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Author: Georg Neuschäffer
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Author: Georg Neuschäffer
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Author: Marion Smith Picard
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Occupational mobility
Languages : en
Pages : 220
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Author: Walter A. Fogel
Publisher: University of California, Institute of Industrial Relations
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 790
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Monograph of essays in honour of Frederic Meyers, Former Director of the UCLA Institute of Industrial Relations, on the labour relations aspects of employment security and dismissal in the USA from an historical perspective - discusses collective agreements and collective bargaining to protect against unfair dismissal, employment policy and working conditions of Mexicans, problems of racial discrimination in the labour market, arbitration, etc., and comments on labour legislation and jurisprudence. Graphs and references. Festschrift Meyers, F.
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Languages : en
Pages :
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This dissertation consists of three essays focusing on wage inequality and education policy. Essay 1 considers growth in the variance of wages. Prior work has documented that the college premium plays a major role in explaining wage variance growth. This essay examines the extent to which this role can be attributed to an increase in the dispersion of occupation-specific returns to post-secondary education. Using the variance components approach and CPS data between 1979-1981 and 2003-2005, the essay shows that the variation in the college premium across occupations has increased over time, and this variation expansion explains about five percent of the growth in wage variance across the two periods. By dividing the sample workforce into professional and nonprofessional groups, the results suggest that the increased variation in the return to post-secondary education particularly caused the wage gap between the professional and non-professional workers to increase. Essay 2 applies quantile regression methodology to the study of the determinants of the wage distribution among natives and immigrants in the U.S., using PUMS from 1990 and 2000, and ACS from 2006. Among other findings, the immigrant/native wage gap is concentrated at the lower end to the median of the wage distribution, and the primary source of the wage gap is the relative lack of labor market skills among immigrants. A cross-time comparison shows that the recent immigrant/native wage gap after controlling for skill variables first decreased from 1990 to 2000 and then expanded from 2000 to 2006. The growth is concentrated at the two ends of the wage distribution, and the reason for growth is that the recent immigrants in 2006 are younger and thus have less market experience than their counterparts of 1990. Essay 3 is coauthored with Dr. Blankenau. We analyze the impact of changes in college admission standards on the skilled labor distribution, skilled firm distribution, and the match of skilled labor with skilled firms. We propose a model of schooling with heterogeneous labor and firms, in which firms' decisions in creating skilled jobs are conditioned on the supply of skilled labor. The model shows that lowering standards without providing incentives to acquire skills does not necessarily motivate accumulation of human capital or expansion of skilled industry. Lower standards tend to create a mismatch of educated labor with unskilled positions. In some specifications, lower standards can lower firms' willingness to create skilled positions, leaving more skilled workers underemployed.
Author: Kurt W Rothschild
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1134885199
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 355
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Whilst there is widespread agreement about the goals of economic policy, consensus about how best to achieve them can be harder to achieve. No issues are more contentious than employment and income distribution. In recent years full employment and a just distribution of incomes have been downgraded as policy objectives, as greater priority has been given to price stability and balance of payments objectives. This emphasis has been supported by a mainstream economic theory which has an unswerving belief in the ability of market forces to achieve a satisfactory regulation of employment and income distribution Other economists have remained more sceptical, and none more so than Kurt Rothschild. This new volume collects together his twenty two most important essays in the area, many of which are appearing in English for the first time. Throughout pure theory is linked to relevant practical investigations.
Author: Clark Kerr
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780674506411
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 744
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In twenty-three original essays this book surveys the course of labor economics over the more than two centuries since the publication of Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations. It fully examines the contending theories, changing environmental contexts, evolving issues, and varied policies affecting labor's participation in the economy. Beginning with George P. Shultz, who provides the foreword, the contributors are among the most distinguished scholars in labor economics and industrial relations. These essays represent some of their finest work and apply the ideas for which they are best known. Highlights include John T. Dunlop on internal labor markets, John Kenneth Galbraith on power relationships in the economy, Robert M. Solow on explanation of unemployment, Jacob Mincer on human capital, Lloyd G. Reynolds on labor in developing countries, Richard A. Lester on wage differentials, Edward F. Denison on productivity, Richard Freeman on union/non-union differentials, F. Ray Marshall on human resource development, and Thomas A. Kochan on policy making. While the intellectual framework of the book looks partly to the past - explaining the labor factor in classical and neoclassical systems - its emphasis is on contemporary problems that will figure prominently in future developments, such as the operation of internal labor markets, dispute resolution, concession bargaining, equal employment opportunity, and individual labor contracting. This book is required reading for students and scholars of labor economics.
Author: Richard Barry Freeman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 374
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Author: Olaf Hübler
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 36
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Author: Myung Kyu Shim
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781303948251
Category : Job vacancies
Languages : en
Pages : 90
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This dissertation consists of two papers in the field of Macro Labor and one paper in the field of global games. In particular, the first two chapters focus on studying why the progress of job polarization has been different across industries between 1980 and 2010 and the last chapter analyzes the interaction between the precision of exogenous and market generated information in coordination economies. The first chapter empirically explores the relationship between job polarization and interindustry wage differentials. By using the U.S. Census and EU KLEMS data, we find that the progress of job polarization between 1980 and 2009 was more evident in industries that initially paid a high wage premium to workers than in industries that did not. We argue that this phenomenon can be explained as a dynamic response of firms to interindustry wage differentials: firms with a high wage premium seek alternative ways to cut production costs by replacing workers who perform routine tasks with Information, Communication, and Technology (ICT) capital. The replacement of routine workers with ICT capital has become more pronounced as the price of ICT capital has fallen over the past 30 years. As a result, firms that are constrained to pay a relatively high wage premium have experienced slower growth of employment of routine workers than firms in low-wage industries, which led to heterogeneity in job polarization across industries. Then the second chapter proposes a theory that unveils the mechanism underlying the close relationship between job polarization and interindustry wage differentials, which is studied empirically in the first chapter. In particular, we develop a two-sector neoclassical growth model with three key features. First, industries differ in the wage rates they pay to workers. Second, routine workers are relative substitutes for capital while non-routine workers are relative complement to capital. Last, there is an exogenous investment-specific technology change. Main predictions of the model are that (1) job polarization is more evident and (2) capital-routine worker ratio increases more in the industry that pays higher wages to workers when there is an investment-specific technology change, which are consistent with the empirical findings in the first chapter. In the last chapter, we study the interaction between the precision of exogenous and market-generated information in a class of economies where firms display coordination motives in presence of dispersed information and where the outcome of the coordination is traded in a competitive asset market á-la Grossman and Stiglitz (1980). We show that when more private information is injected in the coordination economy the equilibrium asset price becomes less informative. To showcase the relevance of our result we present an application to a problem of endogenous information choice where the "Knowing What Others Know" property of information acquisition derived by Hellwig and Veldkamp (2009) breaks down in presence of market-generated information.
Author: Christoph M. Schmidt
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Industries
Languages : en
Pages : 24
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