Evaluation of Commercial Soybean Inoculants for Bradyrhizobium Japonicum Nodulation PDF Download
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Author: Erin Irene Drumm
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Legumes
Languages : en
Pages : 180
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Author: Erin Irene Drumm
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Legumes
Languages : en
Pages : 180
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Author: Kim Larson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Nitrogen fixation by Bradyrhizobium japonicum in soybean [Glycine max] is highly beneficial in soybean crop production. Nodulation issues have been encountered on fields new to growing soybeans in recent years in Kansas. The purpose of this research was to evaluate soybean nodulation performance under various situations and seed handling practices in order to educate producers on how to achieve reliable nodulation consistency in the field. The objectives of the study were to: 1) compare inoculant products using single and double rates and in combination with one another on fields with varying soybean history; 2) determine if there was a negative interaction between inoculant products and common seed treatments; and 3) discover the influence of inoculated seed storage conditions before planting on the rhizobia's ability to successfully nodulate soybean roots. Field experiments were conducted on diverse Kansas sites in 2011 and 2012. Inoculant treatment and seed treatment interaction trials had ten and seven experimental sites respectively. Inoculated seed storage conditions were evaluated in a greenhouse experiment during the spring of 2013. All studies used a randomized complete block design with four replications. The Novozymes inoculant products generally provided superior nodulation performance over other company products in the study where soybean had not been in recent rotation with an average increase of 167% in nodule number verses the control. The combination of dry and liquid inoculant products provided a significant increase in root nodule number at five of the environments out of recent rotation with a 76% increase over single inoculant rates. Although there were early season nodulation differences between treatments in new soybean ground, these did not carry through to seed yield differences in the majority of research sites. Hot and dry summer conditions reduced yields, making detection of treatment differences difficult. There were no negative effects on nodulation performance with any of the seed treatments. Although soybean seed yield was 634 kg ha−1 greater for the Novozyme combination treatment compared to the check at one location in 2011, the control yielded as well or better than all other treatment/inoculant combinations, implying that yield differences were likely not related to inoculant treatments. At other sites, yield was not influenced by seed treatment and inoculant combinations. Results indicate that seed treatment formulations did not significantly impact bacterial inoculant product performance, soybean nodulation, or yield. Storage conditions had no effect on nodulation performance in the greenhouse study, likely due to survival of Bradyrhizobium japonicum in the heat-treated growth medium.
Author: KorblaEdwin Akley
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Microbial inoculation of grain legumes improves crop yield and soil quality. Grain legumes such as soybean as requires host specific Brayrhizobium japonicum to enhance growth, nitrogen fixation, and grain yield. However, limited information exists on how commercial Bradyrhizobium inoculants affect symbiotic plant performance and yield of soybean, and as well as soil health in Ghana's cropping systems. A field study (2-yr) was conducted at CSIR-Savanna Agricultural Research Institute's experimental field at Nyankpala, Ghana to determine the impacts of Bradyrhizobium inoculants on; (1) growth, nodulation, nitrogen fixation, grain yield of soybean, and (2) soil biological and chemical properties. We also evaluated the commercial inoculants effects on the subsequent maize and soybean crops. The experiment was laid out as a split-plot design where the main plot consisted of tropical soybean (Glycine max crosses (TGX)) varieties; Jenguma (TGX1448-2E), Afayak (TGX1834-5E), and Songda (TGX 1445-3E). The subplot consisted of three commercial Bradyrhizobium japonicum inoculants with different strains, Biofix (USDA 110), NoduMax (USDA 110) and Legumefix (USDA 532c) plus an uninoculated control. Assessment was made on nodulation pattern, shoot biomass, nitrogen fixation, grain yield, and residual N balance. Bulk and rhizosphere soils were sampled and analyzed for soil pH, available soil N (NO3-N and NH4+-N) and P, and soil microbial community structure by phospholipids fatty acid (PLFA) analysis. Inoculants improved nodulation, shoot biomass, nitrogen fixation and grain yield of soybean. Greater responses were associated with NoduMax and Biofix. Inoculation increased grain yield by ~30 %. Commercial inoculants also increased microbial biomass, and available P and NH4+-N. Afayak outperformed the other soybean varieties for biomass dry matter, nodulation (nodule number) and grain yield. Afayak also stimulated greater microbial biomass and available P compared to Jenguma. Furthermore, enhance microbial biomass was found in the rhizosphere compared to the bulk soil due to soil enrichment with root exudate and commercial inoculants. In assessing, the previous year commercial inoculants effect on the subsequent soybean and maize crops, three (3) independent mineral N fertilizer rates (0, 50 and 100 kg N ha-1) were added to the soybean-maize rotation phase. Biofix yielded superior maize shoot dry matter and grain yield. Maize grain yield from previous commercial inoculants was equivalent to grain yield from 50 kg N ha-1mineral N fertilizer ). Thus inoculating soybean with commercial inoculants reduced mineral N nutrition for the subsequent maize crop by 50%. In the soybean-soybean phase, the previous Biofix and the uninoculated control produced significant soybean grain yield than the previous NoduMax. In conclusion, TGX soybean varieties exhibited superior performance when inoculated with commercial inoculants especially Biofix and NoduMax. However yearly inoculation of soybean is needed to sustain enhanced grain yield and soil quality in Northern Ghana.
Author: Timothy R. McDermott
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 242
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Author: Chiun-Kang Hsu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Microbial inoculants
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Soybean has a strong demand for nitrogen that can be acquired from atmosphere for vegetative growth and seed production through the symbiosis with the soil bacterium Bradyrhizobium japonicum (B. japonicum). However, the native soil bradyrhizobia may be ineffective in nitrogen fixation and the greatest limiting factor in increasing symbiotic nitrogen fixation is the inability to influence the infection of soybean roots by a desired strain of B. japonicum due to competition from the native bradyrhizobia. Previous studies have demonstrated the efficacy of a co-inoculum seed treatment on the symbiotic competency of the soybean cultivar LS90-1920 in greenhouse and field trials. The co-inoculation by the soil bacterium Streptomyces kanamyceticus (S. kanamyceticus) strain ATCC 12853 and strains of B. japonicum more efficient in nitrogen fixation and resistant to the antibiotics kanamycin and neomycin may have an advantage over the native bradyrhizobia regarding soybean root infection (Gregor et al., 2003). However, inconsistent inoculation responses in field trials and low efficacy in nodule competency by selected Bradyrhizobium japonicum (B. japonicum) co-inocula were observed under greenhouse conditions. These results were attributed to insufficient population size or growth of viable co-inocula associated with the seed treatments. This recent study showed that the nodulation response of LS90-1920 to B. japonicum strains KNI-1 and KNI-3 is independent of the inoculum dose and age of the broth culture. Iron supplement to the inoculum nutrient solution significantly increased the total biomass of nodules formed by strain KNI-1 but not by strain KNI-3 on a per plant basis and had no effect on the nodule number regardless of B. japonicum strain. In the glass bead viability study, the effect of inoculum nutrient solution concentration on the viability of bacterial co-inocula is species-specific and influenced by seed coating material. The growth of Pseudomonas putida strains displayed a dependency on the concentration of the inoculum nutrient solution with graphite or vermicompost as the seed coating material treatment or with activated charcoal treatment associated with 0.1% or 1.0 % inoculum nutrient solution. The seed coating material treatments of vermicompost and graphite promote stronger growth of S. kanamyceticus strain ATCC 12853 than the activated charcoal treatment. After a six-day incubation at 28°C, a 1.0 % inoculum nutrient solution maintained the highest viable populations of co-inocula with activated charcoal and a 0.1% inoculum nutrient solution was most effective in the maintenance of the co-inocula population when graphite or vermicompost was employed as the seed coating material. By applying the appropriate level of inoculum nutrient solution, the viability of a selected B. japonicum KNI strain and co-inocula remained stable for six days in activated charcoal and graphite treatment regardless of the number of applied co-inocula. However, the vermicompost treatment did not maintain the viable populations of the B. japonicum KNI strains and P. putida strain G11-32 but support the vigorous growth of S. kanamyceticus strain ATCC 12853 and P. putida strain 17-29. Greenhouse studies employing sterilized vermiculite as a soybean growth medium showed no significant differences in nodule competency by the inoculum/seed coating treatments associated with B. japonicum strain KNI-1. However, the co-inoculum treatments significantly increased either the total nitrogenase activity (B. japonicum strain KNI-3 with S. kanamyceticus strain ATCC 12853) or the nodule number (B. japonicum strain KNI-3 with S. kanamyceticus strain ATCC 12853 and P. putida strain 17-29) versus the singular inoculum treatment of strain KNI-3. Soil-pot studies under the same greenhouse conditions showed no significant differences in the nodule competency between the inoculum treatment of B. japonicum strain KNI-3, the co-inoculum treatment of strain KNI-3 and S. kanamyceticus, and the non-inoculated control regardless of seed coating material. However, co-inoculation of emergence-promoting rhizobacteria (Pseudomonas putida strain 17-29 and G11-32) with strain KNI-3 and S. kanamyceticus strain ATCC 12853 may improve the total nitrogenase activity and specific nitrogenase activity, depending on the seed coating material and soil type. The treatment with activated charcoal employed as a seed coating material and the co-inocula of strain KNI-3, S. kanamyceticus strain ATCC 12853 and P. putida strains 17-29 or G11-32 showed significantly higher total nitrogenase activity (Stoy silt loam) and specific nitrogenase activity (Drummer silty clay loam) versus the non-inoculated control. For the Bethalto silty clay loam, the same co-inoculum treatment associated with graphite and vermicompost as the seed coating material significantly increased the total nitrogenase activity. The seed coating treatment by activated charcoal enhanced nodulation competency for both the 2010 and 2011 field trials resulting in higher grain yield, seed nitrogen content, and seed protein content versus the seed coating treatment by graphite. No significant differences by the inoculum treatments were determined.
Author: Vanessa Kavanagh
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780494688212
Category : Legumes
Languages : en
Pages : 188
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Author: Dietrich Werner
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9781402035425
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 380
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Book Description
Sustainability has a major part to play in the global challenge of continued development of regions, countries, and continents all around the World and biological nitrogen fixation has a key role in this process. This volume begins with chapters specifically addressing crops of major global importance, such as soybeans, rice, and sugar cane. It continues with a second important focus, agroforestry, and describes the use and promise of both legume trees with their rhizobial symbionts and other nitrogen-fixing trees with their actinorhizal colonization. An over-arching theme of all chapters is the interaction of the plants and trees with microbes and this theme allows other aspects of soil microbiology, such as interactions with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and the impact of soil-stress factors on biological nitrogen fixation, to be addressed. Furthermore, a link to basic science occurs through the inclusion of chapters describing the biogeochemically important nitrogen cycle and its key relationships among nitrogen fixation, nitrification, and denitrification. The volume then provides an up-to-date view of the production of microbial inocula, especially those for legume crops.
Author: Padma Somasegaran
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461383757
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 456
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Book Description
Rhizobia are bacteria which inhabit the roots of plants in the pea family and "fix" atmospheric nitrogen for plant growth. They are thus of enormous economic importance internationally and the subject of intense research interest. Handbook for Rhizobia is a monumental book of practical methods for working with these bacteria and their plant hosts. Topics include the general microbiological properties of rhizobia and their identification, their potential as symbionts, methods for inoculating rhizobia onto plants, and molecular genetics methods for Rhizobium in the laboratory. The book will be invaluable to Rhizobium scientists, soil microbiologists, field and laboratory researchers at agricultural research centers, agronomists, and crop scientists.
Author: Narendra Tuteja
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461450012
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 507
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Book Description
The mechanisms underlying endurance and adaptation to environmental stress factors in plants have long been the focus of intense research. Plants overcome environmental stresses by development of tolerance, resistance or avoidance mechanisms, adjusting to a gradual change in its environment which allows them to maintain performance across a range of adverse environmental conditions. Plant Acclimation to Environmental Stress presents the latest ideas and trends on induced acclimation of plants to environmental stresses under changing environment. Written by experts around the globe, this volume adds new dimensions in the field of plant acclimation to abiotic stress factors. Comprehensive and lavishly illustrated, Plant Acclimation to Environmental Stress is a state-of-the-art guide suited for scholars and researchers working in the field of crop improvement, genetic engineering and abiotic stress tolerance.
Author: John C. Fry
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521417563
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 202
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Book Description
The international editors and contributors present a state-of-the-art account of research in the release of genetically engineered microorganisms into the environment.
