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Author: Georges El-Gharib
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bridges -- Florida -- Floors -- Design and construction -- Testing
Languages : en
Pages :
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This research evaluated the feasibility of the empirical design method for reinforced concrete bridge decks for the Florida Department of Transportation [FDOT]. There are currently three methods used for deck design: empirical method, traditional method and finite element method. This research investigated and compared the steel reinforcement ratios and the stress developed in the reinforcing steel for the three different methods of deck design. This study included analysis of 15 bridge models that met the FDOT standards. The main beams were designed and load rated using commercial software to obtain live load deflections. The bridges were checked to verify that they met the empirical method conditions based on the FDOT Structures Design Guidelines-- January 2009. The reinforced concrete decks were designed using the traditional design method. Then the bridges were analyzed using three-dimensional linear finite element models with moving live loads. The reinforced concrete decks were designed using dead load moment, live load moment, and future wearing surface moment obtained from the finite element models. The required reinforcing steel ratio obtained from the finite element method was compared to the required reinforcing steel ratio obtained from traditional design method and the empirical design method. Based on the type of beams, deck thicknesses, method of analysis, and other assumptions used in this study, in most cases the required reinforcing steel obtained from the finite element design is closer to that obtained from the empirical design method than that obtained from the traditional design method. It is recommended that the reinforcing steel ratio obtained from the empirical design method be used with increased deck thicknesses to control cracking in the bridge decks interior bays.
Author: Georges El-Gharib
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bridges -- Florida -- Floors -- Design and construction -- Testing
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
This research evaluated the feasibility of the empirical design method for reinforced concrete bridge decks for the Florida Department of Transportation [FDOT]. There are currently three methods used for deck design: empirical method, traditional method and finite element method. This research investigated and compared the steel reinforcement ratios and the stress developed in the reinforcing steel for the three different methods of deck design. This study included analysis of 15 bridge models that met the FDOT standards. The main beams were designed and load rated using commercial software to obtain live load deflections. The bridges were checked to verify that they met the empirical method conditions based on the FDOT Structures Design Guidelines-- January 2009. The reinforced concrete decks were designed using the traditional design method. Then the bridges were analyzed using three-dimensional linear finite element models with moving live loads. The reinforced concrete decks were designed using dead load moment, live load moment, and future wearing surface moment obtained from the finite element models. The required reinforcing steel ratio obtained from the finite element method was compared to the required reinforcing steel ratio obtained from traditional design method and the empirical design method. Based on the type of beams, deck thicknesses, method of analysis, and other assumptions used in this study, in most cases the required reinforcing steel obtained from the finite element design is closer to that obtained from the empirical design method than that obtained from the traditional design method. It is recommended that the reinforcing steel ratio obtained from the empirical design method be used with increased deck thicknesses to control cracking in the bridge decks interior bays.
Author: Irene K. Battaglia
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Concrete bridges
Languages : en
Pages : 7
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Concrete bridges
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Since the service life of concrete bridge decks designed by traditional procedures is often shorter than desired, their ability to withstand constant and heavy use in a variety of operating environments is of major concern. In this project, the relative performance of three bridge decks constructed with different concretes and reinforcing steel configurations was studied to help determine which deck offers the best performance over time. To achieve this objective, an array of strain and temperature instrumentation was embedded in each of the bridge decks prior to placing the deck concrete. The decks were tested under controlled live loads to characterize their structural behavior. The first set of such tests was performed immediately after the bridge decks were completed, and the second was conducted two years later. The long term performance of the three decks under environmental loads (notably, changes in temperature) was studied by continuously monitoring selected strain gages in each bridge, and by conducting periodic visual distress surveys and corrosion tests. In the data collected and analyzed from the live load tests and environmental response monitoring of the three decks, only subtle behavioral differences have been observed. While some aspects of the response have been found to statistically differ between bridges and over time, the significance of these differences remains uncertain, as the bridges are relatively young, and they only exhibit nominal signs of distress. The significance of these differences may become clear in the future, if substantial differences in deck durability and performance emerge over time. The visual distress surveys have found that the majority of the cracking that has occurred in the decks is near the integral abutments and that the Empirical deck had the most extensive cracking in this regard. The analysis presented herein generally serves as a baseline for the relative condition of the three bridges before prolonged demands from traffic and the environment. Should a follow-on project be initiated, data obtained from continued long-term monitoring and live load testing will likely provide a more complete body of evidence from which to ascertain which deck design offers superior performance. Relative to cost, initial expense for each deck was similar, thus the relative cost-to-benefit for the decks will be dependent on the service life that they offer.
Author: Peter O. Jansson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bridges
Languages : en
Pages : 36
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Book Description
This report compares the performance of the isotropic bridge deck design method, also known as the empirical design method, with that of the conventional AASHTO design method given Michigan's environment and vehicle loads. This study looked at ten isotropic decks and several conventional decks on parallel structures. Since the performance of the isotropic design was found to be satisfactory and comparable to the conventional design, it is recommended that the department continue use of the isotropic design method where cost savings are realized.
Author: Eugene J. Obrien
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 148222724X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 338
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Book Description
Captures Current Developments in Bridge Design and MaintenanceRecent research in bridge design and maintenance has focused on the serviceability problems of older bridges with aging joints. The favored solution of integral construction and design has produced bridges with fewer joints and bearings that require less maintenance and deliver increased
Author: C. S. Surana
Publisher: Alpha Science Int'l Ltd.
ISBN: 9788173191534
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 276
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Book Description
This book deals with the well established computer-aided method of grillage analogy as applied to analysis of bridge decks. The method, applicable to various types of bridge decks (such as slab bridges, T-beam bridges and box-girder bridges), can handle rigid or flexible support conditions, and right, skew or curved plan layouts.The procedure and recommendations for idealising the actual bridge decks and loadings into mathematical models are discussed. Two programs, given in ready-to-use form, along with descriptions of various subroutines, can analyse a variety of bridge decks accurately and obtain all the responses required in the design. Their uses are explained through worked-out examples. These programs, along with input-data and exhaustive output results of all the worked-out examples, are also available on a diskette and can be ordered seperately from the authors through the publisher. This will help those who do not want to type programs from the book and run into possible risk of errors.The book will be useful for the students, researchers, teachers, designers and consultants engaged in analysing, designing, vetting, tendering or constructing bridges.
Author: Damien L. Keogh
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9780203984147
Category : Architecture
Languages : en
Pages : 292
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Book Description
The definitive text in the field of Bridge Deck behaviour and analysis Bridge Deck Analysis is an essential reference for civil and structural engineers. It provides bridge designers with the knowledge to understand the behaviour of bridge decks, to be familiar with, and to understand the various numerical modelling techniques, to know which technique is most suited. The book covers the grillage analogy, dedicates a chapter to the modelling and analysis of integral bridge forms and also provides guidance of the application of the finite element method.
Author: J. A. Puckett
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Concrete bridges
Languages : en
Pages : 164
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Book Description
Author: J. A. Puckett
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Concrete bridges
Languages : en
Pages : 56
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 225
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