Author: Malo Mofakhami
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Cette thèse étudie les relations entre l'innovation et la qualité de l'emploi. L'innovation est considérée comme le moteur principal de la croissance économique, mais les changements technologiques induisent des mutations importantes de l'emploi et du travail. L'innovation est donc au cœur de nombreuses préoccupations, elle est au centre des recommandations formulées par les pouvoirs publics et les organisations internationales. Ses multiples effets suscitent de plus en plus d'interrogations puisque la période récente est marquée par une intensification des dynamiques d'innovation avec notamment l'émergence de nouveaux cycles technologiques ; elle est vectrice de transformations pour l'emploi qu'il est nécessaire de qualifier. Cette thèse adopte une perspective principalement empirique, tout en se fondant sur une approche théorique institutionnaliste et évolutionniste. La qualité de l'emploi est envisagée dans une perspective multidimensionnelle, incluant notamment les conditions de travail, les horaires et la durée du travail, la qualité contractuelle et les rémunérations. De même l'innovation est analysée dans sa complexité afin de faire ressortir des effets hétérogènes selon les formes considérées (stratégie, type d'innovation, degré de rupture et degré de nouveauté). Les résultats de cette étude justifient l'intérêt d'un champ d'étude spécifique en économie sur les liens entre innovation et qualité de l'emploi. Tout en confirmant que certaines innovations ont des effets directs positifs sur la qualité de l'emploi, cette thèse montre que des effets indirects ainsi que certaines formes de diffusion d'innovation détériorent la qualité contractuelle des emplois et les conditions de travail. Par ailleurs, si l'innovation (quelle que soit sa forme) est souvent associée à de meilleures conditions contractuelles (salaire, stabilité, etc.), elle induit néanmoins une intensification du rythme et des exigences en emploi. Ce travail formule une principale recommandation dans le contexte de l'intensification des dynamiques d'innovation et des modèles économiques fondés sur la connaissance - tout en appelant à de futurs travaux et à une amélioration des données disponibles. Afin d'éviter une polarisation des conditions de travail et une montée des inégalités, il est nécessaire d'adapter les systèmes de redistribution et de régulation pour faire face aux effets indirects négatifs de la diffusion des innovations.
Author: European Conference of Ministers of Transport. Documentation Centre
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Transportation
Languages : fr
Pages : 598
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Author: Erving Goffman
Publisher: University of Pennsylvania Press
ISBN: 0812210115
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 155
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The two essays in this classic work by sociologist Erving Goffman deal with the calculative, gamelike aspects of human interaction. Goffman examines the strategy of words and deeds; he uses the term "strategic interaction" to describe gamelike events in which an individual's situation is fully dependent on the move of one's opponent and in which both players know this and have the wit to use this awareness for advantage. Goffman aims to show that strategic interaction can be isolated analytically from the general study of communication and face-to-face interaction. The first essay addresses expression games, in which a participant spars to discover the value of information given openly or unwittingly by another. The author uses vivid examples from espionage literature and high-level political intrigue to show how people mislead one another in the information game. Both observer and observed create evidence that is false and uncover evidence that is real. In "Strategic Interaction," the book's second essay, action is the central concern, and expression games are secondary. Goffman makes clear that often, when it seems that an opponent sets off a course of action through verbal communication, he really has a finger on your trigger, your chips on the table, or your check in his bank. Communication may reinforce conduct, but in the end, action speaks louder. Those who gamble with their wits, and those who study those who do, will find this analysis important and stimulating.
Author: M.P. Feldman
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401733333
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 178
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This book offers a geographic dimension to the study of innovation and product commercialization. Building on the literature in economics and geography, this book demonstrates that product innovation clusters spatially in regions which provide concentrations of the knowledge needed for the commercialization process. The book develops a conceptual model which links the location of new product innovations to the sources of these knowledge inputs. The geographic concentration of this knowledge fonns a technological infrastructure which promotes infonnation transfers, and lowers the risks and the costs of engaging in innovative activity. Empirical estimation confinns that the location of product innovation is related to the underlying technological infrastructure, and that the location of the knowledge inputs are mutually reinforcing in defining a region's competitive advantage. The book concludes by considering the policy implications of these fmdings for both private finns and state governments. This work is intended for academics, policy practitioners and students in the fields of innovation and technological change, geography and regional science, and economic development. This work is part of a larger research effort to understand why the location of innovative activity varies spatially, specifically the externalities and increasing returns which accrue to location. xi Acknowledgements This work has benefitted greatly from discussions with friends and colleagues. I wish to specifically note the contribution of Mark Kamlet, Wes Cohen, Richard Florida, Zoltan Acs and David Audretsch. I would like to thank Gail Cohen Shaivitz for her dedication in editing the final manuscript.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 900
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Author: Henri Savall
Publisher: IAP
ISBN: 1617354775
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 441
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The impetus for this work emerged from Savall’s belief that there is a doubleloop interaction between social and economic factors in organizations, between behaviors and structures, and between the quality of life in organizations and their economic performance. When managers underestimate this dynamic interaction, the resulting tension ultimately manifests in lowered performance and increased costs, what he refers to as the “hidden costs” of organizational life. Only by delving into the depths of these organizational dynamics can we hope to fully understand – and create the basis for improving – organizational performance. The Qualimetrics Approach presents a different and challenging way of thinking about analyzing organizations, one that draws together quantitative information, financial analysis and qualitative insights into organizational dynamics. As Savall and Zardet argue, to gain a true understanding of what is happening in organizations, intervener-researchers must focus on all three perspectives, as ignoring any one of them will lead to incomplete understandings. Their approach underscores the importance of using qualitative data to validate quantitative depictions (“the numbers”) of organizational performance in understanding the construction of financial statements. The strength of Savall and Zardet’s approach is that it pushes us to go deeper, to fully understand the narratives underlying the numbers and the social construction of our financial assessments.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Geography
Languages : fr
Pages : 796
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Author: Matthew Canzoneri
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521562058
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 364
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Transatlantic economic relations are dominated by three factors which are of major historical significance. The first and most important is the multilateral process for trade liberalisation, deregulation of financial markets, and macroeconomic policy co-ordination. The second factor is a transatlantic environment of national and regional idiosyncrasies exemplified by protectionist initiatives, a significant weakening of the EMS, and changes in central bank statutes. The second factor is in part a political backlash against the first. The third factor affecting transatlantic economic relations is of course the emergence of regional economic relationships within the transatlantic economy, and a treaty calling for a common currency in Europe. In this 1996 volume, specialists in international trade, international finance, and political economy analyse the causes of these three factors, and their implications.
Author: Paul Windrum
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN: 1848441541
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 265
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Book Description
This is a timely and important contribution on innovation processes within the public sector. Departing from the myth of private equal to entrepreneurial, public equal to bureaucratic paralysis , it offers precious insights into public sector learning, entrepreneurship, of course inertias, and also the trade-offs involved in different management philosophies and performance evaluation methods. It is a rare example of political economy done right . Giovanni Dosi, Sant Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa Innovation and entrepreneurship have become the cornerstones for economic growth, jobs and competitiveness in the global economy. However, the burden for generating an innovative economy has fallen on the private sector. Scholars have been remarkably taciturn concerning the role for innovation and entrepreneurship in the public sector has remained strikingly invisible. No more. In Innovation in Public Sector Services, the authors assemble a team of leading international scholars in a path breaking study to identify the potential for the public sector in contributing to innovation and entrepreneurship. In particular, the volume introduces an insightful new analytical framework that lays the foundations for transforming a sleepy public sector into a dynamic, innovative and highly effective partner for leadership and change in the global era. Scholars, policy makers and business leaders who think that the public sector is condemned to being a hindrance to innovation and entrepreneurship rather than a leader championing change and competitiveness in a global economy would be well advised to read this important new book. David B. Audretsch, Indiana University, Bloomington, US and WHU, Germany This groundbreaking book provides new key insights and opens up an important research agenda. The book develops a new taxonomy of the different types of innovation found in public sector services, and investigates the key features and drivers of public sector entrepreneurship. The book contains new statistical studies and a set of six international case studies in health and social services. The research shows that public sector organisations are important innovators in their own right. Economic growth and social development depend on efficient public sector organisations that deliver high quality services, are effectively organised, and have excellent interactions with the private sector, NGOs and citizens. Public sector innovation is complex, invariably involving changes in services, organisational structures, and managerial practices. Essential to successful innovation are the policy entrepreneurs and service entrepreneurs who develop, organise and manage new innovations. This book provides key lessons for these public sector entrepreneurs. Innovation in Public Sector Services fills a fundamental gap; explaining the dynamics of innovation and entrepreneurship in public sector services and is of great importance for researchers, academics and students interested in innovation, entrepreneurship and strategy management. It provides a stimulating read for anyone working or interested in health and social services.
Author: David HouŽto
Publisher: Lulu.com
ISBN: 1291761152
Category : Reference
Languages : fr
Pages : 327
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Book Description
Le terme promotion de la santé en Afrique, près de 30 ans après l'adoption de la Charte d'Ottawa, continue d'avoir des connotations complètement hors du sens que lui confère cette charte. Cela n'est pas étonnant quand on sait que la notion de santé dans ce contexte africain équivaut à la lutte contre la maladie à travers les soins de santé dispensés par des professionnels de la santé dans des formations sanitaires et les hôpitaux. L'évolution que connait le continent depuis quelques décennies est de donner un peu plus de place à la communauté à travers les relais communautaires dans une participation communautaire vidée de son contenu, car le pouvoir n'est jamais passé entre les mains des communautés.C'est au vu de tout ceci que le présent ouvrage à sa raison d'être pour expliquer les fondements de l'autonomisation communautaire et de la promotion de la santé avec leur importance pour la région africaine en proie aux mauvais indicateurs de santé comparativement aux autres régions du monde.
