Examination of Diet, Physical Activity, Biomarkers of Bone Mineralization, Bone Mineral Content and Body Composition in Children Between 5 Years of Age and Puberty PDF Download
Are you looking for read ebook online? Search for your book and save it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Download Examination of Diet, Physical Activity, Biomarkers of Bone Mineralization, Bone Mineral Content and Body Composition in Children Between 5 Years of Age and Puberty PDF full book. Access full book title Examination of Diet, Physical Activity, Biomarkers of Bone Mineralization, Bone Mineral Content and Body Composition in Children Between 5 Years of Age and Puberty by Marcia Kelly Scott. Download full books in PDF and EPUB format.
Author: Marcia Kelly Scott
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Body composition
Languages : en
Pages : 364
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Marcia Kelly Scott
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Body composition
Languages : en
Pages : 364
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Ellen B. Fung
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319304127
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 355
Get Book Here
Book Description
The gold-standard resource for evaluating bone health in children and adolescents, this practical and highly anticipated second edition offers a comprehensive, fully updated resource for addressing bone health in these populations. Developed by a renowned international panel of experts in measuring and analyzing bone density in the pediatric patient and reflecting the 2013 International Society for Clinical Densitometry (ISCD) Guidelines for Pediatric DXA assessment, interpretation and reporting, this indispensable reference covers all the important changes in the field over the last 9 years. Some highlights of this edition include: an entire chapter on the assessment of infants and toddlers, a chapter devoted to the assessment of children with disabling conditions, an in-depth discussion of vertebral fracture and its etiologies, and a thorough review of the advantages and limitations of densitometry techniques including DXA, pQCT, HRpQCT, and MRI. New fracture prediction software, including Trabecular Bone Score and Finite Element Analysis, is described. In this edition, the limitations of DXA are addressed as are the most recent strategies for handling them including proposed DXA adjustments such as height Z-score. Solidifying itself as the leading text in the field, Bone Health Assessment in Pediatrics: Guidelines for Clinical Practice, 2nd edition provides all of the critical basic analysis and evaluation tools, images, and calculations necessary for clinical practice.
Author: Amanjit Kaur Sekhon
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 204
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Aenor Sawyer
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1597452114
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 234
Get Book Here
Book Description
Bone Densitometry in Growing Patients: Guidelines for Clinical Practice, edited by Drs. Sawyer, Bachrach, and Fung, is a milestone book for all health prof- sionals concerned with bone health in growing patients. The book introduces and emphasizes the importance of attending to issues of bone health and development in childhood and adolescence as a way of maintaining such health and decreasing the epidemic of osteoporosis that we are now seeing in older adults. In doing so, the book offers a much-needed first set of standards of bone densitometry in growing patients. Given the numerous reports of serious interpretation errors in densitometry results in children, the development of this body of work is truly important. It is in this context that Bone Densitometry in Growing Patients: Guidelines for Clinical Practice presents the current evidence, including an assessment of the strengths and weaknesses in the data on assessing bone density in childhood and adolescence. In short, the editors and authors have done an outstanding job of or- nizing not only the key topics in this broad clinical discussion, but also, and most importantly, the evidence within these areas.
Author: Zan Ferant
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
ISBN: 9783659584992
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 60
Get Book Here
Book Description
Chronic gastrointestinal diseases, such as celiac disease and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), cause changes in bone metabolism. They impair bone mineralization and can also alter bone mineral density (BMD). Low BMD is a risk factor for osteoporosis and bone fracture, not only in later years, but also in childhood and adolescence. In our study we compared BMD, bone age and vitamin D levels within different groups of children. We also measured body composition and evaluated usefulness of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) in predicting low BMD. Serologic markers EMA and t-TG were measured to determine the compliance with gluten-free diet. The results of the study show significant decrease in serum vitamin D levels in patients with celiac disease and IBD compared to the control group. Body composition, measured with BIA did not correlate with BMD so we cannot confirm the value of this method in diagnosis of low BMD. However, the correlation between BMD and t-TG values in celiac patients was confirmed. Therefore, the importance of strict gluten-free diet is emphasized.
Author: Robin M. Daly
Publisher: Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
ISBN: 3805582757
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 173
Get Book Here
Book Description
Osteoporosis and related fractures are a major public health problem globally. Although traditionally considered to be a disease affecting the elderly, increased recognition that osteoporosis may have its foundation early in life has stimulated substantial research interest into factors which can influence skeletal development, including both genetic and lifestyle factors. This book provides a summary and integrative review of the current state of knowledge of factors that influence the development of bone health during childhood and adolescence. The focus is on the role of physical activity for optimizing bone development. Other relevant topics that are reviewed include the influence of genetics, nutrition, and hormonal factors on skeletal development. In addition, there are expert views on practical lifestyle strategies and guidelines that can be adopted to optimize bone health and prevent fractures during growth. The book provides an excellent source of recent information for exercise specialists, pediatricians, nutritionists, biomedical researchers, health promotion worker and public health professionals.
Author: Lan Cheng
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Get Book Here
Book Description
In children and adolescents, bone modeling and remodeling is highly active in order to expand bone in length and width, to increase bone mass, and to maintain bone shape. Although bone mass acquisition is relatively slow throughout childhood, with the onset of puberty and the growth spurt of height in adolescence the rate of bone mineral accumulation increases, reaching a peak bone mass shortly after a peak height. The peak bone mass is an important predictive factor of osteoporosis in the later life due to the bone loss during ageing. Except for genetic factors, there is an estimated 20 to 40% of the peak bone mass variation contributed to modifiable factors e.g., mechanical loading, physical activity, sedentary behavior, sleep and nutritional factors. However, we are only beginning to identify the specific dimensions and doses of these modifiable factors needed for the short-term and long-term beneficial effects on bone health. The lack of longitudinal epidemiological studies and the conflicting results in the intervention studies among healthy pediatric populations limit our knowledge. Hence, the present thesis aims to provide a better understanding on the associations between physical activity, sedentary behavior, sleep, nutrition and bone health in children and adolescents. The present thesis is based on the data from the IDEFICS/I.Family cohort including children and adolescents aged 2 to 15 years from eight European countries. Three examination waves with repeated measurements were conducted in 2007/2008, 2009/2010 and 2013/2014. In the subgroups, bone stiffness index was measured using calcaneal quantitative ultrasound (QUS) in all examination waves, serum bone formation marker osteocalcin was analyzed using chemiluminescence assays in the first examination wave while serum bone resorption marker C-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen was analyzed in the first and third examination waves. Calcaneal QUS as a validated method to estimate bone health is becoming popular in pediatric populations since it is non-radiating, quick and cost-effective. The measured parameters of broadband ultrasound attenuation and speed of sound, as well as the derived stiffness index are related to bone mass and bone structural properties. Meanwhile, bone resorption and formation markers have been suggested to be sensitive to the changes in environmental factors, hormone levels and treatments. Therefore, stiffness index, osteocalcin and C-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen were considered as bone health outcomes. Body composition in terms of fat mass and fat free mass was derived from objectively measured skinfold thickness. Weight status was estimated from objectively measured body height and weight by calculating body mass index z-scores and cut-offs. Physical activity and sedentary behavior were measured using both self-administrated questionnaires and accelerometers. Sleep duration and quality were evaluated using questionnaires. Consumption frequency of dairy products and usual calcium intake were collected using food frequency questionnaires and 24h-dietary recalls, respectively. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D was analyzed using chemiluminescence assays. Linear mixed-effect models were used with adjustments for a cluster effect of country and potential confounders. The major findings were presented and discussed in four published or submitted original papers, final sample sizes that varied in each paper depended on the analysis strategies for different research questions. First, the longitudinal results indicated a positive relationship between fat free mass and stiffness index during growth. Specifically, baseline fat free mass was observed to predict two-year and six-year changes in stiffness index, and six-year changes in fat free mass was also positively associated with change in stiffness index. Meanwhile, the association between six-year changes in fat mass and stiffness index differed by sex and pubertal status, suggesting an inverse association in boys and girls before menarche, but a positive association in girls after menarche (Lan Cheng, et al., Bone. 2019). Second, objectively measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was positively associated with the increase of stiffness index over two years and six years of follow-up. These results were supported by the comparable albeit weaker positive associations between self-reported time spent at sports clubs and stiffness index. However, the inverse associations between screen time as a surrogate for sedentary behavior and stiffness index depended on weight status. Specifically, the cross-sectional association between weekly duration of watching TV and stiffness index was observed to be inverse only in thin/normal weight group. Both baseline and two years change in weekly duration of watching TV, and six years change in weekly duration of playing computer/games were inversely associated with corresponding changes in stiffness index in the overweight/obese group (Lan Cheng, et al., Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2020). Third, the association between sleep and stiffness index was analyzed using data from two follow-up examination waves with the interval of approximately four years. Total sleep duration was calculated and further classified into short, adequate and long based on the recommendation from the National Sleep Foundation. Poor sleep quality was estimated by reporting either having trouble to get up in the morning, or having difficulty to fall asleep, or have no regular bedtime routine. The positively cross-sectional associations between nocturnal sleep duration, daytime napping and stiffness index were only observed in participants with adequate sleep duration. After four years of follow-up, the positive association between daytime napping and stiffness index was more pronounced in participants with short sleep duration. Moreover, long-term detrimental effect of extreme sleep duration (short or long) on stiffness index only existed in participants with poor sleep quality (Lan Cheng, et al., Osteo Int. 2020). At last, only cross-sectional analyses were conducted in the associations between vitamin D, bone turnover markers and stiffness index using merged datasets based on the first and third examination waves. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, calcium intake and dairy products consumption were observed to be inversely associated with bone resorption marker but not formation marker. MVPA modified the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D and stiffness index, suggesting that serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D no less than 20 ng/ml would be a protective factor for calcaneal stiffness index only if children met the MVPA guideline of one hour MVPA per day on average (Lan Cheng, et al., Am J Clin Nutr. submitted). In summary, the present cumulative thesis provides a comprehensive understanding on the associations between lifestyle-related factors and bone health indicators in children and adolescents. Future prevention and intervention studies with regard to improving childhood bone health should put emphasis on promoting sufficient MVPA, maintaining adequate sleep duration and calcium intake, and improving consumption frequency of dairy products. Some bone health determinants in specific groups i.e. excess fat mass in boys and pre-pubertal girls, long screen time in overweight/obese children, and insufficient vitamin D level in inactive children particularly need attention.
Author: Ryan Cody Squibb
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bones
Languages : en
Pages : 107
Get Book Here
Book Description
The current obesity epidemic has become a major health crisis to citizens around the United States. Obesity has been successfully linked to a plethora of different disease states including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and stroke. Although many people might not recognize the trends, the obesity epidemic is putting children as young as 5 and 6 years of age at a health disadvantage compared to children of a healthier weight. With 17% of American's children being classified as obese, it is important to uncover what detrimental influences obesity has on the childhood body. Specifically, with respect to bone health, there is a good amount of information supporting the concept that there is increased acquisition of bone mineral density (BMD) through exercise in children. However, none of these studies have investigated the effects of physical exercise on BMD in obese children compared to lean children. Previous studies show that overweight and obese children are at an increased risk of bone fracture due to low bone mass and bone area for weight. An increased response in BMD or bone mineral content (BMC) of obese children due to exercise could improve bone strength and decrease fracture risk. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether there were differences in BMD acquisition in lean and obese children in response to a 16-week exercise intervention. Dual energy X-absorptiometry (DEXA) was used to assess the change in BMD in children at week 0 and 16. Participants were grouped by body mass index percentile as obese (n=41) or lean (n=19) and then randomly assigned to exercise or control groups. The exercise protocol consisted of aerobic activities such as running, basketball, tennis, football, etc. Participants were required to meet a heart rate average of>140 beats per minute each one-hour exercise session. The protocol for the study was reviewed and approved by the East Carolina University Institutional Review Board. Both lean and obese exercise groups increased total body bone mineral density (+0.026±0.001g/cm2, +0.028±0.001g/cm2 respectively; p
Author: Committee on Physical Activity and Physical Education in the School Environment
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309283140
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 503
Get Book Here
Book Description
Physical inactivity is a key determinant of health across the lifespan. A lack of activity increases the risk of heart disease, colon and breast cancer, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, osteoporosis, anxiety and depression and others diseases. Emerging literature has suggested that in terms of mortality, the global population health burden of physical inactivity approaches that of cigarette smoking. The prevalence and substantial disease risk associated with physical inactivity has been described as a pandemic. The prevalence, health impact, and evidence of changeability all have resulted in calls for action to increase physical activity across the lifespan. In response to the need to find ways to make physical activity a health priority for youth, the Institute of Medicine's Committee on Physical Activity and Physical Education in the School Environment was formed. Its purpose was to review the current status of physical activity and physical education in the school environment, including before, during, and after school, and examine the influences of physical activity and physical education on the short and long term physical, cognitive and brain, and psychosocial health and development of children and adolescents. Educating the Student Body makes recommendations about approaches for strengthening and improving programs and policies for physical activity and physical education in the school environment. This report lays out a set of guiding principles to guide its work on these tasks. These included: recognizing the benefits of instilling life-long physical activity habits in children; the value of using systems thinking in improving physical activity and physical education in the school environment; the recognition of current disparities in opportunities and the need to achieve equity in physical activity and physical education; the importance of considering all types of school environments; the need to take into consideration the diversity of students as recommendations are developed. This report will be of interest to local and national policymakers, school officials, teachers, and the education community, researchers, professional organizations, and parents interested in physical activity, physical education, and health for school-aged children and adolescents.
Author: Joyce Mounir Maalouf
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 248
Get Book Here
Book Description
Lifestyle factors, namely nutrition and physical activity, are known to be invol ved in bone mass acquisition during childhood to optimize peak bone mineral accr etion. Serum leptin, a marker of total body fat, and bone mass are also concorda nt in several respects. Few studies have investigated the relationship between s erum leptin and bone mineral in youth in the context of other mediators of bone mineral accretion. The purpose of the present investigation is to determine the impact of exercise, dietary calcium intake and leptin on bone mass and body composition in 363 heal thy Lebanese school children and adolescents (184 boys and 179 girls), aged 10-1 7 years. There was a sexual dimorphism in serum leptin concentrations with girls having h igher leptin levels than boys across all pubertal stages. In a linear regression model, after adjusting for height, puberty stages, lean mass, fat mass, exercis e, dietary calcium intake, vitamin D and IGF1, leptin was an independent predict or of BMD at the femoral neck, trochanter, total hip and total body in girls onl y. Physical activity was a consistent and independent predictor of BMC and BMD a t the 3 hip sites and total body in boys explaining 7% of the variability in BMD and 3.5% of the variability in BMC. Dietary calcium intake accounted for 5% of radius BMD variability in boys only. There seem to be a relationship between lifestyle factors, the hormonal milieu and bone mineral mass in puberty. These findings suggest the need for the develo pment of public health strategies in the alteration of diet and exercise lifesty les to optimize musculoskeletal health in youth. Results also show a distinct se xual dimorphism in the impact of leptin and lifestyle factors on musculoskeletal outcomes; the basis for these gender differences is unclear and deserves furthe r investigation.
