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Author: Jean-Jacques Newey
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Carbonate rocks
Languages : en
Pages : 340
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Book Description
Author: Jean-Jacques Newey
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Carbonate rocks
Languages : en
Pages : 340
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Jiang Xie
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Predicting rock permeability from well logs in uncored wells is an important task in reservoir characterization. Due to the high costs of coring and laboratory analysis, typically cores are acquired in only a few wells. Since most wells are logged, the common practice is to estimate permeability from logs using correlation equations developed from limited core data. Most commonly, permeability is estimated from various well logs using statistical regression. For sandstones, often the logs of permeability can be correlated with porosity, but in carbonates the porosity permeability relationship tends to be much more complex and erratic. For this reason permeability prediction is a critical aspect of reservoir characterization in complex reservoirs such as carbonate reservoirs. In order to improve the permeability estimation in these reservoirs, several statistical regression techniques have already been tested in previous work to correlate permeability with different well logs. It has been shown that statistical regression for data correlation is quite promising in predicting complex reservoirs. But using all the possible well logs to predict permeability is not appropriate because the possibility of spurious correlation increases if you use more well logs. In statistics, variable selection is used to remove unnecessary independent variables and give a better prediction. So we apply variable selection to the permeability prediction procedures in order to further improve permeability estimation. We present three approaches to further improve reservoir permeability prediction based on well logs via data correlation and variable selection in this research. The first is a combination of stepwise algorithm with ACE technique. The second approach is the application of tree regression and cross-validation. The third is multivariate adaptive regression splines. Three methods are tested and compared at two complex carbonate reservoirs in west Texas: Salt Creek Field Unit (SCFU) and North Robertson Unit (NRU). The result of SCFU shows that permeability prediction is improved by applying variable selection to non-parametric regression ACE while tree regression is unable to predict permeability because it can not preserve the continuity of permeability. In NRU, none of these three methods can predict permeability accurately. This is due to the high complexity of NRU reservoir and measurement accuracy. In this reservoir, high permeability is discrete from low permeability, which makes prediction even more difficult. Permeability predictions based on well logs in complex carbonate reservoirs can be further improved by selecting appropriate well logs for data correlation. In comparing the relative predictive performance of the three regression methods, the stepwise with ACE method appears to outperform the other two methods.
Author: Toby Darling
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080457959
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 335
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Book Description
This hand guide in the Gulf Drilling Guides series offers practical techniques that are valuable to petrophysicists and engineers in their day-to-day jobs. Based on the author's many years of experience working in oil companies around the world, this guide is a comprehensive collection of techniques and rules of thumb that work.The primary functions of the drilling or petroleum engineer are to ensure that the right operational decisions are made during the course of drilling and testing a well, from data gathering, completion and testing, and thereafter to provide the necessary parameters to enable an accurate static and dynamic model of the reservoir to be constructed. This guide supplies these, and many other, answers to their everyday problems. There are chapters on NMR logging, core analysis, sampling, and interpretation of the data to give the engineer a full picture of the formation. There is no other single guide like this, covering all aspects of well logging and formation evaluation, completely updated with the latest techniques and applications.·A valuable reference dedicated solely to well logging and formation evaluation.·Comprehensive coverage of the latest technologies and practices, including, troubleshooting for stuck pipe, operational decisions, and logging contracts.·Packed with money-saving and time saving strategies for the engineer working in the field.
Author: Roberto Aguilera
Publisher: PennWell Books
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 730
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Book Description
This book deals exclusively with naturally fractured reservoirs and includes many subjects usually treated in separate volumes. A highly practical edition, Naturally Fractured Reservoirs is written for students, reservoir geologists, log analysts and petroleum engineers.
Author: Darwin L. Molnar
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Oil sands
Languages : en
Pages : 452
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Book Description
Author: George R. Coates
Publisher: Gulf Professional Publishing
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 260
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Book Description
Dick Cheney, former Halliburton CEO, writes in the foreword: "NMR logging represents a new revolution in formation evaluation with wireline logging, and this book gives a comprehensive treatment of this new technology...Besides explaining basic NMR principles and applications, this book provides an understanding of these latest achievements in NMR logging." When NUMAR introduced its MRIL logging service in 1992, it caused a revolution in the petroleum industry by making possible the systematic estmation of permeability, prevously an impossibility. Permeability, however, was not the only petrophysical benefit provided by this new technology. Mineral-independent total porosity, water, gas and oil saturation, and oil viscosity have all been found achievable through the use of this revolutionary new logging technology. Introduces revolutionary new well logging technology Developed by Halliburton, one of the premier well servicing companies in the world Shows how to incorporate this new technology into other well logging principles
Author: Rodolfo Araujo Victor
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 436
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Book Description
Carbonate formations hold a large percentage of the world's hydrocarbon reserves. Their petrophysical evaluation via well logs and core data faces significant technical challenges because of the coexistence of multiscale pore features affecting fluid-transport phenomena. The combined effects of diagenesis, solid dissolution, and recrystallization in carbonate rocks give rise to pores ranging from centimeter-size vug openings to submicron microporosity. In turn, the wide variability of pore sizes, pore shapes, pore textures, and pore connectivity gives rise to multiple length-dependent flow regimes. % New data sources have allowed many porous-media processes to be observed or numerically simulated in detail for the first time; they have also helped to understand flow mechanisms that have a direct impact on hydrocarbon recovery. Spatial imaging techniques such as computed tomography (CT) are now applied routinely to acquire 3D images of both laboratory samples and whole core. Those images reveal fine features of rock structure, pore topology, and mineral spatial distribution, in addition to enabling the numerical simulation of several physical phenomena taking place inside the pore space. Methods used to analyze rock properties based on 2D and 3D digital images are collectively known as digital rock petrophysics, and are being used at an accelerated pace to quantify the storage and production potential of spatially complex rocks. This dissertation introduces new quantitative methods for the analysis of whole-core CT images to improve the interpretation of well logs acquired in carbonate formations. % The first method focuses on the estimation of density and atomic number from dual-energy CT core scans. A new Monte Carlo-based inversion algorithm for estimating such properties is developed to account for uncertainties in X-ray attenuation coefficients in addition to delivering uncertainty estimates of inversion products. Estimation of electron density and effective atomic number from CT core scans enables direct deterministic or statistical correlations with salient rock properties for improved petrophysical evaluation. Verification tests of the inversion method performed with CT-generated density and PEF logs yield very good agreement with borehole measurements of density and photoelectric factor. Next, a new workflow is introduced for image segmentation and interpretation. Reliable classification of image voxels in components representing grains, pores, and sub-resolution features remains challenging in images with multiscale features such as those of carbonate whole cores. The new workflow reduces statistical bias introduced by interpreter subjectivity, and allows automation for the analysis for a large number of samples. Segmentation of vug space in CT images also enables close inspection and reliable interpretation of well logs in vuggy reservoir regions. Connected vugs are expected to exhibit high and dominant fluid production capacity, whereby the ability to properly identify such reservoir zones via well logs is very important. Ultrasonic borehole images have been extensively used to assess rock texture and multiple geometrical and sedimentary features. Comparison of ultrasonic borehole images to CT data confirms specific well-log responses across vuggy depth segments. New feature-enhancing methods are introduced for the interpretation of ultrasonic borehole images. However, no strong correlation was found when attempting to quantify vuggy porosity from various image attributes. % The segmentation of CT images across vuggy space is also explored for estimating vug flow properties. A statistical description of segmented vuggy space is suggested to estimate permeability given the relatively low image resolution of the available CT data. Results confirm the hypothesis that connected vugs dominate fluid flow, whereby the assessment of vug geometrical properties provides sufficient information for estimating permeability. Finally, a new method is introduced for the interpretation of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) logs. Adverse borehole conditions such as mud-filtrate invasion and large washouts in vuggy zones are usually neglected in conventional interpretation procedures of NMR logs. To circumvent the latter problem, we describe the measured distribution of transverse relaxation times as the superposition of a finite set of log normal components where each component accounts for specific relaxation rates for drilling mud and original formation fluids. Estimated permeabilities in vuggy zones from NMR logs with the new method are more accurate than those rendered by conventional techniques based on cutoff values or logarithmic averages. The method also explicitly quantifies vuggy porosity, which is found to be in good agreement with values obtained from segmented CT data. The combined use of the above interpretation methods confirms the value of digital rock techniques to improve the interpretation of well logs acquired in complex carbonate formations, specifically in the calculation of permeability across vuggy depth segments. Results can be used to improve the interpretation of well logs acquired in wells devoid of core data and/or high-resolution borehole images.
Author: T.D. van Golf-Racht
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080868665
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 729
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Book Description
In the modem language of reservoir engineering by reservoir description is understood the totality of basic local information concerning the reservoir rock and fluids which by various procedures are extrapolated over the entire reservoir. Fracture detection, evaluation and processing is another essential step in the process of fractured reservoir description. In chapter 2, all parameters related to fracture density and fracture intensity, together with various procedures of data processing are discussed in detail. After a number of field examples, developed in Chap. 3, the main objective remains the quantitative evaluation of physical properties. This is done in Chap. 4, where the evaluation of fractures porosity and permeability, their correlation and the equivalent ideal geometrical models versus those parameters are discussed in great detail. Special rock properties such as capillary pressure and relative permeability are reexamined in the light of a double-porosity reservoir rock. In order to complete the results obtained by direct measurements on rock samples, Chap. 5 examines fracturing through indirect measurements from various logging results. The entire material contained in these five chapters defines the basic physical parameters and indicates procedures for their evaluation which may be used further in the description of fractured reservoirs.
Author: F. Jerry Lucia
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540727426
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 342
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Book Description
F. Jerry Lucia, working in America’s main oil-rich state, has produced a work that goes after one of the holy grails of oil prospecting. One main target in petroleum recovery is the description of the three-dimensional distribution of petrophysical properties on the interwell scale in carbonate reservoirs. Doing so would improve performance predictions by means of fluid-flow computer simulations. Lucia’s book focuses on the improvement of geological, petrophysical, and geostatistical methods, describes the basic petrophysical properties, important geology parameters, and rock fabrics from cores, and discusses their spatial distribution. A closing chapter deals with reservoir models as an input into flow simulators.
Author: Jia'en Lin
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9811921490
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 5829
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Book Description
This book focuses on reservoir surveillance and management, reservoir evaluation and dynamic description, reservoir production stimulation and EOR, ultra-tight reservoir, unconventional oil and gas resources technology, oil and gas well production testing, and geomechanics. This book is a compilation of selected papers from the 11th International Field Exploration and Development Conference (IFEDC 2021). The conference not only provides a platform to exchanges experience, but also promotes the development of scientific research in oil & gas exploration and production. The main audience for the work includes reservoir engineer, geological engineer, enterprise managers, senior engineers as well as professional students.
