Evaluation of the Stress-Energy Methodology to Predict Transmitted Shock Through Expanded Foam Cushions PDF Download
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Author: J. Singh
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cushion curves
Languages : en
Pages : 7
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Book Description
Mechanical stresses experienced by packages in the distribution environment include shock and vibration amongst several others. The destructive effects of these hazards can typically be restricted by using cushioning materials to help protect fragile goods during distribution. ASTM D1596 is the conventional standard used to determine shock absorbing performance of a cushioning material for a given combination of static loading, thickness, and drop height. This industry-accepted standard, however, requires significant amounts of transmitted shock data and can be expensive with respect to costs associated with testing and materials amongst others. Alternate stress-energy-based methodologies, developed in the past decade, recommending a considerable reduction in the number of drop tests while providing the ability to predict transmitted shock for any drop height, static loading as well as cushion thickness, are evaluated in this study for their stated accuracy. Based upon an in-depth evaluation of dynamic cushion curves for closed cell moldable foams generated using ASTM D1596, this research evaluates the accuracy of the proposed methodology in relation to the prediction of transmitted shock. Results show that the stress-energy methods while saving time in predicting transmitted shock, produce higher degrees of error than the ±5 % previously stated. In addition, they cannot predict behavior of cushions, and transmitted shock at high drop heights and static loadings with thin cushions, where only the measured values are accurate.
Author: J. Singh
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cushion curves
Languages : en
Pages : 7
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Book Description
Mechanical stresses experienced by packages in the distribution environment include shock and vibration amongst several others. The destructive effects of these hazards can typically be restricted by using cushioning materials to help protect fragile goods during distribution. ASTM D1596 is the conventional standard used to determine shock absorbing performance of a cushioning material for a given combination of static loading, thickness, and drop height. This industry-accepted standard, however, requires significant amounts of transmitted shock data and can be expensive with respect to costs associated with testing and materials amongst others. Alternate stress-energy-based methodologies, developed in the past decade, recommending a considerable reduction in the number of drop tests while providing the ability to predict transmitted shock for any drop height, static loading as well as cushion thickness, are evaluated in this study for their stated accuracy. Based upon an in-depth evaluation of dynamic cushion curves for closed cell moldable foams generated using ASTM D1596, this research evaluates the accuracy of the proposed methodology in relation to the prediction of transmitted shock. Results show that the stress-energy methods while saving time in predicting transmitted shock, produce higher degrees of error than the ±5 % previously stated. In addition, they cannot predict behavior of cushions, and transmitted shock at high drop heights and static loadings with thin cushions, where only the measured values are accurate.
Author: Kendalyn Paulin
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cushion curves
Languages : en
Pages : 8
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Book Description
The stress-energy method is a proposed alternative to ASTM D1596 that reduces all drop height, thickness, and static load combinations into a single equation that can be used to generate any reasonable cushion curve for a particular material. There remains a question as to how accurately the stress-energy method can predict deceleration values and whether it is statistically comparable to the method described in ASTM D1596. There are three phases to this research that attempt to determine the accuracy of the stress-energy method: gathering data using the stress-energy method and analyzing the goodness of fit of the stress-energy equation, predicting a cushion curve and observing the upper and lower bounds for a given drop height and thickness, and using ASTM D1596 to create a cushion curve with the same drop height and thickness and comparing it to the predicted cushion curve. Analyzing ten stress-energy data sets using the root mean square error in addition to the coefficient of determination provided a more thorough goodness of fit analysis. Utilizing the stress-energy method to predict cushion curves produced minimal errors and similar decelerations when compared to six actual cushion curve data sets.
Author: W. D. Godshall
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Containers
Languages : en
Pages : 24
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aeronautics
Languages : en
Pages : 324
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Book Description
Author: James F. Manwell
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 9780470686287
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 704
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Book Description
Wind energy’s bestselling textbook- fully revised. This must-have second edition includes up-to-date data, diagrams, illustrations and thorough new material on: the fundamentals of wind turbine aerodynamics; wind turbine testing and modelling; wind turbine design standards; offshore wind energy; special purpose applications, such as energy storage and fuel production. Fifty additional homework problems and a new appendix on data processing make this comprehensive edition perfect for engineering students. This book offers a complete examination of one of the most promising sources of renewable energy and is a great introduction to this cross-disciplinary field for practising engineers. “provides a wealth of information and is an excellent reference book for people interested in the subject of wind energy.” (IEEE Power & Energy Magazine, November/December 2003) “deserves a place in the library of every university and college where renewable energy is taught.” (The International Journal of Electrical Engineering Education, Vol.41, No.2 April 2004) “a very comprehensive and well-organized treatment of the current status of wind power.” (Choice, Vol. 40, No. 4, December 2002)
Author: Kit L. Yam
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0470541385
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 1368
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Book Description
The complete and authoritative guide to modern packaging technologies —updated and expanded From A to Z, The Wiley Encyclopedia of Packaging Technology, Third Edition covers all aspects of packaging technologies essential to the food and pharmaceutical industries, among others. This edition has been thoroughly updated and expanded to include important innovations and changes in materials, processes, and technologies that have occurred over the past decade. It is an invaluable resource for packaging technologists, scientists and engineers, students and educators, packaging material suppliers, packaging converters, packaging machinery manufacturers, processors, retailers, and regulatory agencies. In addition to updating and improving articles from the previous edition, new articles are also added to cover the recent advances and developments in packaging. Content new to this edition includes: Advanced packaging materials such as antimicrobial materials, biobased materials, nanocomposite materials, ceramic-coated films, and perforated films Advanced packaging technologies such as active and intelligent packaging, radio frequency identification (RFID), controlled release packaging, smart blending, nanotechnology, biosensor technology, and package integrity inspection Various aspects important to packaging such as sustainable packaging, migration, lipid oxidation, light protection, and intellectual property Contributions from experts in all-important aspects of packaging Extensive cross-referencing and easy-to-access information on all subjects Large, double-column format for easy reference
Author: United States. Bureau of Mines
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Mineral industries
Languages : en
Pages : 654
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aeronautics
Languages : en
Pages : 974
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Book Description
Author: John C. Snowdon
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Damping (Mechanics)
Languages : en
Pages : 136
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Book Description
Author: Siegfried Schmauder
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9789811068836
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
This book provides a comprehensive reference for the studies of mechanical properties of materials over multiple length and time scales. The topics include nanomechanics, micromechanics, continuum mechanics, mechanical property measurements, and materials design. The handbook employs a consistent and systematic approach offering readers a user friendly reference ideal for frequent consultation. It is appropriate for an audience at of graduate students, faculties, researchers, and professionals in the fields of Materials Science, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Engineering Mechanics, and Aerospace Engineering.
