Evolutionary Genomics of Malaria Hosts and Parasites PDF Download
Are you looking for read ebook online? Search for your book and save it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Download Evolutionary Genomics of Malaria Hosts and Parasites PDF full book. Access full book title Evolutionary Genomics of Malaria Hosts and Parasites by Emily Rose Ebel. Download full books in PDF and EPUB format.
Author: Emily Rose Ebel
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Get Book Here
Book Description
Malaria caused by the replication of Plasmodium falciparum parasites within human red blood cells (RBCs) remains a leading cause of human death by infectious disease. Over several thousand years, high childhood mortality from malaria has produced strong selection for human resistance, mostly via genetic RBC diseases like sickle cell anemia. On much shorter timescales, anti-malarial drugs have also imposed strong selection on genetic drug resistance in malaria parasites. Therefore, the ultimate goal of malaria elimination can be served by developing treatments and drug policies in the context of the evolution of both malaria hosts and parasites. This dissertation explores the history of genetic adaptation in malaria in three parts. First, I use laboratory experiments to demonstrate that natural, 'healthy' variation in human RBCs has substantial effects on P. falciparum growth rate. This identification of novel, protective alleles and phenotypes that are not strongly deleterious may help lead to new malaria therapies. However, I find little evidence that subtle protective variation has experienced positive selection in Africa. Second, I explore the stronger possibility of host adaptation over deeper time scales using ~9,000 protein sequences from 24 species of mammals infected by Plasmodium or related blood parasites. I find that mammalian proteins linked to malaria in the literature have experienced ~3 times more positive selection in the last 100 million years than proteins that have not. Widespread, non-deleterious host adaptation to malaria is therefore possible, but perhaps not on timescales relevant to humans. Finally, I combine new data and historical records from the west African country of Angola to document the extremely rapid evolution of genetic drug resistance in P. falciparum parasites over the last 20 years. This result suggests that changes in drug administration are badly needed in Angola, where malaria deaths are on the rise. An evolutionary approach to the biological control of malaria will allow for the development of therapies that remain efficacious over time.
Author: Emily Rose Ebel
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Get Book Here
Book Description
Malaria caused by the replication of Plasmodium falciparum parasites within human red blood cells (RBCs) remains a leading cause of human death by infectious disease. Over several thousand years, high childhood mortality from malaria has produced strong selection for human resistance, mostly via genetic RBC diseases like sickle cell anemia. On much shorter timescales, anti-malarial drugs have also imposed strong selection on genetic drug resistance in malaria parasites. Therefore, the ultimate goal of malaria elimination can be served by developing treatments and drug policies in the context of the evolution of both malaria hosts and parasites. This dissertation explores the history of genetic adaptation in malaria in three parts. First, I use laboratory experiments to demonstrate that natural, 'healthy' variation in human RBCs has substantial effects on P. falciparum growth rate. This identification of novel, protective alleles and phenotypes that are not strongly deleterious may help lead to new malaria therapies. However, I find little evidence that subtle protective variation has experienced positive selection in Africa. Second, I explore the stronger possibility of host adaptation over deeper time scales using ~9,000 protein sequences from 24 species of mammals infected by Plasmodium or related blood parasites. I find that mammalian proteins linked to malaria in the literature have experienced ~3 times more positive selection in the last 100 million years than proteins that have not. Widespread, non-deleterious host adaptation to malaria is therefore possible, but perhaps not on timescales relevant to humans. Finally, I combine new data and historical records from the west African country of Angola to document the extremely rapid evolution of genetic drug resistance in P. falciparum parasites over the last 20 years. This result suggests that changes in drug administration are badly needed in Angola, where malaria deaths are on the rise. An evolutionary approach to the biological control of malaria will allow for the development of therapies that remain efficacious over time.
Author: D. Wakelin
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521589369
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 96
Get Book Here
Book Description
This collection of articles, edited by D. Wakelin and D. Walliker include: Genetic variability in parasites and host-parasite interactions; Host genetics and infectious disease; T cell and cytokine basis of host variability in response to intestinal nematode infections; The role of MHC- and non-MHC-associated genes in determining the human immune response to malaria antigens; Influence of host and parasite genotypes on immunological control of Theileria parasites; Genetic susceptibility to leishmanial infections: studies in mice and man; Genetic susceptibility to malaria and other infectious diseases: from MHC to the whole genome. This volume is the specially commissioned supplement to the journal Parasitology, volume 112.
Author: Ricardo Filipe Serrote Ramiro
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Andrew P. Waters
Publisher: Caister Academic Press Limited
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 578
Get Book Here
Book Description
The completion of the Plasmodium falciparum genome sequence in late 2002 heralded a new era in malaria research. The search began in earnest for new drugs and vaccines to combat malaria, a disease which afflicts up to 500 million people worldwide and is responsible for the deaths of more than one million people each year. The new genomic data is aiding a greater understanding of the living parasite and its interaction with the insect vector and human host. In this book internationally renowned experts provide up-to-date reviews of the most important aspects of post-genomic malaria research. Topics covered include: the P. falciparum genome and model parasites, bioinformatics and genome databases, microsatellite analysis, analysis of chromosome structure, cell cycle to RNA polymerase I and II mediated gene expression, role of the nuclear genome, the parasite surface and cell biology, and much more. The book is essential to all researchers working in this highly topical field and is recommended reading for scientists in other areas of biology and medicine.
Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 9780309045278
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 312
Get Book Here
Book Description
Malaria is making a dramatic comeback in the world. The disease is the foremost health challenge in Africa south of the Sahara, and people traveling to malarious areas are at increased risk of malaria-related sickness and death. This book examines the prospects for bringing malaria under control, with specific recommendations for U.S. policy, directions for research and program funding, and appropriate roles for federal and international agencies and the medical and public health communities. The volume reports on the current status of malaria research, prevention, and control efforts worldwide. The authors present study results and commentary on the: Nature, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and epidemiology of malaria. Biology of the malaria parasite and its vector. Prospects for developing malaria vaccines and improved treatments. Economic, social, and behavioral factors in malaria control.
Author: Jane M. Carlton
Publisher: Caister Academic Press Limited
ISBN: 9781908230072
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Get Book Here
Book Description
This wealth of genome sequence data has provided researchers with a powerful new tool, comparative genomics, which has revolutionised research in this area.
Author: W.D. Hamilton
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400900775
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 120
Get Book Here
Book Description
Resulting from a Royal Society discussion meeting, this volume presents a short review of the topic of parasite-host co-evolution. Current thinking on evolution in parasites, viruses and other pathogens is discussed.
Author: Diego Santiago-Alarcon
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030516334
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 575
Get Book Here
Book Description
The Tropics are home to the greatest biodiversity in the world, but tropical species are at risk due to anthropogenic activities, mainly land use change, habitat loss, invasive species, and pathogens. Over the past 20 years, the avian malaria and related parasites (Order: Haemosporida) systems have received increased attention in the tropical regions from a diverse array of research perspectives. However, to date no attempts have been made to synthesize the available information and to propose new lines of research. This book provides such a synthesis by not only focusing on the antagonistic interactions, but also by providing conceptual chapters on topics going from avian haemosporidians life cycles and study techniques, to chapters addressing current concepts on ecology and evolution. For example, a chapter synthesizing basic biogeography and ecological niche model concepts is presented, followed by one on the island biogeography of avian haemosporidians. Accordingly, researchers and professionals interested in these antagonistic interaction systems will find both an overview of the field with special emphasis on the tropics, and access to the necessary conceptual framework for various topics in ecology, evolution and systematics. Given its conceptual perspective, the book will appeal not only to readers interested in avian haemosporidians, but also to those more generally interested in the ecology, evolution and systematics of host-parasite interactions.
Author: R. Killick-Kendrick
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0323150578
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 435
Get Book Here
Book Description
Rodent Malaria reviews significant findings concerning malaria parasites of rodents, including their taxonomy, zoogeography, and evolution, along with life cycles and morphology; genetics and biochemistry; and concomitant infections. This volume is organized into eight chapters and begins by sketching out the history of the discovery of rodent as well as aspects of parasitology, immunology, and chemotherapy. These concepts are investigated two decades following Ignace Vincke's major discovery and Meir Yoeli's successful establishment of the method of cyclical transmission of the parasite. The following chapters focus on the taxonomy and systematics of the subgenus Vinckeia, with reference to the concepts of species and subspecies of animals and the degree to which they apply to malaria parasites, in particular to those of rodents. The discussion then shifts to how the rodent malaria parasites provide a unique insight into the subcellular organization of Plasmodium species, the use of rodent malaria as an experimental model to study immunological responses, and infectious agents that interact with malaria parasites. The book concludes with a chapter on malaria chemotherapy, with emphasis on the value of rodent malaria in antimalarial drug screening and the use of antimalarial drugs as biological probes. This book will be of interest to protozoologists and physicians as well as those from other disciplines including biochemistry, immunology, pharmacology, cell biology, and genetics.
Author: Krishna R. Dronamraju
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 0387282955
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 198
Get Book Here
Book Description
This book was originally conceived at a conference at the University of Turin in Italy. The conference was organized to examine the so-called “Malaria Hypothesis”, that is to say, the higher fitness of t- lassemia heterozygotes in a malarial environment, and to pay tribute to the proponent of that hypothesis, J.B.S. Haldane. Contributors to this book examine certain genetic and evolutionary aspects of malaria which is a major killer of human populations, especially in Africa and Asia. There were attempts to discredit Haldane’s contribution from two directions: (a) it has been suggested that the “Malaria Hypothesis” was known long before Haldane and that there was nothing original about his idea (Lederberg 1999), and that (b) the hypothesis of heterozygote su- riority was first suggested by the Italian biologist Giuseppe Montalenti who communicated his idea to Haldane (Allison 2004). Surely, both c- not be right. In fact, the evidence presented in this book clearly indicates that both are wrong. Haldane’s malaria hypothesis has stimulated a great deal of research on the genetic, evolutionary and epidemiological aspects of malaria d- ing the last 50 years. It has opened up a whole new chapter in the study of infectious diseases. It deserves serious consideration. For helpful discussions we thank Lucio Luzzatto, Alberto Piazza, Guido Modiano and David Roberts.
