Experimental Approach to the Direct Interaction Between the Proto-Atmosphere and Rocky Crust of the Early Earth and Its Implications to the Early Evolution of Earth-Like Planets PDF Download
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Author: Xiluo Hao
Publisher: Open Dissertation Press
ISBN: 9781361037072
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
This dissertation, "Experimental Approach to the Direct Interaction Between the Proto-atmosphere and Rocky Crust of the Early Earth and Its Implications to the Early Evolution of Earth-like Planets" by Xiluo, Hao, 郝锡荦, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: The first eon of the Earth, Hadean, is no doubt critical for the evolution of Earth towards a habitable planet and the origin of life. However, there is almost no petrologic record preserved for this piece of history because of the long-term geological reworking. In this study, batch experiments simulating the interaction between the early Earth's ultramafic crust and H2O-CO2 atmosphere were performed in order to gain some new insights into the direct interaction and its influence on the evolution of mineral, atmosphere, ocean and the prebiotic chemistry on the early Earth. Electron microscopic observations (including SEM and TEM) show that the secondary minerals produced in the experiments mainly include phyllosilicates, carbonates and Fe-oxide. Phyllosilicates which are essential for biomonomer synthesis can be found in each of our experiments. Different rock-water-H2O systems result in different clay minerals with varied crystal habits. Carbonates can be found in experiments carried out at temperature below 400 C. With the experimental temperature decrease from 400 C to 200 C, the formed carbonates change from calcite, dolomite and magnesite accordingly. Energy dispersive spectroscopy reveals the incorporation of iron in all kinds of carbonates. Hexagonal magnetite nanoplates are observed in komatiite-H2O-CO2 experiment carried out at 450 C. The mineralogical compositions imply that the interaction between the early Earth's ultramafic crust and H2O-CO2 atmosphere were able to produce clay minerals, carbonates and oxides on the rocky planets such as Earth, which was corroborated by the recent discovery of layered clay minerals and carbonates assemblages on Mars. More importantly, these secondary minerals are effective in catalyzing the inorganic molecular to biomolecules that are essential in prebiotic chemical evolution. The GC measurement of the gaseous phases trapped in the capsule after experiments show that abiogenetic methane, ethane and propane as well as hydrogen were detected in most our experiments. The relative concentrations of these gases are higher in high temperature experiments, which indicate high productivity of CH4 and H2 during the interaction between the early Earth's ultramafic crust and H2O-CO2 atmosphere. The abiotic formation and accumulation of H2, methane, and short hydrocarbon would not only provide material basis for the chemical evolution towards life but also play essential roles in preventing the surface of the Earth from freezing in the Hadean eon while the Earth was suffering from extensive precipitation of atmospheric CO2 and the faint young sun. Generally, the earliest interaction between the Earth's ultramafic crust and H2O-CO2 atmosphere could have changed the physicochemical condition of the Earth's surface that favored the prebiotic chemical evolution towards life. DOI: 10.5353/th_b5570776 Subjects: Atmosphere
Author: Xiluo Hao
Publisher: Open Dissertation Press
ISBN: 9781361037072
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Get Book Here
Book Description
This dissertation, "Experimental Approach to the Direct Interaction Between the Proto-atmosphere and Rocky Crust of the Early Earth and Its Implications to the Early Evolution of Earth-like Planets" by Xiluo, Hao, 郝锡荦, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: The first eon of the Earth, Hadean, is no doubt critical for the evolution of Earth towards a habitable planet and the origin of life. However, there is almost no petrologic record preserved for this piece of history because of the long-term geological reworking. In this study, batch experiments simulating the interaction between the early Earth's ultramafic crust and H2O-CO2 atmosphere were performed in order to gain some new insights into the direct interaction and its influence on the evolution of mineral, atmosphere, ocean and the prebiotic chemistry on the early Earth. Electron microscopic observations (including SEM and TEM) show that the secondary minerals produced in the experiments mainly include phyllosilicates, carbonates and Fe-oxide. Phyllosilicates which are essential for biomonomer synthesis can be found in each of our experiments. Different rock-water-H2O systems result in different clay minerals with varied crystal habits. Carbonates can be found in experiments carried out at temperature below 400 C. With the experimental temperature decrease from 400 C to 200 C, the formed carbonates change from calcite, dolomite and magnesite accordingly. Energy dispersive spectroscopy reveals the incorporation of iron in all kinds of carbonates. Hexagonal magnetite nanoplates are observed in komatiite-H2O-CO2 experiment carried out at 450 C. The mineralogical compositions imply that the interaction between the early Earth's ultramafic crust and H2O-CO2 atmosphere were able to produce clay minerals, carbonates and oxides on the rocky planets such as Earth, which was corroborated by the recent discovery of layered clay minerals and carbonates assemblages on Mars. More importantly, these secondary minerals are effective in catalyzing the inorganic molecular to biomolecules that are essential in prebiotic chemical evolution. The GC measurement of the gaseous phases trapped in the capsule after experiments show that abiogenetic methane, ethane and propane as well as hydrogen were detected in most our experiments. The relative concentrations of these gases are higher in high temperature experiments, which indicate high productivity of CH4 and H2 during the interaction between the early Earth's ultramafic crust and H2O-CO2 atmosphere. The abiotic formation and accumulation of H2, methane, and short hydrocarbon would not only provide material basis for the chemical evolution towards life but also play essential roles in preventing the surface of the Earth from freezing in the Hadean eon while the Earth was suffering from extensive precipitation of atmospheric CO2 and the faint young sun. Generally, the earliest interaction between the Earth's ultramafic crust and H2O-CO2 atmosphere could have changed the physicochemical condition of the Earth's surface that favored the prebiotic chemical evolution towards life. DOI: 10.5353/th_b5570776 Subjects: Atmosphere
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Category : Atmosphere
Languages : en
Pages : 344
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Author: Beth N. Orcutt
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1108477496
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 687
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A comprehensive guide to carbon inside Earth - its quantities, movements, forms, origins, changes over time and impact on planetary processes. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Author: James Badro
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118860578
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 193
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Book Description
The Early Earth: Accretion and Differentiation provides a multidisciplinary overview of the state of the art in understanding the formation and primordial evolution of the Earth. The fundamental structure of the Earth as we know it today was inherited from the initial conditions 4.56 billion years ago as a consequence of planetesimal accretion, large impacts among planetary objects, and planetary-scale differentiation. The evolution of the Earth from a molten ball of metal and magma to the tectonically active, dynamic, habitable planet that we know today is unique among the terrestrial planets, and understanding the earliest processes that led to Earth’s current state is the essence of this volume. Important results have emerged from a wide range of disciplines including cosmochemistry, geochemistry, experimental petrology, experimental and theoretical mineral physics and geodynamics. The topics in this volume include: Condensation of primitive objects in the solar nebula, planetary building blocks Early and late accretion and planetary dynamic modeling Primordial differentiation, core formation, Magma Ocean evolution and crystallization This volume will be a valuable resource for graduate students, academics, and researchers in the fields of geophysics, geochemistry, cosmochemistry, and planetary science.
Author: Hugh R. Rollinson
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1444308947
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 296
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Book Description
Early Earth Systems provides a complete history of the Earth from its beginnings to the end of the Archaean. This journey through the Earth's early history begins with the Earth's origin, then examines the evolution of the mantle, the origin of the continental crust, the origin and evolution of the Earth's atmosphere and oceans, and ends with the origin of life. Looks at the evidence for the Earth's very early differentiation into core, mantle, crust, atmosphere and oceans and how this differentiation saw extreme interactions within the Earth system. Discusses Archaean Earth processes within the framework of the Earth System Science paradigm, providing a qualitative assessment of the principal reservoirs and fluxes in the early Earth. “The book would be perfect for a graduate-level or upper level undergraduate course on the early Earth. It will also serve as a great starting point for researchers in solid-Earth geochemistry who want to know more about the Earth’s early atmosphere and biosphere, and vice versa for low temperature geochemists who want to get a modern overview of the Earth’s interior.” Geological Magazine, 2008
Author: David C. Catling
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 0521844126
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 595
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Book Description
A comprehensive and authoritative text on the formation and evolution of planetary atmospheres, for graduate-level students and researchers.
Author: George H. Shaw
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319219723
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 117
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Book Description
This book provides a comprehensive treatment of the chemical nature of the Earth’s early surface environment and how that led to the origin of life. This includes a detailed discussion of the likely process by which life emerged using as much quantitative information as possible. The emergence of life and the prior surface conditions of the Earth have implications for the evolution of Earth’s surface environment over the following 2-2.5 billion years. The last part of the book discusses how these changes took place and the evidence from the geologic record that supports this particular version of early and evolving conditions.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309117178
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 151
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Book Description
Questions about the origin and nature of Earth and the life on it have long preoccupied human thought and the scientific endeavor. Deciphering the planet's history and processes could improve the ability to predict catastrophes like earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, to manage Earth's resources, and to anticipate changes in climate and geologic processes. At the request of the U.S. Department of Energy, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, National Science Foundation, and U.S. Geological Survey, the National Research Council assembled a committee to propose and explore grand questions in geological and planetary science. This book captures, in a series of questions, the essential scientific challenges that constitute the frontier of Earth science at the start of the 21st century.
Author: O.G. Sorokhtin
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0444537589
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 597
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Book Description
The book reviews the current physical theory of Earth's global evolution, its origin, structure and composition, the process of Earth's core formation, Earth's energy, and the nature of its tectonomagnetic activity. The book also deals with the origin of the Moon and its influence on our planet's evolution. Based on the integral positions of this theory, the book analyzes the issues of the origin of the hydrosphere and atmosphere, and the conception and evolution of life on Earth. The monograph also reviews the adiabatic theory of the greenhouse effect developed by the authors, and the effects of nitrogen-consuminging bacteria and of periodic changes in the precession angle on its climate. In particular, these effects cause the onset and periodicity of ice ages and a significant climate warming during the periods of supercontinent appearance (like Pangaea in the Mid-Mesozoic). Challenges current thinking about climate change on the basis of sound geological data Helps the reader make informed decisions about Earth-process related problems Challenges the reader to critically analyze both theory and data
Author: Stephen J. Mackwell
Publisher: University of Arizona Press
ISBN: 0816530599
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 709
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"Through the contributions of more than sixty leading experts in the field, Comparative Climatology of Terrestrial Planets sets forth the foundations for this emerging new science and brings the reader to the forefront of our current understanding of atmospheric formation and climate evolution"--Provided by publisher.