Evaluation of Inhibitors for Rebar Corrosion in Concrete Using Resistance Change Method PDF Download
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Author: Brian D. Chambers
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Brian D. Chambers
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Brian D. Chambers
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Corrosion and anti-corrosives
Languages : en
Pages : 68
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Book Description
The corrosion of reinforcing steel in concrete is estimated to affect more than 50% of the 575,000 bridges in the United States. One approach to mitigating this problem is to use corrosion-inhibitive compounds admixed into the concrete paste. This study sought to examine the corrosion inhibition performance of a series of compounds admixed into high-quality concrete and to delineate the effects of these compounds on the concrete with regard to the corrosion process. A series of eight compounds were admixed into Type A4 concrete. The compounds tested were aminoethylethanolamine, aminothiophenol, di-sodium Beta-glycerophosphate, calcium nitrite, di-n-butyl sulfoxide, lithium nitrate, sodium metasilicate, and nitrilotriphosphonic acid. Concrete blocks were cast, into which were placed 0.009-in.-diameter 1040 steel wires. The corrosion rate was assessed via a resistance change measurement (RCM) of these wires over time using a temperature-corrected four-point resistance measurement. The time-to-open circuit for the wires was also monitored. RCM was compared to (1) electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results of tests conducted in a simulated pore solution, and (2) chloride permeability measurements of the concrete as per ASTM C 1202. The effect of the admixtures on the compressive strength and density of the concrete was also assessed. RCM and time-to-open circuit results showed that four test inhibitors had equal or better corrosion prevention at 2 years of testing compared to a widely used commercial mix (DCI). These test inhibitors included di-sodium Beta-glycerophosphate (0.283 mol/cu ft and 0.815 mol/cu ft), aminoethylethanolamine (0.815 mol/cu ft), lithium nitrate (0.815 mol/cu ft), and sodium metasilicate (0.815 mol/cu ft). After 100 weeks, 33% to 44% of the wires were active in concrete admixed with these test compounds, whereas only 25% of the wires were active in concrete admixed with DCI. This research has also shown that the performance of a corrosion inhibitor in high-quality concrete is a function of numerous interrelated factors that are not predicted from any single laboratory test. These tests provide promising results for alternative inhibitive admixtures for standard Type A4 concrete. It is recommended that additional tests be conducted on concrete mixtures containing slag and fly ash using multiple concentrations of the four most promising inhibitors. Further testing may lead to the implementation of a better corrosion-inhibiting admixture, thus increasing the service life of bridges.
Author: Stephen R. Sharp
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Concrete bridges
Languages : en
Pages : 38
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This study investigated the use of penetrating corrosion inhibitors to extend the life of existing reinforced concrete bridge decks. The use of assisted (vacuum/pressure injection) and unassisted (diffusion) treatment methods and two inhibitors were evaluated. The inhibitors were FerroGard 903, from Sika Corp., and TPS-II, from Surtreat International. Testing was performed on exposure slabs with 15 lb/yd3 of NaCl in the top layer and no NaCl in the bottom layer. The slab design was a variation of the specimen design provided in ASTM G109, with each slab containing nine steel reinforcing rods instead of three. The exposure slabs had either a uniform cover over the top pieces of steel or an inclined cover over the steel. TPS-II was also evaluated on the deck of a bridge in Orange County, Virginia. The study found that when applied to the concrete surface, neither inhibitor penetrated the concrete to reach the steel reinforcement. The vacuum/pressure injection method showed promise but requires refinement. In addition, based on macro-cell measurements, a sufficient quantity of inhibitor can be injected into the concrete to reduce the charge passed.
Author: M Raupach
Publisher: Woodhead Publishing
ISBN: 1845692284
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 337
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Book Description
Given the widespread use of reinforced concrete in infrastructure, understanding the corrosion of this material is of major importance. As a result there has been a wealth of research into catalysts, inhibitors and effective means of monitoring the rate of corrosion. Corrosion of reinforcement in concrete: mechanisms, monitoring, inhibitors and rehabilitation techniques summarises some of the most significant research and its implications.The book begins by reviewing findings from various experiments designed to test the corrosion rate of metals induced by a range of factors. Later chapters discuss techniques for monitoring and testing for corrosion. The book concludes by assessing important methods of prevention, including corrosion inhibitors, protective coatings and electrochemical methods for protection, together with rehabilitation procedures for susceptible structures.Filled with practical examples and written by a distinguished team of international contributors, Corrosion of reinforcement in concrete: mechanisms, monitoring, inhibitors and rehabilitation techniques is an essential reference for civil engineers using reinforced concrete. Summarises research into catalysts, inhibitors and effective means of monitoring the rate of corrosion Concludes by assessing important methods of prevention
Author: Pascal Claude Raymond Guerin
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Concrete
Languages : en
Pages : 654
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Author: Bernhard Elsener
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 84
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Book Description
The use of inhibitors for rehabilitation of reinforced concrete structures is a new field of application and this new volume provides a State of the Art Report on this subject. Corrosion of steel in concrete is one of the major problems for infrastructure such as bridges, tunnels, housing etc. since it leads to spalling of the concrete and loss in cross section of the steel that may cause structural and safety problems. The steel in concrete generally resists corrosion as a result of a passive layer that develops on the metal surface in the alkaline environment of the concrete. Corrosion can occur if these conditions are disturbed, for example, in the presence of chlorides or with carbonation of concrete. Traditional repair methods consist in removing the deteriorated concrete and replacing it but these can be laborious, noisy and very costly. To avoid these disadvantages new methods have been developed in recent years. These include electrochemical procedures and, increasingly, the use of inhibitors. The use of inhibitors for rehabilitation of reinforced concrete structures is a new field of application and this new volume provides a State of the Art Report on this subject.The report, under the editorship of Prof. Bernhard Elsener, was prepared by a Task Group of the EFC Working Party on Corrosion of Reinforcement in Concrete. In a literature review it describes inorganic and organic chemicals that have been proposed and examined as well as the commercial corrosion inhibitors that are available on the market. Protection mechanism and possible effects of inhibitors on concrete properties are described. Practical experience with inhibitors for steel in concrete and the long term effectiveness are considered. The various test methods for evaluating the behaviour of the inhibitors are described and critically assessed. In a rapidly evolving field this State of the Art Report, based mainly on independent not commercial literature, will be of value to corrosion engineers and civil engineers concerned with maintenance and repair of reinforced concrete structures.
Author: Mahmood Aliofkhazraei
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 9535139177
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 264
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To protect metals or alloys from corrosion, some methods can be used such as isolating the structure from the aggressive media or compensating the loss of electrons from the corroded structure. The use of corrosion inhibitors may include organic and inorganic compounds that adsorb on the metallic structure to isolate it from its surrounding media to decrease oxidation-reduction processes. This book collects new developments about corrosion inhibitors and their recent applications.
Author: Victor Chaker
Publisher: ASTM International
ISBN: 9780803104686
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 150
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Author: Michael M. Sprinkel
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Epoxy coatings
Languages : en
Pages : 58
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One hundred and fifty-six exposure slabs have been constructed with and without a variety of combinations of corrosion inhibiting admixtures and topically applied inhibitors. To accelerate corrosion one hundred and thirty-six of the slabs were constructed with concrete that surrounded the top mat of reinforcement with chloride contents of 3,6, 10, and 15 Ib/yd3 (1.8,3.5,5.9, and 8.9 kg/m3). This paper presents the results from measurements made on the slabs in May 1998 after approximately 1 year of exposure. The measurements show that as the chloride ion content in the slabs increases, the macrocell current, macrocell potential, half-cell potential, and rate of corrosion increase and the resistance decreases. Macrocell currents exceed 10 uA, indicating corrosion activity, in slabs cast with chloride in the concrete except those with 3 Ib/yd3 (1.8 kg/m3 ) of chloride that were overlayed and patched or patched. Measurements taken to determine the rate of corrosion indicate high, moderate, low, and passive states of corrosion in 63,22, 12, and 3 percent, respectively, of the slabs. The measurements also show no significant difference between the slabs repaired with and without corrosion inhibitor admixtures and topical treatments. Slabs repaired with 7% silica fume showed half-cell potentials that were less negative than those repaired without silica fume.
Author: Habib Tabatabai
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Concrete bridges
Languages : en
Pages : 376
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