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Author: Hilary O. D. Critchley
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781904752110
Category : Menopause
Languages : en
Pages : 364
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Book Description
Author: Hilary O. D. Critchley
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781904752110
Category : Menopause
Languages : en
Pages : 364
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Book Description
Author: IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans
Publisher: World Health Organization
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 692
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Book Description
Evaluates evidence for an increased risk of cancer in women using combined oral contraceptives, progestogen-only hormonal contraceptives, post-menopausal estrogen therapy, and post-menopausal estrogen-progestogen therapy. Although the carcinogenicity of these preparations has been extensively investigated, the book stresses the many complex methodological issues that must be considered when interpreting findings and weighing results. Evidence of an association between use of these preparations and positive effects on health, including a reduced risk of some cancers, is also critically assessed. The first and most extensive monograph evaluates evidence of an association between the use of combined oral contraceptives and cancer at nine sites. Concerning breast cancer, the evaluation concludes that, even if the association is causal, the excess risk for breast cancer associated with patterns of use that are typical today is very small. Studies of predominantly high-dose preparations found an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in the absence of hepatitis viruses. Citing these findings, the evaluation concludes that there is sufficient evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of combined oral contraceptives. The evaluation also found sufficient evidence for the carcinogenicity of some, but not all, combined preparations in animals. Combined oral contraceptives were classified as carcinogenic to humans. The evaluation also cites conclusive evidence that these agents have a protective effect against cancers of the ovary and endometrium. Progestogen-only contraceptives are evaluated in the second monograph, which considers the association with cancer at six sites. The evaluation found no evidence of an increased risk for breast cancer. Although the evaluation found sufficient evidence in animals for the carcinogenicity of medroxyprogesterone acetate, evidence for the carcinogenicity of progestogen-only contraceptives in humans was judged inadequate. Progestogen-only contraceptives were classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans. The third monograph, on post-menopausal estrogen therapy, considers evidence of an association with cancer at eight sites. Findings from a large number of epidemiological studies indicate a small increase in the risk of breast cancer in women who have used these preparations for five years or more. Studies consistently show an association between use of post-menopausal estrogen therapy and an increased risk for endometrial cancer. Data on the association with other cancers were either inconclusive or suggested no effect on risk. The evaluation concludes that post-menopausal estrogen therapy is carcinogenic to humans. The final monograph evaluates the association between the use of post-menopausal estrogen-progestogen therapy and cancer at four sites. The evaluation of limited data on breast cancer found an increased relative risk observed with long-term use. Data were judged insufficient to assess the effects of past use and of different progestogen compounds, doses, and treatment schedules. For endometrial cancer, the evaluation found an increase in risk relative to non-users when the progestogen was added to the cycle for 10 days or fewer. Post-menopausal estrogen-progestogen therapy was classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans. Concerning post-menopausal therapy in general, the book notes that evidence of carcinogenic risks must be placed in perspective of potential benefits. The prevention of osteoporotic fractures is cited as the best-established benefit. Evidence also suggests that estrogen prevents heart disease and may prevent memory loss and dementia.
Author: Stefan Helgason
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Estrogen
Languages : en
Pages : 46
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Book Description
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309157331
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 428
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Book Description
In 1950 men and women in the United States had a combined life expectancy of 68.9 years, the 12th highest life expectancy at birth in the world. Today, life expectancy is up to 79.2 years, yet the country is now 28th on the list, behind the United Kingdom, Korea, Canada, and France, among others. The United States does have higher rates of infant mortality and violent deaths than in other developed countries, but these factors do not fully account for the country's relatively poor ranking in life expectancy. International Differences in Mortality at Older Ages: Dimensions and Sources examines patterns in international differences in life expectancy above age 50 and assesses the evidence and arguments that have been advanced to explain the poor position of the United States relative to other countries. The papers in this deeply researched volume identify gaps in measurement, data, theory, and research design and pinpoint areas for future high-priority research in this area. In addition to examining the differences in mortality around the world, the papers in International Differences in Mortality at Older Ages look at health factors and life-style choices commonly believed to contribute to the observed international differences in life expectancy. They also identify strategic opportunities for health-related interventions. This book offers a wide variety of disciplinary and scholarly perspectives to the study of mortality, and it offers in-depth analyses that can serve health professionals, policy makers, statisticians, and researchers.
Author: Ellen Michaud
Publisher: Prima Lifestyles
ISBN: 9780761534785
Category : Consumer education
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
A review of both the potential hazards and benefits of hormone therapy after menopause.
Author: Carol Tavris
Publisher: Hachette UK
ISBN: 0316481181
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 187
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Book Description
A compelling, “fascinating” (Robert Cialdini) defense of hormone replacement therapy, exposing the faulty science behind its fall from prominence and giving women the evidence they need to make informed decisions about their health. Now fully revised and updated. "Estrogen Matters was my antidote to the misinformation surrounding menopause. This book should be the bible for every single person going through menopause.”―Naomi Watts For years, hormone replacement therapy (HRT) was the medically approved way to alleviate menopausal symptoms (ranging from hot flushes to brain fog) and reduce the risk of heart disease, Alzheimer's, and osteoporosis. But when a large study by the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) announced, with national fanfare, that women taking HRT had an increased risk of breast cancer, women were scared off, and the treatment was abandoned. Now, Dr. Bluming, a medical oncologist, and Dr. Tavris, a social psychologist, reveal the true story of the WHI’s efforts to distort their data to exaggerate unsupported claims of estrogen’s harms. Important updates in this edition include: Evidence that demolishes the WHI’s claim that HRT causes breast cancer. A list of the WHI’s retractions of their original scare stories. Updated findings on estrogen’s benefits on heart, brain, bones, and longevity. A critical review of the alternative products and medications being marketed to treat symptoms of menopause. A sobering and revelatory read, Estrogen Matters sets the record straight on estrogen’s benefits, providing a light to guide women through this inevitable phase of life.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 136
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Book Description
An information guide to information on the subject of menopause.
Author: R.A. Lobo
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461510619
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 444
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Book Description
The 4th International Symposium on Women's Health and Menopause, organized by the Giovanni Lorenzini Medical Foundation (Milan, Italy and Houston, Texas) focused on the new strategies to improve the quality of life of post-menopausal women. This volume illustrates the findings of this conference and includes information on the age-related degenerative processes occurring after menopause including cardiovascular disease, cancer, fractures and dementia.
Author: Rogerio A. Lobo
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080553095
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 902
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Book Description
For anyone who treats postmenopausal women, this latest edition of Rogerio Lobo's classic work combines the best from two well-known references: Menopause, and the second edition of Treatment of the Postmenopausal Woman. By adding significant discussions of the basic science behind menopause, it is possible to objectively assess the clinical value and limitations of current approaches to treatment and provide a basis and rationale for strategies that will result in better individualized and specialized care. Not only does the third edition discuss diagnosis and treatment of menopause but it covers biological, anatomical, physiological, pathobiological, and pharmacological aspects as well bringing together, in one source, all of the information needed to understand and treat postmenopausal conditions. Over 50% new material representing the vast amount of information available since the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) clinical trials were completed making this the most up-to-date reference on postmenopausal women Includes several new sections on comparisons between clinical trials and observational data, urology, and pelvic support Each section is preceded by a preface to put the area into context with many chapters having suggested treatment regimens
Author: R. Don Gambrell
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 156
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Book Description
This publication written by an acknowledged expert, has been developed in the center index format. The purpose of the center index system is to enable readers to immediately locate all the information contained in the book. Tabs are provided with each center index so there is a direct connection between the center index & text. This enables the reader to proceed to any area of the text without having to read information not relevant to the situation. The additional information that should be included for each text will be the title, authors name, date of publication, & ISBN. Our company address is Essential Medical Information Systems, Inc. P.O. Box 1607, Durant, OK 74702-1607 or call 1-800-225-0694.
