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Author: Alpha Labiano
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Carbon
Languages : en
Pages : 88
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Book Description
Mesoporous materials that possess large surface area, tunable pore size, and ordered structures are attractive features for many applications such as adsorption, protein separation, enzyme encapsulation and drug delivery as these materials can be tailored to host different guest molecules. Films provide a model system to understand how the pore orientation impacts the potential for loading and release of selectively sized molecules. This research work aims to develop structure-property relationships to understand how pore size, geometry, and surface hydrophobicity influence the loading and release of drug molecules. In this study, the pore size is systematically varied by incorporating pore-swelling agent of polystyrene oligomers (hPS) to soft templated mesoporous carbon films fabricated by cooperative assembly of poly(styrene-block-ethylene oxide) (SEO) with phenolic resin. To examine the impact of morphology, different compositions of amphiphilic triblock copolymer templates, poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(propylene oxide)-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-PPO-PEO), are used to form two-dimensional hexagonal and cubic mesostructures. Lastly, the carbonization temperature provides a handle to tune the hydrophobicity of the film. These mesoporous films are then utilized to understand the uptake and release of a model drug Mitoxantrone dihydrochloride from nanostructured materials. The largest pore size (6nm) mesoporous carbon based on SEO exhibits the largest uptake (3.5 & mu;g/cm2); this is attributed to presence of larger internal volume compared to the other two films. In terms of release, a controlled response is observed for all films with the highest release for the 2nm cubic film (1.45 & mu;g/cm2) after 15 days, but this is only 56 % of the drug loaded. Additionally, the surface hydrophobicity impacts the fraction of drug release with a decrease from 78% to 43%, as the films become more hydrophobic when carbonized at higher temperatures. This work provides a model system to understand how pore morphology, size and chemistry influence the drug loading and release for potential implant applications.
Author: Alpha Labiano
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Carbon
Languages : en
Pages : 88
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Book Description
Mesoporous materials that possess large surface area, tunable pore size, and ordered structures are attractive features for many applications such as adsorption, protein separation, enzyme encapsulation and drug delivery as these materials can be tailored to host different guest molecules. Films provide a model system to understand how the pore orientation impacts the potential for loading and release of selectively sized molecules. This research work aims to develop structure-property relationships to understand how pore size, geometry, and surface hydrophobicity influence the loading and release of drug molecules. In this study, the pore size is systematically varied by incorporating pore-swelling agent of polystyrene oligomers (hPS) to soft templated mesoporous carbon films fabricated by cooperative assembly of poly(styrene-block-ethylene oxide) (SEO) with phenolic resin. To examine the impact of morphology, different compositions of amphiphilic triblock copolymer templates, poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(propylene oxide)-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-PPO-PEO), are used to form two-dimensional hexagonal and cubic mesostructures. Lastly, the carbonization temperature provides a handle to tune the hydrophobicity of the film. These mesoporous films are then utilized to understand the uptake and release of a model drug Mitoxantrone dihydrochloride from nanostructured materials. The largest pore size (6nm) mesoporous carbon based on SEO exhibits the largest uptake (3.5 & mu;g/cm2); this is attributed to presence of larger internal volume compared to the other two films. In terms of release, a controlled response is observed for all films with the highest release for the 2nm cubic film (1.45 & mu;g/cm2) after 15 days, but this is only 56 % of the drug loaded. Additionally, the surface hydrophobicity impacts the fraction of drug release with a decrease from 78% to 43%, as the films become more hydrophobic when carbonized at higher temperatures. This work provides a model system to understand how pore morphology, size and chemistry influence the drug loading and release for potential implant applications.
Author: Ozge Polat
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781369616156
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Nanostructured materials have shown significant potential for biomedical applications that require high loading capacity and controlled release of drugs. Nanoporous gold (np-Au), produced by an alloy corrosion process, is a novel nanostructured material that benefits from tunable pore morphology, microfabrication compatibility, electrical conductivity, well-established gold-thiol conjugate chemistry, and biocompatibility. While np-Au’s non-biological applications are abundant, its performance in the biomedical field is nascent. In this work, we studied loading capacity and molecular release kinetics of np-Au thin films by using fluorescein as a small-molecule drug surrogate. Effective surface area of sub-micron thick np-Au films played the largest role in determining loading capacity while the release kinetics depended on a complex set of factors such as morphological features of the film, surface-molecule interactions in the elution medium, and surface chemistry. Specifically, the interplay of halide-gold interaction probability and affinity determined of the nature of release kinetics in physiological release medium. Furthermore, this interfacial phenomenon was controlled by functionalizing the np-Au with self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of varying functional groups and chain lengths of alkanethiols to modulate electrostatic interactions and steric hindrance. Therefore, by changing film properties such as film thickness and pore morphology, or manipulating the interfacial interactions between np-Au surface and the constituents of the release medium, it is possible to tune the loading capacity and molecular release kinetics. Moreover, stabilizing phospholipid bilayers on np-Au can enable studying the effect of topography on lipid-np-Au surface interactions and pave the way for a more sophisticated stimuli-responsive release system. These findings show the potential of integrating np-Au as a versatile material into drug delivery systems and various other platforms (e.g., iontophoretic drug release, electrochemical biosensors, nanoparticle-based theranostics, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy), where gold and nanostructure are instrumental to device performance.
Author: Zidong Li
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780438931206
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Precise timing and dosing of therapeutic administration is critical for effective pharmaceutical management of disorders that exhibit time-varying therapeutic windows such as epilepsy and study of basic biological phenomena influenced by soluble factor signals. While many controlled drug delivery technologies under development have shown significant promises, the ability to delivery drug molecules on demand with arbitrary time-varying waveforms of doses is at its infancy. In this work, we employ nanoporous gold (np-Au) as the workhorse of the drug delivery platform by using fluorescein as a small-molecule drug surrogate. Np-Au is produced by dissolving silver from a silver-rich gold alloy in heated nitric acid, where gold atoms go under surface diffusion to create a bicontinuous open-pore structure. A wide range of attractive features, including high surface area-to-volume ratio, tunable morphology and surface chemistry, biocompatibility, electrical conductivity, and compatibility with conventional microfabrication techniques, are desirable for precise control of molecular release. These features enable high small-molecule loading capacity and release kinetics and pave the way for np-Au’s use in molecular release applications. We first developed a microfluidic platform to investigate the fluorescein release from np-Au. In contrast to the conventional method to for sampling the elution medium at discrete time points, which yields only the cumulative release profiles, this microfluidic platform enabled real-time monitoring of instantaneous release profiles via a LabVIEW interface to fluorescence microscopy. With this microfluidic platform, the fluorescein release from np-Au film was studied under two different conditions, representing two physiologically-relevant modes: flow-mode for modeling the case of a drug-eluting stent and static-mode for mimicking the case of drug-eluting brain implant. In order to mitigate sensitivity of np-Au to halides in physiological buffer and permit higher applied voltages without producing undesirable faradaic reactions, a conformal aluminum oxide (alumina) dielectric shell was deposited on the entire surface of np-Au thin films. We then integrated the microfluidic device into a voltage-gated iontophoretic release platform and systematically investigated the influence of applied voltage on loading capacity and release kinetics of alumina-coated np-Au. Finally, a LabVIEW-based closed-loop control interface was employed to demonstrate voltage-gated fluorescein release in pre- programmed arbitrary time-varying concentration profiles with picogram dosing and a few seconds temporal resolution (120 pg/min). We expect this work to create new opportunities for multifunctional biointerfaces (e.g., neural electrodes) that can deliver soluble factors (e.g., neuromodulators) at physiologically-relevant time scales and doses.
Author: Glen S. Kwon
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9780824725327
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 680
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Book Description
Emphasizing four major classes of polymers for drug delivery-water-soluble polymers, hydrogels, biodegradable polymers, and polymer assemblies-this reference surveys efforts to adapt, modify, and tailor polymers for challenging molecules such as poorly water-soluble compounds, peptides/proteins, and plasmid DNA.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dissertations, Academic
Languages : en
Pages : 768
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Book Description
Author: Mayank Pandey
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0443191409
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 874
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Book Description
Polymer Nanocomposite Films and Coatings: Processes, Fundamental Properties and Applications presents a comprehensive review on the fundamental chemistry, physics, biology and engineering aspects of polymer nanocomposite films and coatings.The content of the book covers design configuration, synthesis and processing methods, structure, fundamental properties, and a wide range of applications in diverse research fields. Various unresolved issues and new technical challenges regarding regulatory affairs, safety considerations and environmental and health impact are also discussed in detail.The book will be a valuable reference resource for scientists, engineers, and postgraduate students, working in the field of polymer composites and nanocomposites helping them to find solutions to both fundamental and applied problems associated with this important research field. Presents recent research developments in the synthesis, processing, functionalization, and properties of polymer nanocomposite films and coatings Covers applications in electronics and optoelectronic devices, sensors and actuators, solar energy, food packaging, anticorrosion, anti-wear, antifouling, electromagnetic interference shielding, dielectric, aerospace, and textile industries as well as in biomedical fields for antibacterial, antifungal, and drug delivery applications Includes comprehensive coverage with a global, internationally recognized author-base
Author: George E. Totten
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1351045628
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 2957
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Book Description
This encyclopedia, written by authoritative experts under the guidance of an international panel of key researchers from academia, national laboratories, and industry, is a comprehensive reference covering all major aspects of metallurgical science and engineering of aluminum and its alloys. Topics covered include extractive metallurgy, powder metallurgy (including processing), physical metallurgy, production engineering, corrosion engineering, thermal processing (processes such as metalworking and welding, heat treatment, rolling, casting, hot and cold forming), surface engineering and structure such as crystallography and metallography.
Author: Vineet Kumar
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1351021605
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 419
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Book Description
Nanomaterials contain some unique properties compared to their bulk. Their unique properties are due to the chemical nature of the material, small size, and surface functionalization. Along with control over size, the functionalization of nanomaterials also affects their compatibility to the environment and living organisms. This book provides a detailed account of nanomaterials functionalization along with a brief overview of their application. This book serves as a reference for scientific investigators including doctoral and postdoctoral scholars and undergradate and graduate students who need to have knowledge of the basics of nanomaterial functionalization, recent advancements, challenges, and opportunities in this field. This book will also provide critical and comparative data for nano-technologists and may be beneficial for industry personnel, journalists, policy makers, and the general public to help understand functionalized nanomaterials in detail and in depth. Features: This book is comprehensive and covers all aspects of functionalized nanotechnology. It describes the challenges and methods of functionalized nanomaterials synthesis for different applications. It discusses the recent findings and cutting-edge global research trends on the functionalization of nanomaterials. It emphasizes the products and market, safety, and regulatory issues of functionalized nanomaterials. It contains contributions from international experts and will be a valuable resource for researchers.
Author: Sanjay Malhotra
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1482245965
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 316
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Book Description
The field of molecular materials research looks at the preparation and characterization of potentially useful materials with enhanced physical, chemical, and biomedical properties. Molecular Materials: Preparation, Characterization, and Applications discusses the cutting-edge interdisciplinary research in the area of advanced molecular-based materials. This book explores multiple aspects of molecular materials, including their synthesis and characterization, and gives information on their application in various fields.
Author: Masoud Mozafari
Publisher: Woodhead Publishing
ISBN: 0128169842
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 584
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Book Description
Metal-Organic Frameworks for Biomedical Applications is a comprehensive, authoritative reference that offers a substantial and complete treatment of published results that have yet to be critically reviewed. It offers a summary of current research and provides in-depth understanding of the role of metal-organic frameworks in biomedical engineering. The title consists of twenty-two chapters presented by leading international researchers in the field. Chapters are arranged by target-application in biomedical engineering, allowing medical and pharmaceutic specialists to translate current materials and engineering science on metal-organic frameworks into their work. Presents the state-of-the art in metal-organic frameworks for biomedical applications Offers comprehensive treatment of metal-organic frameworks that is useful to pharmaceutic and medical experts who are non-specialists in materials science Helps materials scientists and engineers understand the needs of biomedical engineering Critically-reviews published results and current research in the field
