Experiments on the Eradication of Canada Thistle, Cirsium Arvense (L) Scop., on Arable Land PDF Download
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Author: Alfred Åslander
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 380
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Author: Alfred Åslander
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 380
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Author: Alfred Åslander
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Chlorates
Languages : en
Pages : 22
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Author: Jesse M. Hodgson
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Category : Canada thistle
Languages : en
Pages : 36
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Author: Charles Fletcher Rogers
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Category : Canada thistle
Languages : en
Pages : 52
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Author: Jesse M. Hodgson
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Category : Thistles
Languages : en
Pages : 12
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Author: Albert Gallagher
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Category : Canada thistle
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Field experiments throughout Northern Alberta established picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid) as an excellent herbicide for the control of Canada thistle ( Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.). Rates of 8 to 12 oz/A were sufficient to consistently reduce thistle stands under all conditions. Preplant herbicide treatments were tolerated by creeping red fescue ( Festuca rubra L.) and timothy ( Phleum pratense L.) if one growing season elapsed between treatments and planting of the grasses. Seeding of the grasses three weeks following herbicide application resulted in reduced grass stands and dry matter production in several instances. Seedling stands of creeping red fescue treated at the 1- to 5-tiller stage grew and developed better where thistle control was provided by single applications of picloram at 4,8, and 12 oz/A or dicamba at 24 oz/A. Fertile tiller production was increased substantially in plants selected from plots treated in the field with 4 and 12 oz/A of picloram at the 3- to 5-tiller stage, and transferred to a growth chamber. Seed production of timothy was not affected by 2 to 12 oz/A of picloram when applied at several growth stages. Dicamba and 2,4-D treatments were tolerated best at the post-flowering stage of growth. Creeping red fescue seed production was reduced by most herbicide treatments applied at 10 per cent anthesis in 1969. Plants receiving 8 and 12 oz/A of picloram in 1969 were prostrate and seed head numbers were reduced in 1970. In no instance did herbicide treatment result in more than a 9.4 per cent reduction in percentage germination of the seed from either grass species when compared to the untreated check. Dicamba applied on timothy two weeks after the peak flowering period did not significantly reduce the seed germination but seedlings produced were prostrate and bent. Picloram at 2 oz/A had no effect on seed germination irrespective of the growth stage of the plants at treatment time. In greenhouse experiments with picloram and dicamba-treated soil, creeping red fescue germinated and emerged more readily than did timothy. Surviving timothy plants grew and developed more readily, however, than did creeping red fescue plants. Dissipation of dicamba under field conditions was complete by the end of one growing season. Picloram soil residues which were phytotoxic to cucumbers were detected at all locations and at most rates of application after more than one growing season had elapsed. Dissipation of picloram was greatest at the St. Albert plot and this was attributed to the high organic matter content of the soil. The use of picloram or dicamba for thistle control in grass seed fields is feasible. Picloram applied to actively growing thistles in the bud stage on a spot application basis and prior to seeding at rates of 4 to 8 oz/A followed three to four weeks later by intensive cultivation is recommended. Thistle regrowth can be treated when seedling grasses are past the three to four-leaf stage with a mixture of 4 oz/A of dicamba and 8 oz/A of MCPA amine or 2,4-D amine.
Author: Albert August Hansen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agriculture
Languages : en
Pages : 16
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Author: Frederica Detmers
Publisher:
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Category : Agriculture
Languages : en
Pages : 56
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Author: R. K. Gupta
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Category : Canada thistle
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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In saline areas bordering Miquelon Lake, a water-fowl refuge, it was possible to maintain tall vegetative cover of Cirsium arvense L. Scop. (Canada thistle) and Sonchus arvensis L. (perennial sow thistle) while preventing their flowering and seed dispersal, by means of small dosages of 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (picloram) or of 2,4- dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) applied before the thistles flowered. Picloram sprays at a dosage as small as 0.25 oz/A prevented flowering of Canada thistle treated in early bud stage. For comparable results with perennial sow thistle which was somewhat more resistant to small dosages of picloram this treatment had to be applied just prior to the plants' early bud stage. Results comparable to those noted for picloram were achieved with 8 oz/A of 2,4-D. For complete prevention of flowering of both species of thistles treated at late bud stage, picloram at 1.5 oz/A or 2,4-D at 2 lb/A was necessary. However, these higher dosages also caused extensive damage to the vegetative top growth of the thistles. In other experiments with a dense stand of Canada thistle growing on cultivated fertile clay loam soil the objective was to study techniques of eradication of the thistles. Best results were obtained by mowing the weeds at their flowering stage and spraying their regrowth about a month later with 4 oz/A picloram, followed by a second treatment of regrowth with 2 oz/A picloram, after comparable mowing of the sur viving thistles during the following year. This practice was more effective than those where no mowing was included, involving either spraying thistles at flowering stage or spraying half dosage of herbicide at flowering stage and half in the fall. Both with regard to reduction in numbers of new shoots and of their total mass two years after the first treatment, effects of as little as 2 oz/A of picloram were greater than those resulting from use of 2 lb/A 2,4-D ester in any of the pro cedures noted. At Miquelon Lake where Hordeum jubatum L. (foxtail barley) was a dominant native component of the vegetation of the saline experimental areas, Canada thistle and perennial sow thistle top growth and regrowth were eliminated for at least two years duration of observations by single spray treatments with picloram at 4-6 oz/A. These resulted in an increase in cover of the native grass species associated with a decline or disappearance of some of the low-growing native dicotyledonous species present in some plots. 2-Methoxy-3,6-dichlorobenzoic acid (dicamba) applied at 6 to 24 oz/A and 2,4-D ethyl ester at 24 to 96 oz/A were incapable of complete supress- ion of regrowth from roots of treated thistles. Treatments with as little as 1 oz/A of picloram resulted in 907. reduction in stand of the thistles within a year in plots having foxtail barley and other grasses as com petitors able to fill in the cover. Ground sprayer applications of herbicide produced more uniform results than aerial spraying of narrow strips of this tie-infested land. From the agricultural standpoint complete eradication of the thistles would be the simplest procedure in this area where natural plant success ion is towards salt-tolerant grasses. From a wildlife management view point it is difficult to know, whether merely preventing flowering of thistles or removing them altogether would make any important difference insofar as strips of farmland shore line are concerned.
Author: Jesse M. Hodgson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Thistles
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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