Evaluation of the Performance of GFRP Dowels in Jointed Plain Concrete Pavement (JPCP) for Road/airport Under the Combined Effect of Dowel Misalignment and Cyclic Wheel Load PDF Download
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Author: Basim Hassan Shnawa Al-Humeidawi
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Basim Hassan Shnawa Al-Humeidawi
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Cyril Levy
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 146
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Dowel bars in jointed plain concrete pavement (JPCP) have the important function of transferring wheel loads from one slab to the other, hence ensuring that the deflections on each side of the joint are kept almost equal. As well, the dowels should not impede the concrete pavement movements due to environmental effects (temperature and moisture). Dowel bar misalignment, attributed to deficient construction practice, is a major cause of joint distress or faulting by inhibiting the free movement of the slab at the joint. To prevent these issues, tolerance guidelines on misalignment levels are implemented by transportation agencies. Review of previous studies indicate that many researchers analysed the effects of dowel bar misalignment on pavement behaviour using a pull-out test, that is a forcebased opening of the joint. These approaches neglect that joints movements in the field are strain-governed by non-linear temperature and shrinkage actions, leading to combined axial movements and curling of the slab. In this study, the fundamental dowel bar behaviour under shrinkage and thermal loading was determined through detailed 3D finite element modelling (3D-FEM). To that end, models of dowel jointed concrete slabs were developed and subjected to realistic non-linear profiles of shrinkage and thermal strains. Studies were carried out on a single-bar model, taking into account bar-concrete friction and plastic concrete behaviour. The parameters that were investigated included different configurations and levels of bar misalignment and different friction coefficients between the steel and the concrete, simulating the use of bond-breakers. To interpret the results from the numerical analysis, criteria for concrete damage were developed and used in parallel with measures of joint load transfer efficiency; these were obtained by examining the response of the slab under a Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) drop at the joint. The results were verified by comparing the outputs of a model consisting of one half of a slab to published data. The analysis of the models revealead that none of the models showed signs of significant damage after the application of shrinkage and two thermal cycles. Analyses with up to ten thermal cycles did not indicate progressive accumulation of damage, suggesting that for the chosen parameters there is no the concrete around the dowel bar will not fail. Models with bars placed higher in the slab and bars with angular misalignment exhibited more damage than the non-misaligned models without reaching the damage criteria used in this study. The models did not exhibit the amount of damage reported in the studies on dowel bar misalignment having used pull-out tests. It was found that no significant difference existed between uncoated and coated dowel bars models results with regards to concrete damage at the joint. However, a high coefficient of friction between the dowel and the concrete, simulating dowel bar corrosion, proved to be the most detrimental to joint integrity. All of the models performed very well with respect to joint load transfer efficiency, suggesting that the plastic strains in the concrete around the dowel did not have a significant impact on joint performance for the realistic range of parameters investigated.
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Languages : en
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Steel dowels currently used for highway pavement could cause severe deterioration of concrete highway pavements due to the expansion of steel during the corrosion process. A corrosion-free alternative, such as Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) dowels, could provide a promising solution to extend the service life of concrete pavements. FRP materials have exceptionally high tensile strength in the direction of the fibers, however, it has a relatively low strength in the perpendicular direction. In order to study the behaviour of FRP dowels and compare their behaviour to conventional epoxy-coated steel dowels, an experimental program was undertaken at the University of Manitoba. A total of twelve full-scale models representing a section of highway pavement slab were tested. The specimens included two dowels of either Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) dowels or conventional epoxy-coated steel dowels. The slab/joint system was placed on a simulated base that provides two levels of stiffness conditions. The joint was tested under an equivalent AASHTO half axle truck load. The specimens were tested under static and cyclic loading conditions using a servohydraulic MTS loading system. Nine slabs were tested to determine the joint effectiveness under static loads while the remaining three slabs were tested under cyclic loading to examine the behaviour un er repeated loads. The dowel materials within the slab/joint systems were epoxy-coated steel, as well as two products of Glass FRP. This thesis summarizes the test setup, test results, and the recommendation for the use of GFRP dowels for concrete pavements including a discussion on the first in field application of GFRP dowels in Canada.
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Category : Dowels
Languages : en
Pages : 52
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As truck traffic on Iowa secondary roads has increased, engineers have moved to concrete pavements of greater depths. Early designs included thickened edge pavements and depths of seven inches or greater. The designs typically did not have load transfer devices installed in the transverse joints and relied on aggregate interlock for this purpose. In some cases, aggregate interlock was not adequate to deal with the soils and traffic conditions and faulting of the joints has begun to appear. Engineers are now faced with the need to install or retrofit load transfer in the joints to preserve the pavements. Questions associated with this decision range from the type of dowel material to dowel diameter, spacing, number of bars, placement method, and construction techniques to be used to assure reduction or elimination of faulting. Buena Vista County constructed a dowel bar retrofit project on one mile of road. The plan called for addition of the dowels (2, 3, or 4) in the outer wheel path only and surface grinding in lieu of asphalt overlay. The project included the application of elliptical-and round-shaped dowels in a rehabilitation project. Dowel material types included conventional epoxy-coated steel and fiber-reinforced polymer. This work involved the determination of relative costs in materials to be used in this type of work and performance of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) and elliptical-shaped steel dowels in the retrofit work. The results indicate good performance from each of the bar configurations and use the results of ride and deflection testing over the research period to project the benefits that can be gained from each configuration vs. the anticipated construction costs. The reader is cautioned that this project could not relate the number of dowels required to the level of anticipated truck traffic for other roads that might be considered.
Author: Scott Murison
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ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Author: Darren Mackenzie Eddie
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ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 218
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Author: Raymond K. Moore
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Category : Dowels
Languages : en
Pages : 112
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The report discusses the evolutionary developments in mechanistic dowel behaviour theory proposed by Bradbury, Grinter, Friberg, Lessels, Timoshenko, and Westergaard. New findings relating to dowel bar behaviour obtained from finite-element modelling are discussed. A sampling of pavement performance model which use empirical or empirical-mechanistic statistical regressions to estimate load transfer performance (expressed as transverse joint faulting) in terms of material, environmental and traffic variables not considered by theoretical analysis is presented. The findings from a limited number of field performance and laboratory studies are summarised.
Author: Milind Laxman Prabhu
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ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 386
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Author: Kyle Hoegh
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Category : Concrete
Languages : en
Pages : 9
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Dowels are inserted at the mid-depth of joints in jointed concrete pavements that are exposed to heavy loading to provide load transfer and reduce pumping and faulting. Dowel alignment tolerances in North America have traditionally been strict, although not based on substantial performance data. In this paper, new laboratory testing methods are proposed for evaluation of the effects of dowel misalignment on concrete joint behavior. In these tests, dowels with various levels of rotations and translations were subjected to pullout and shear loading. It was found that dowel misalignment does not have a significant effect on pullout and shear forces for certain ranges of misalignments, which far exceed the tolerances recommended by the Federal Highway Administration. At the same time, it was found that extreme cases and combinations of misalignment resulted in a significant decrease in initial stiffness and shear capacity. Therefore, there is a need for the establishment of rational alignment tolerances. The results of this study provide important information for the development of such tolerances.
Author: Tyson Rupnow
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dowels
Languages : en
Pages : 29
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