed health effects are due to exposure to a suspected toxicant. Building on the well-received first volume, Environmental Epidemiology: Hazardous Wastes and Public Health, this second volume continues the examination of ways to address these difficulties. It describes effective epidemiological methods for analyzing data and focuses on errors that may occur in the course of analyses. The book also investigates the utility of the gray literature in helping to identify the often elusive causative agent behind reported health effects. Although gray literature studies are often based on a study group that is quite small, use inadequate measures of exposure, and are not published, many of the reports from about 20 states that were examined by the committee were judged to be publishable with some additional work. The committee makes recommendations to improve the utility of the gray literature by enhancing quality and availability.
Author: Acgih
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1000114880
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 330
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Book Description
What agents should be measured? How should measurement be performed and what averaging time should be used for the measurement? What sampling strategy should be employed to characterize exposures across individuals, locations, and time? What durations of exposure should be characterized? What statistical descriptors should be used to relate exposure to effect? Exposure Assessment for Epidemiology and Hazard Control examines various approaches to answering these and other important questions. Other topics discussed include the measurement of current exposures (e.g., vapors, gases, aerosols, and complex mixtures); the application of toxicological relationships, including biological markers and sample models; an epidemiological evaluation of exposure-effect relationships, including new methods for effect evaluation and models for population exposure estimates; and strategies for exposure assessment, such as biological sampling interpretation through toxicokinetic processes. This important new volume contains essential information for industrial hygienists, epidemiologists, occupational health physicians, toxicologists, and immunologists.
Author: Mark J. Nieuwenhuijsen
Publisher: OUP Oxford
ISBN: 0191015687
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 298
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Book Description
Set against a background of growing public, media and political concern about occupational and environmental health issues, and a scientific need to better understand and explain the effects of pollutants on human health, this book is a unique resource. Contributions from an expert panel of international practitioners provide a comprehensive reference on the state of the art methods and applications in the field of occupational and environmental pollution and the adverse health effects, particularly the exposure assessment in epidemiological studies. Risks associated with occupational and environmental exposure are generally small, but the exposed population, and hence the population attributable risk, may be large. To detect small risk, the exposure assessment needs to be very refined. Exposure assessment is the study of the distribution and determinants of potentially hazardous agents, and includes the estimation of intensity, duration and frequency of exposure, the variation in these indices and their determinants. The aim of this book is to develop an understanding and knowledge of exposure assessment methods and their application to substantive issues in occupational and environmental epidemiology. The emphasis is on methodological principles and good practice. It is focused on exposure assessment in both occupational and environmental epidemiology since there are many similarities but also some interesting differences. The book outlines the basic principles of exposure assessment, and examines the current status and research questions in the exposure assessment of occupational and environmental epidemiological studies of allergens, particulate matter, chlorination disinfection by-products, agricultural pesticides and radiofrequencies. The book will be of interest to all concerned with exposure assessment and epidemiology. It will be a valuable source for undergraduate and postgraduate courses in exposure assessment, occupational hygiene, environmental science, epidemiology, toxicology, biostatistics, occupational and environmental health, health risk assessment and related disciplines and a useful resource of reference for policy makers and regulators.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309264685
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 210
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Book Description
From the use of personal products to our consumption of food, water, and air, people are exposed to a wide array of agents each day-many with the potential to affect health. Exposure Science in the 21st Century: A Vision and A Strategy investigates the contact of humans or other organisms with those agents (that is, chemical, physical, and biologic stressors) and their fate in living systems. The concept of exposure science has been instrumental in helping us understand how stressors affect human and ecosystem health, and in efforts to prevent or reduce contact with harmful stressors. In this way exposure science has played an integral role in many areas of environmental health, and can help meet growing needs in environmental regulation, urban and ecosystem planning, and disaster management. Exposure Science in the 21st Century: A Vision and A Strategy explains that there are increasing demands for exposure science information, for example to meet needs for data on the thousands of chemicals introduced into the market each year, and to better understand the health effects of prolonged low-level exposure to stressors. Recent advances in tools and technologies-including sensor systems, analytic methods, molecular technologies, computational tools, and bioinformatics-have provided the potential for more accurate and comprehensive exposure science data than ever before. This report also provides a roadmap to take advantage of the technologic innovations and strategic collaborations to move exposure science into the future.
Author: Matti Jantunen
Publisher: WHO Regional Office Europe
ISBN: 9789289013420
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 168
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Book Description
Most people spend most of their time indoors, and the poor quality of the indoor environment is a strong determinant of a variety of health problems. The principal way of preventing adverse health effects is to eliminate exposure to hazardous factors. But first, standardized methods of assessing exposure are necessary to assess the risk to health and to select optimal risk management actions. This book aims to facilitate the implementation of exposure assessment methods in public health practice.
Author: SM Rappaport (Ed)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Alternatives ways of monitoring occupational exposure; Measurement of vapors and gases; The measurement of aerosols in relation to risk assessment; The use of markers to measure exposures to complex mixtures; Rapporteur's summary, measurement of current exposures; Assessing relevant exposures to airborne irritants; Exposure-dose relationships; Development of biological monitoring as a tool for exposure assessment; The use of models to investigate the toxicokinetic behavior of organic solvents; Rapporteur's summary, application of toxicological relationships; Issues in the epidemiologic evaluation of exposure-effect relationships; New methods for evaluating health effects; Retrospective exposure assessment, a review of approaches and directions for the future; Exposure assessment challenges presented by investigations of reproductive effects in the semiconductor industry; Rapporteur's summary, epidemiologic evaluation of exposure effect relationships; Exposure assessment strategies; Biological monitoring strategies; Environmental sampling strategies for epidemiological studies; Individual versus group differences in exposure risk; Rapporteur's summary, exposure assessment strategies.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309120462
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 422
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Book Description
Risk assessment has become a dominant public policy tool for making choices, based on limited resources, to protect public health and the environment. It has been instrumental to the mission of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as well as other federal agencies in evaluating public health concerns, informing regulatory and technological decisions, prioritizing research needs and funding, and in developing approaches for cost-benefit analysis. However, risk assessment is at a crossroads. Despite advances in the field, risk assessment faces a number of significant challenges including lengthy delays in making complex decisions; lack of data leading to significant uncertainty in risk assessments; and many chemicals in the marketplace that have not been evaluated and emerging agents requiring assessment. Science and Decisions makes practical scientific and technical recommendations to address these challenges. This book is a complement to the widely used 1983 National Academies book, Risk Assessment in the Federal Government (also known as the Red Book). The earlier book established a framework for the concepts and conduct of risk assessment that has been adopted by numerous expert committees, regulatory agencies, and public health institutions. The new book embeds these concepts within a broader framework for risk-based decision-making. Together, these are essential references for those working in the regulatory and public health fields.
