Author: Celso Castillo Penaredondo
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 308

Get Book Here

Book Description

Author: Erica Spackman
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1588299392
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 147

Get Book Here

Book Description
With the growing global fear of a major pandemic, avian influenza (AI) virus research has greatly increased in importance. In Avian Influenza Virus, an expert team of researchers and diagnosticians examine the fundamental, yet essential, virological methods for AI virus research and diagnostics as well as some of the newest molecular procedures currently used for basic and applied research. They present exciting, cutting-edge new methods that focus both on studying the virus itself and on work with avian hosts, an area greatly lacking in research.

Author: Olufemi Olusegun Fatunmbi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 380

Get Book Here

Book Description

Author: Mody Toure
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 108

Get Book Here

Book Description

Author: Shirene Melissa Singh
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

Get Book Here

Book Description
The avian influenza virus (AIV) is a mucosal pathogen that is of relevance to the poultry industry and humans from economic and public health perspectives. Most commercially available AIV vaccines are of the inactivated type requiring parenteral co-administration with a water-in-oil adjuvant to generate an antigen-specific immune response. Limitations exist in the quantity and quality of antibody-mediated immune responses generated with this approach. This research was aimed at identifying novel, more efficacious adjuvants with the potential to be administered by the intramuscular and aerosol routes. To evaluate the adjuvant potential of class B oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) in chickens, 2 doses of CpG ODN (oligodeoxynucleotides containing unmethylated CpG motifs) 2007 (CpG 2007) and 1826 were administered intramuscularly (IM) with a formalin-inactivated, whole, H9N2 avian influenza virus. We concluded that different members of class B ODNs displayed various levels of adjuvancy when combined with inactivated AIV in chickens based on neutralizing and virus-specific antibody responses generated by the 2 doses. Therefore, CpG 2007 was selected at a specific dose for poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticle encapsulation which was administered with inactivated AIV through the IM and aerosol routes; systemic and local mucosal antibody-mediated responses were assessed. Significantly higher systemic and local mucosal antibody responses were observed after the administration of 3 doses of the nanoparticle-encapsulated CpG 2007 vaccine by the aerosol route compared to the formulation containing nonencapsulated CpG 2007. In contrast, significantly higher systemic and local mucosal antibody responses were induced with the nonencapsulated CpG 2007 formulation by IM administration. To gain a better understanding of the antibody-mediated immune responses, the inactivated AIV vaccine component was encapsulated for IM administration. The protective efficacy of the vaccine and the ability to generate IgY antibodies of high avidity were assessed. Nonencapsulated AIV with encapsulated CpG 2007 elicited significantly higher magnitude antibody mediated responses and a reduction in shedding of cloacal virus compared to the encapsulated AIV and encapsulated CpG formulation. High avidity IgY antibodies were induced by both formulations. In conclusion, the adjuvant potential of CpG 2007 and PLGA nanoparticles was demonstrated in the context of inactivated AIV using IM and aerosol routes of administration.

Author: Bernd Kaspers
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0123972728
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 456

Get Book Here

Book Description
The second edition of Avian Immunology provides an up-to-date overview of the current knowledge of avian immunology. From the ontogeny of the avian immune system to practical application in vaccinology, the book encompasses all aspects of innate and adaptive immunity in chickens. In addition, chapters are devoted to the immunology of other commercially important species such as turkeys and ducks, and to ecoimmunology summarizing the knowledge of immune responses in free-living birds often in relation to reproductive success. The book contains a detailed description of the avian innate immune system, encompassing the mucosal, enteric, respiratory and reproductive systems. The diseases and disorders it covers include immunodepressive diseases and immune evasion, autoimmune diseases, and tumors of the immune system. Practical aspects of vaccination are examined as well. Extensive appendices summarize resources for scientists including cell lines, inbred chicken lines, cytokines, chemokines, and monoclonal antibodies. The world-wide importance of poultry protein for the human diet, as well as the threat of avian influenza pandemics like H5N1 and heavy reliance on vaccination to protect commercial flocks makes this book a vital resource. This book provides crucial information not only for poultry health professionals and avian biologists, but also for comparative and veterinary immunologists, graduate students and veterinary students with an interest in avian immunology. With contributions from 33 of the foremost international experts in the field, this book provides the most up-to-date review of avian immunology so far Contains a detailed description of the avian innate immune system reviewing constitutive barriers, chemical and cellular responses; it includes a comprehensive review of avian Toll-like receptors Contains a wide-ranging review of the "ecoimmunology" of free-living avian species, as applied to studies of population dynamics, and reviews methods and resources available for carrying out such research

Author: Brittany Danielle Graham
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cellulitis
Languages : en
Pages : 92

Get Book Here

Book Description
Alpha-toxigenic Clostridium septicum (CS), the cause of turkey cellulitis, results in devastating mortality with high costs for the industry. Various vaccinations have been evaluated to prevent this disease with moderate success. Ability of a CS bacterin-toxoid, in conjunction with adjuvants such as aluminum hydroxide, mannoslyated chitosan, or a water-in-oil Seppic Montanide 71 R VG adjuvant (OE) to induce immunity was evaluated in a 7-week study (Experiment 1). Poults (20/group) were vaccinated day-of-hatch, boosted at 5 weeks-of-age and compared to unvaccinated controls. Antibody titers were determined by ELISA for all experiments. In experiment 1, initial vaccination with OE resulted in significantly (P

Author: Michelle Anne Lawson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

Get Book Here

Book Description

Author: M.A Lawson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

Get Book Here

Book Description

Author: Richard W Compans
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540921656
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 514

Get Book Here

Book Description
Recent years have seen unprecedented outbreaks of avian influenza A viruses. In particular, highly pathogenic H5N1 viruses have not only resulted in widespread outbreaks in domestic poultry, but have been transmitted to humans, resulting in numerous fatalities. The rapid expansion in their geographic distribution and the possibility that these viruses could acquire the ability to spread from person to person raises the risk that such a virus could cause a global pandemic with high morbidity and mortality. An effective influenza vaccine represents the best approach to prevent and control such an emerging pandemic. However, current influenza vaccines are directed at existing seasonal influenza viruses, which have little or no antigenic relationship to the highly pathogenic H5N1 strains. Concerns about pandemic preparedness have greatly stimulated research activities to develop eff- tive vaccines for pandemic influenza viruses, and to overcome the limitations inh- ent in current approaches to vaccine production and distribution. These limitations include the use of embryonated chicken eggs as the substrate for vaccine prod- tion, which is time-consuming and could involve potential biohazards in growth of new virus strains. Other limitations include the requirement that the current inac- vated influenza vaccines be administered using needles and syringes, requiring trained personnel, which could be a bottleneck when attempting to vaccinate large populations in mass campaigns. In addition, the current inactivated vaccines that are delivered by injection elicit limited protective immunity in the upper respiratory tract where the infection process is initiated.