Author: Laura Kemmer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cerebral dominance
Languages : en
Pages : 326
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Book Description
Syntactic processing is widely held to be a left hemisphere (LH) phenomenon, a view influenced by a large body of research showing lesions to certain LH areas are far more devastating than are lesions to corresponding right hemisphere (RH) areas. Although few studies have examined whether RH damage causes subtle syntactic processing deficits, there is evidence it does. This dissertation investigated the relative contribution of each hemisphere to syntactic processing in neurologically normal individuals using event-related potential (ERP) and behavioral studies in combination with the visual half-field paradigm. Central presentation ERP studies were conducted as a baseline against which to compare the results of the lateralized studies. The first experiment series (chapters two, three) examined processing of (in)correct grammatical number agreement marked either lexically or morphologically. Both behavioral and ERP results suggested the hemispheres are equally able to appreciate lexically marked agreement. In contrast, the RH appears to have greater difficulty than the left in processing morphologically marked agreement. The second experiment series (chapters four, five) investigated whether this LH advantage for morphologically-marked agreement errors reflects a language-specific difference in hemispheric processing or a low level, perceptually-based difference. Stimuli included both morphological and lexical conditions; salience of lexical markings was manipulated to adjudicate between these alternatives. Behavioral results suggested that the observed processing differences were based at the perceptual level. However, the ERP results obtained were not in accord with the predictions and did not lend themselves to any clear conclusions with respect to the hypothesis investigated. The central presentation studies in chapter two also investigate how aging affects syntactic processing. ERPs from elderly compared to young participants showed no evidence of an age-related delayed or diminished P600 effect, although there were changes in its scalp distribution, suggesting a qualitative, rather than any strictly quantitative, age-related change in speed of processing. Chapter four provides data relevant to the debate concerning the mental representation(s) of regular and irregular words, and the mental processes underlying the left anterior negativity component. Overall, we find that the RH is sensitive to certain grammatical manipulations, although not always in the same manner as the LH.
Author: Stella Royce Arambel Liu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Brain
Languages : en
Pages : 272
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Author: Andrea E. Gajardo-Vidal
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: John L. Andreassi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 73
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Book Description
The research completed over the last 12 months has included studies concerned with evoked brain potentials and performance measures during perceptual discriminations. Experiment I examined the event related potential (ERP) during discriminations of line orientation in three visual fields. The main finding concerning discrimination performance confirmed that right hemisphere discriminations (LVF) would be better than left, (RVF) but only for males. Another important finding was that, while discrimination task invoked an expected P3 response, significantly larger P3 amplitudes were associated with the line orientation stimulus (i.e., 55 deg line) requiring a YES response. A follow-up study was briefly described in which subjects will be required to say 'YES' to the 50 deg line and 'NO' to the 55 deg line, with the expectation that the P3 amplitude advantage would switch to the 50 deg line. Experiment II concerned the discrimination of motion velocities and the relation of this process to ERPs. Performance data indicated that left hemisphere discriminations (RVF) were superior to right (LVF). A separate analysis of male-female performance indicated that females contributed to this effect more than males. Finally, laterality effects were suggested for the P3 component since right hemisphere derived amplitudes for P3 were larger with the faster velocity.
Author: Elizabeth Oster Samimi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cerebral hemispheres
Languages : en
Pages : 396
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Author: John L. Andreassi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 87
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Book Description
Experiment I examines the visual event-related potentials (ERP) as a function of moving and stationary stimuli presented in three visual fields. The main finding was that, for female subjects, right hemispheric derived ERPs were larger in amplitude than left hemisphere recordings for moving stimuli presented centrally. Males showed no hemispheric amplitude differences. However, for male subjects the left hemisphere ERP latencies to motion were longer than those recorded from over the right hemisphere with central visual field (CVF) presentations. Experiment II deals with the problems of undetected strabismic persons in evoked potential research. Approximately 14% of the individuals screened for our research (15 of 109) suffered from strabismus (eye muscle imbalance). These individuals have difficulty in fixating a central point in their visual field with both eyes. A comparison of results for six strabismic and six normal eye balance subjects revealed that strabismics do not show the expected latency and amplitude advantages of contralateral hemispheric stimulation. The final study concerns the discrimination of line length in three visual fields and the relation of this process to ERPs. Our performance data included no difference in accuracy of discriminations in left visual field (right hemisphere) and right visual field (left hemisphere).
Author:
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128150939
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 402
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Book Description
Language, Volume 68, the latest release in the Psychology of Learning and Motivation, features empirical and theoretical contributions in cognitive and experimental psychology, ranging from classical and instrumental conditioning, to complex learning and problem-solving. Each chapter thoughtfully integrates the writings of leading contributors, with this volume presenting the latest on Perceptual Learning for Native and Non-Native Speech, Common representations of serial order in language and memory, Neurocomputational Emergentism as a framework for language development, Syntactic adaptation, Neural indices of structured sentence representation: state-of-the-art, A review of familial sinistrality and language, Monitoring and control in language production, and more. Presents the latest information in the highly regarded Psychology of Learning and Motivation series Provides an essential reference for researchers and academics in cognitive science Contains information relevant to both applied concerns and basic research
Author: Natalie Alvina Kacinik
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Connotation (Linguistics)
Languages : en
Pages : 462
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Author: J. L. Andreassi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 84
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Book Description
The research completed over the last twelve months has included a number of studies concerned with evoked cortical potential correlates of visual stimulus processing in humans. The first experiment was conducted in order to replicate an earlier finding in which the amplitude of a relatively late positive component of the event related potential (ERP), known as the P3, was larger to a line orientation that required a 'yes' response than one that required a 'no'. The angular difference between the two lines was only 5 degrees. Another purpose was to assess the reliability of the better right hemisphere performance found with male subjects in the line orientation discrimination task used. In a second experiment, we examined the possibility of hemispheric asymmetry in response to two different colors (red and blue). The two hemispheres responded in essentially the same manner to the two colors. However, an interesting finding was the larger ERPs of both left and right hemispheres to the color blue, especially with central visual field stimulation. A third experiment was directed at the determination of whether the right hemisphere would be more sensitive to visual masking than the left, especially with a metacontrast paradigm which is dependent on spatial factors to produce the masking effect. A fourth experiment was performed to determine the relative responsivity of the two hemispheres to verbal (letter) and spatial (geometric form) stimuli.
Author: Christine Chiarello
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642736742
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 151
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Book Description
Language depends on a normally functioning left hemisphere. This central fact of human cerebral dominance was well established by 19th century aphasiologists and has been repeatedly confirmed by subsequent investiga tions. Predominance, however, does not imply exclusivity. As demonstrated by the commissurotomy patients studied by Eran Zaidel and associates, the right hemisphere is also capable of subserving some linguistic functions. The question, then, is not whether the right hemisphere can process language, but how and when it does so. This volume focuses on the right hemisphere's contribution to one important aspect oflanguage, lexical semantics. Although the right hemisphere may well be involved in other linguistic functions, such as prosody, the greatest evidence for right hemisphere language competence has been obtained for the processing of word meanings. In addition, cognitive psychology and psycho linguistics have provided us with well-developed models of the lexicon and lexical access to guide our inquiry. Finally, there are techniques available for studying lateralized lexical processing in the normal as well as in the brain injured hemispheres. For these reasons, a focus on the lexicon is likely to yield the greatest number of insights about right-hemisphere language processing.
