Evaluation of Gas-reburning and Low NO(subscript X) Burners on a Wall Fired Boiler. Technical Progress Report No. 5, October 1--December 31, 1991 PDF Download
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Languages : en
Pages : 18
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Low NO(subscript x) burners operate on the principle of delayed mixing between the coal fuel and burner air, so that less NO(subscript x) is formed. Gas reburning is a combustion modification technique that consists of firing 80--85 percent of the fuel corresponding to the total heat release in the lower furnace. Reduction of NO(subscript x) to molecular nitrogen (N2) is accomplished via the downstream injection of the remaining fuel requirement in the form of natural gas (which also reduces the total SO(subscript x) emissions). In a third stage, burnout air is injected at the lower temperatures in the upper furnace to complete the combustion process without generating significant additional NO(subscript x). The specific goal of this project is to demonstrate NO(subscript x) emission reductions of 75 percent or more as a result of combing Low NO(subscript x) Burners and Gas Reburning on a utility boiler having the design characteristics mentioned above. A Host Site Agreement has been signed by EER and a utility company in the State of Colorado: Public Service Company of Colorado (Cherokee Unit No. 3, 172 MW{sub e}) front wall fired boiler near Denver.
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Languages : en
Pages : 18
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Book Description
Low NO(subscript x) burners operate on the principle of delayed mixing between the coal fuel and burner air, so that less NO(subscript x) is formed. Gas reburning is a combustion modification technique that consists of firing 80--85 percent of the fuel corresponding to the total heat release in the lower furnace. Reduction of NO(subscript x) to molecular nitrogen (N2) is accomplished via the downstream injection of the remaining fuel requirement in the form of natural gas (which also reduces the total SO(subscript x) emissions). In a third stage, burnout air is injected at the lower temperatures in the upper furnace to complete the combustion process without generating significant additional NO(subscript x). The specific goal of this project is to demonstrate NO(subscript x) emission reductions of 75 percent or more as a result of combing Low NO(subscript x) Burners and Gas Reburning on a utility boiler having the design characteristics mentioned above. A Host Site Agreement has been signed by EER and a utility company in the State of Colorado: Public Service Company of Colorado (Cherokee Unit No. 3, 172 MW{sub e}) front wall fired boiler near Denver.
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Languages : en
Pages : 15
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Clean Coal Technology (CCT) implies the use of coal in an environmentally acceptable manner. Coal combustion results in the emission of oxides of nitrogen (NO(subscript x)), which are precursors of both acid rain and ozone formation. The primary objective of this CCT project is to evaluate the use of Gas Reburning and Low NO(subscript x) Burners (GR-LNB) for SO(subscript x) emission control from a wall fired boiler. It is anticipated that, if the demonstration is successful, the GR-LNB technology could become commercialized during the 1990's and will be capable of (1) achieving significant reduction in the emissions of nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide (another acid rain precursor) from existing facilities to minimize environmental impacts such as transboundary and interstate pollution and/or (2) providing for future energy needs in an environmentally acceptable manner. Low NO(subscript x) burners are designed to delay the mixing of the coal fuel with combustion air to minimize the NO(subscript x) formation. Typically, one may obtain up to 50% reduction in NO(subscript x) emissions through the use of LNB. For LNB applications, the technology is developed and a number of LNB designs are commercially available. With GR, about 80--85 percent of the coal fuel is fired in the main combustion zone. The balance of the fuel is added downstream as natural gas to create a slightly fuel rich environment in which NO(subscript x) is converted to N2. The combustion process is completed by over-fire air addition. SO(subscript x) emissions are reduced to the extent that natural gas replaces sulfur-containing coal. The level of NOX reduction achievable with 15--20% natural gas is on the order of 50--60%. Thus the emission reduction target of the combination of these two developed technologies is about 75%.
![Evaluation of Gas-Reburning and Low NO(subscript X) Burners on a Wall Fired Boiler. [Quarterly] Technical Progress Report No. 15, April 1--June 30, 1994 PDF](https://books.google.com/books/content/images/frontcover/PHy8DAEACAAJ?fife=w80-h100)
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 17
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Book Description
Clean Coal Technology (CCT) implies the use of coal in an environmentally acceptable manner. Coal combustion results in the emission of oxides of nitrogen (No), which are precursors of both acid rain and ozone formation. The primary objective of this CCT project is to evaluate the use of Gas Reburning and Low NO(subscript x) Burners (GR-LNB) for NO(subscript x) emission control from a wall fired boiler. It is anticipated that, if the demonstration is successful, the GR-LNB technology could become commercialized during the 1 990' s and will be capable of (1) achieving significant reduction in the emissions of nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide (another acid rain precursor) from existing facilities to minimize environmental impacts such as transboundary and interstate pollution and/or (2) providing for future energy needs in an environmentally acceptable manner. Low NO(subscript x) burners are designed to delay the mixing of the coal fuel with combustion air to minimize the NO(subscript x) formation. Typically, one may obtain up to 50% reduction in NO(subscript x) emissions through the use of LNB. For LNB applications, the technology is developed and a number of LNB designs are commercially available. With GR, about 80--85 percent of the coal fuel is fired in the main combustion zone. The balance of the fuel is added downstream as natural gas to create a slightly fuel rich environment in which NO(subscript x) is converted to N2. The combustion process is completed by over-fire air addition. SO(subscript x) emissions are reduced to the extent that natural gas replaces sulfur-containing coal. The level of NO(subscript x) reduction achievable with 15--20% natural gas is on the order of 50--60%. Thus the emission reduction target of the combination of these two developed technologies is about 70%.
![Evaluation of Gas-Reburning and Low NO(subscript X) Burners on a Wall Fired Boiler. [Quarterly] Technical Progress Report No. 13, October 1--December 31, 1993 PDF](https://books.google.com/books/content/images/frontcover/H6OiDAEACAAJ?fife=w80-h100)
Author:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 24
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Book Description
Clean Coal Technology (CCT) implies the use of coal in an environmentally acceptable manner. Coal combustion results in the emission of oxides of nitrogen (NO(subscript x)), which are precursors of both acid rain and ozone formation. The primary objective of this CCT project is to evaluate the use of Gas Reburning and Low NO(subscript x) Burners (GR-LNB) for NO(subscript x) emission control from a wall fired boiler. It is anticipated that, if the demonstration is successful, the GR-LNB technology could become commercialized during the 1990's and will be capable of (1) achieving significant reduction in the emissions of nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide (another acid rain precursor) from existing facilities to minimize environmental impacts such as transboundary and interstate pollution and/or (2) providing for future energy needs in an environmentally acceptable manner. Low NO(subscript x) burners are designed to delay the mixing of the coal fuel with combustion air to minimize the NO(subscript x) formation. Typically, one may obtain up to 50% reduction in NO(subscript x) emissions through the use of LNB. For LNB applications, the technology is developed and a number of LNB designs are commercially available. With GR, about 80--85 percent of the coal fuel is fired in the main combustion zone. The balance of the fuel is added downstream as natural gas to create a slightly fuel rich environment in which NO(subscript x) is converted to N2. The combustion process is completed by over-fire air addition. SO(subscript x) emissions are reduced to the extent that natural gas replaces sulfur-containing coal. The level of NO(subscript x) reduction achievable with 15--20% natural gas is on the order of 50--60%. Thus the emission reduction target of the combination of these two developed technologies is about 70%. Progress is described for Phase III on operation, data collection, reporting and disposition.
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 16
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Book Description
Clean Coal Technology (CCT) implies the use of coal in an environmentally acceptable manner. Coal combustion results in the emission of oxides of nitrogen (NO(subscript x)), which are precursors of both acid rain and ozone formation. The primary objective of this project is to evaluate the use of Gas Reburning and Low NO(subscript x) Burners (GR-LNB) for NO(subscript x) emission control from a wall fired boiler. Low NO(subscript x) burners are designed to delay the mixing of the coal fuel with combustion air to minimize the NO(subscript x), formation. Typically, one may obtain up to 50% reduction in NO(subscript x) emissions through the use of LNB. With GR, about 80--85 percent of the coal fuel is fired in the main combustion zone. The balance of the fuel is added downstream as natural gas to create a slightly fuel rich environment in which NO(subscript x) is converted to N2. The combustion process is completed by over-fire air addition. SO(subscript x) emissions are reduced to the extent that natural gas replaces sulfur-containing coal. The level of NO(subscript x) reduction achievable with 15--20% natural gas is on the order of 50--60%. Thus the emission reduction target of the combination of these two developed technologies is about 70%. Progress is described.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 24
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Book Description
Clean Coal Technology (CCT) implies the use of coal in an environmentally acceptable manner. Coal combustion results in the emission of oxides of nitrogen (NO(subscript x)), which are precursors of both acid rain and ozone formation. The primary objective of this CCT project is to evaluate the use of Gas Reburning and Low NO(subscript x) Burners (GR-LNB) for NO(subscript x) emission control from a wall fired boiler. It is anticipated that, if the demonstration is successful, the GR-LNB technology could become commercialized during the 1990's and will be capable of (1) achieving significant reduction in the emissions of nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide (another acid rain precursor) from existing facilities to minimize environmental impacts such as transboundary and interstate pollution and/or (2) providing for future energy needs in an environmentally acceptable manner. Phase III of the project was approved and commenced on April 15, 1992. Phase III activities during this reporting period involved the continuation of long term testing and the extension of the program through 6-30-95. Additional funds were also allocated and changes in the workscope of Phase III were made to include Gas Reburning System Enhancements.
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 16
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Book Description
Clean Coal Technology (CCT) implies the use of coal in an environmentally acceptable manner. Coal combustion results in the emission of oxides of nitrogen (NO(subscript x)), which are precursors of both acid rainand ozone formation. The primary objective of this CCT project is to evaluate the use of Gas Reburning and Low NO(subscript x) Burners (GR-LNB) for NO(subscript x) emission control from a wall fired boiler. It is anticipated that, if the demonstration is successful, the GR-LNB technology could become commercialized during the 1990's and will be capable of (1) achieving significant reduction in the emissions of nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide (another acid rain precursor) from existing facilities to minimize environmental impacts such as transboundary and interstate pollution and/or (2) providing for future energy needs in an environmentally acceptable manner. Low NO(subscript x) burners are designed to delay the mixing of the coal fuel with combustion air to minimize the NO(subscript x) formation. Typically, one may obtain up to 50% reduction in NO(subscript x) emissions through the use of LNB. For LNB applications, the technology is developed and a number of LNB designs are commercially available. With GR, about 80--85 percent of the coal fuel is fired in the main combustion zone. The balance of the fuel is added downstream as natural gas to create a slightly fuel rich environment in which NO(subscript x), is converted to N2. The combustion process is completed by over-fire air addition. SO(subscript x) emissions are reduced to the extent that natural gas replaces sulfur-containing coal. The level of NO(subscript x) reduction achievable with 15--20% natural gas is on the order of 50--60 %. Thus the emission reduction target of the combination of these two developed technologies is about 75%.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 20
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Book Description
Clean Coal Technology (CCT) implies the use of coal in an environmentally acceptable manner. Coal combustion results in the emission of oxides of nitrogen (NO(subscript x)), which are precursors of both acid rain and ozone formation. The primary objective of this CCT project is to evaluate the use of Gas Reburning and Low NO(subscript x) Burners (GR-LNB) for NO(subscript x) emission control from a wall fired boiler. It is anticipated that, if the demonstration is successful, the GR-LNB technology could become commercialized during the 1990's and will be capable of (1) achieving significant reduction in the emissions of nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide (another acid rain precursor) from existing facilities to minimize environmental impacts such as transboundary and interstate pollution and/or (2) providing for future energy needs in an environmentally acceptable manner. Low NO(subscript x) burners are designed to delay the mixing of the coal fuel with combustion air to minimize the NO(subscript x) formation. Typically, one may obtain up to 50% reduction in NO(subscript x) emissions through the use of LNB. For LNB applications, the technology is developed and a number of LNB designs are commercially available. With GR, about 80--85 percent of the coal fuel is fired in the main combustion zone. The balance of the fuel is added downstream as natural gas to create a slightly fuel rich environment in which NO(subscript x) is converted to N2. The combustion process is completed by over-fire air addition. SO(subscript x) emissions are reduced to the extent that natural gas replaces sulfur-containing coal. The level of NO(subscript x) reduction achievable with 15--20% natural gas is on the order of 50--60%. Thus the emission reduction target of the combination of these two developed technologies is about 70%.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 20
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Book Description
Clean Coal Technology (CCT) implies the use of coal in an environmentally acceptable manner. Coal combustion results in the emission of oxides of nitrogen (NO(subscript x)), which are precursors of both acid rain and ozone formation. The primary objective of this CCT project is to evaluate the use of Gas Reburning and Low NO(subscript x) Burners (GR-LNB) for NO(subscript x) emission control from a wall fired boiler. It is anticipated that, if the demonstration is successful, the GR-LNB technology could become commercialized during the 1990's and will be capable of (1) achieving significant reduction in the emissions of nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide (another acid rain precursor) from existing facilities to minimize environmental impacts such as transboundary and interstate pollution and/or (2) providing for future energy needs in an environmentally acceptable manner. Low NO(subscript x) burners are designed to delay the mixing of the coal fuel with combustion air to minimize the NO(subscript x) formation. Typically, one may obtain up to 50% reduction in NO(subscript x) emissions through the use of LNB. For LNB applications, the technology is developed and a number of LN-B designs are commercially available. With GR, about 80-85 percent of the coal fuel is fired in the main combustion zone. The balance of the fuel is added downstream as natural gas to create a slightly fuel rich environment in which NO(subscript x) is converted to N2. The combustion process is completed by over-fire air addition. SO(subscript x) emissions are reduced to the extent that natural gas replaces sulfur-containing coal. The level of NO(subscript x) reduction achievable with 15-20% natural gas is on the order of 50-60%. Thus the emission reduction target of the combination of these two developed technologies is about 70%.
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Languages : en
Pages :
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Under the U.S. Department of Energy's Clean Coal Technology Program (Round 3), aproject was completed to demonstrate control of boiler NOX emissions and to a lesserdegree, due to coal replacement, SO2 emissions. The project involved combining GasReburning with Low NOX Burners (GR-LNB) on a coal-fired electric utility boiler todetermine if high levels of NOX reduction (70%) could be achieved. Sponsors of the projectincluded the U.S. Department of Energy, the Gas Research Institute, Public ServiceCompany of Colorado, Colorado Interstate Gas, Electric Power Research Institute, and theEnergy and Environmental Research Corporation. The GR-LNB demonstration wasperformed on Public Service Company of Colorado's (PSCO) Cherokee Unit#3, locatedin Denver, Colorado. This unit is a 172 MW wall-fired boiler that uses ColoradoBituminous, low-sulfur coal. It had a baseline NOX emission level of 0.73 lb/106 Btu usingconventional burners. Low NOX burners are designed to yield lower NOX emissions than conventional burners. However, the NOX control achieved with this technique is limited to 30-50%. Also, withLNBs, CO emissions can increase to above acceptable standards. Gas Reburning (GR)is designed to reduce NOX in the flue gas by staged fuel combustion. This technologyinvolves the introduction of natural gas into the hot furnace flue gas stream. When combined, GR and LNBs minimize NOX emissions and maintain acceptable levels of COemissions. A comprehensive test program was completed, operating over a wide rangeof boiler conditions. Over 4,000 hours of operation were achieved, providing substantialdata. Measurements were taken to quantify reductions in NOX emissions, the impact onboiler equipment and operability and factors influencing costs. The GR-LNB technologyachieved good NOX emission reductions and the goals of the project were achieved. Although the performance of the low NOX burners (supplied by others) was less thanexpected, a NOX reduction of 65% was achieved at an average gas heat input of 18Y0. Theperformance goal of 70% reduction was met on many test runs, but at a higher reburn gasheat input. S02 emissions, based on coal replacement, were reduced by 18Y0. Theperformance goal of 70% reduction was met on many test runs, but at a higher reburn gasheat input. S02 emissions, based on coal replacement, were reduced by 18Y0. Toward the end of the program, a Second Generation gas injection system was installed. Higher injector gas pressures were used that eliminated the need for flue gas recirculationas used in the first generation design. The Second Generation GR resulted in similar NOXreduction performance as that for the First Generation. With an improvement in the LNBperformance in combination with the new gas injection system, the reburn gas could bereduced to 12.5% of the total boiler heat input to achieve al 64?40 reduction in NO, emissions. In addition, the OFA injectors were modified to provide for better mixing tolower CO emissions.
