Estonian Grammar PDF Download
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Author: Robert T. Harms
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1134899033
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 190
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Book Description
First published in 1997. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Author: Robert T. Harms
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1134899033
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 190
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Book Description
First published in 1997. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Author: Juhan Tuldava
Publisher: Sinor Research Institute of Inner Asian Studies
ISBN: 9780933070547
Category : Estonian language
Languages : en
Pages : 379
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Book Description
This textbook is intended foremost for Americans and other speakers of English with an interest in the Estonian language. Its forty lessons are each divided into six sections: grammar, readngs, vocabulary, exercises, expressions, and answers to the exercises. For the most part, the textbook may be used for independent study.
Author: Mary Dalrymple
Publisher: Language Science Press
ISBN: 3961104247
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 2192
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Book Description
Lexical Functional Grammar (LFG) is a nontransformational theory of linguistic structure, first developed in the 1970s by Joan Bresnan and Ronald M. Kaplan, which assumes that language is best described and modeled by parallel structures representing different facets of linguistic organization and information, related by means of functional correspondences. This volume has five parts. Part I, Overview and Introduction, provides an introduction to core syntactic concepts and representations. Part II, Grammatical Phenomena, reviews LFG work on a range of grammatical phenomena or constructions. Part III, Grammatical modules and interfaces, provides an overview of LFG work on semantics, argument structure, prosody, information structure, and morphology. Part IV, Linguistic disciplines, reviews LFG work in the disciplines of historical linguistics, learnability, psycholinguistics, and second language learning. Part V, Formal and computational issues and applications, provides an overview of computational and formal properties of the theory, implementations, and computational work on parsing, translation, grammar induction, and treebanks. Part VI, Language families and regions, reviews LFG work on languages spoken in particular geographical areas or in particular language families. The final section, Comparing LFG with other linguistic theories, discusses LFG work in relation to other theoretical approaches.
Author: Östen Dahl
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing
ISBN: 9789027230591
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 454
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Book Description
The area around the Baltic Sea has for millennia been a meeting-place for people of different origins. Among the circum-Baltic languages, we find three major branches of Indo-European Baltic, Germanic, and Slavic, the Baltic-Finnic languages from the Uralic phylum and several others. The circum-Baltic area is an ideal place to study areal and contact phenomena in languages. The present set of two volumes look at the circum-Baltic languages from a typological, areal and historical perspective, trying to relate the intricate patterns of similarities and dissimilarities to the societal background. In Volume II, selected phenomena in the grammars of the circum-Baltic languages are studied in a cross-linguistic perspective.
Author: Daniel Abondolo
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1136135006
Category : Foreign Language Study
Languages : en
Pages : 648
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Book Description
This book provides a unique, up-to-date survey of individual Uralic languages and sub-groupings from Finnish to Selkup. Spoken by more than 25 million native speakers, the Uralic languages have important cultural and social significance in Northern and Eastern Europe, as well as in immigrant communitites throughout Europe and North America. The introductory chapter gives an overview of the Uralic language family and is followed by 18 chapter-length descriptions of each language or sub-grouping, giving an analysis of their history and development as well as focusing on their linguistic structures. Written by internationally recognised experts and based on the most recent scholarship available, the volume covers major languages - including the official national languages of Estonia, Finland and Hungary - and rarely-covered languages such as Mordva, Nganasan and Khanty. The 18 language chapters are similarly-structured, designed for comparative study and cover phonology, morphology, syntax and lexicon. Those on individual languages also have sample text where available. Each chapter includes numerous tables to support and illustrate the text and bibliographies of the major references for each language to aid further study. The volume is comprehensively indexed. This book will be invaluable to language students, experts requiring concise but thorough information on related languages and anyone working in historical, typological and comparative linguistics.
Author:
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter
ISBN: 9783110124217
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 1058
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Book Description
Author: Toivo Miljan
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN: 0810875136
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 647
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Book Description
Estonia is a small European Union country (population 1.3 million but physically the size of Netherlands and Switzerland) at the historic interface of East and West, Europe and Russia, free from Soviet occupation only for twenty-five years. Estonia boasts many notable achievements in the past has one of the most advanced economies in the region. It has made impressive progress politically, having shed a half century of communist domination and shifted to democracy, making it a model for other transitional states. It is at the forefront of Internet services: its secure digital ID cards are used for all interactions with government agencies, for voting at elections, and among government agencies, as well as in private banking. This second edition of Historical Dictionary of Estonia covers its history through a chronology, an introductory essay, glossary, appendixes, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 300 cross-referenced entries on important personalities, politics, economy, foreign relations, religion, and culture. This book is an excellent access point for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about Estonia.
Author: Marianne Bakró-Nagy
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0198767668
Category : Foreign Language Study
Languages : en
Pages : 1172
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Book Description
This volume offers the most comprehensive and wide-ranging treatment available today of the Uralic language family, a group of languages spoken in northern Eurasia. While there is a long history of research into these languages, much of it has been conducted within several disparate national traditions; studies of certain languages and topics are somewhat limited and in many cases outdated. The Oxford Guide to the Uralic Languages brings together leading scholars and junior researchers to offer a comprehensive and up-to-date account of the internal relations and diversity of the Uralic language family, including the outlines of its historical development, and the contacts between Uralic and other languages of Eurasia. The book is divided into three parts. Part I presents the origins and development of the Uralic languages: the initial chapters examine reconstructed Proto-Uralic and its divergence, while later chapters provide surveys of the history and codification of the three Uralic nation-state languages (Hungarian, Finnish, and Estonian) and the Uralic minority languages from Baltic Europe to Siberia. This part also explores questions of endangerment, revitalization, and language policy. The chapters in Part II offer individual structural overviews of the Uralic languages, including a number of understudied minority languages for which no detailed description in English has previously been available. The final part of the book provides cross-Uralic comparative and typological case studies of a range of issues in phonology, morphology, syntax, and the lexicon. The chapters explore a number of topics, such as information structure and clause combining, that have traditionally received very little attention in Uralic studies. The volume will be an essential reference for students and researchers specializing in the Uralic languages and for typologists and comparative linguists more broadly.
Author: Andres Laas
Publisher: Preceptor Language Guides
ISBN: 9781619494275
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 128
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Book Description
This is a guidebook written for beginning to advanced Estonian language learners. It will help you learn some of the most commonly used verbs in the Estonian language. It is the most comprehensive resource available for learning and mastering Estonian verbs. The verbs are arranged in tabular format in alphabetical order, which will make navigating through the program easier. Each verb is fully conjugated and presented in all forms. The book features sample sentences to demonstrate verb usage in context, as well as a grammar review. This indispensable guide will help you conjugate verbs with ease, enabling you to communicate in Estonian with confidence.
Author: Isabelle Léglise
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing
ISBN: 9027234922
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 273
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Book Description
This volume is at the cross-roads between two research traditions dealing with language change: contact linguistics and language variation and change. It starts out from the notion that linguistic variation is still a little researched area in most contact-induced language change studies. Intending to fill this gap, it offers a rich panorama of case studies and approaches dealing with linguistic variation in contact settings. It concentrates both on monolingual data, tracing variation and contact beneath surface homogeneity, and on bilingual data such as code-switching and other forms of variation, to trace their underlying regularities. It investigates the relationship between variation and change in language contact settings. The book will be relevant for students and researchers in contact linguistics, sociolinguistics, language variation and change, sociology of language, descriptive linguistics and linguistic typology.
