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Author: Nancy Leys Stepan
Publisher: Reaktion Books
ISBN: 186189967X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 311
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Book Description
The dream of a world completely free of disease may seem utopian, but eradication—used in its modern sense to mean the reduction of the number of cases of a disease to zero by deliberate public health interventions—has been pursued repeatedly. Campaigns against yellow fever, malaria, and smallpox have been among the largest, most costly programs ever undertaken in international public health. But only one so far has been successful—that against smallpox. And yet in 2007 Bill and Melinda Gates surprised the world with the announcement that they were committing their foundation to eradicating malaria. Polio eradication is another of their priorities. Are such costly programs really justifiable? The first comprehensive account of the major disease-eradication campaigns from the early twentieth century right up to the present, Eradication places these ambitious goals in their broad historical and contemporary contexts. From the life and times of the American arch-eradicationist Dr. Fred Lowe Soper (1893-1977), who was at the center of many of the campaigns and controversies surrounding eradication in his lifetime, to debates between proponents of primary health care approaches to ill health versus the eradicationists, Nancy Leys Stepan’s narrative suggests that today these differing public health approaches may be complementary rather than in conflict. Enlightening for general readers and specialists alike, Eradication is an illuminating look at some of the most urgent problems of health and disease around the world.
Author: Nancy Leys Stepan
Publisher: Reaktion Books
ISBN: 186189967X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 311
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Book Description
The dream of a world completely free of disease may seem utopian, but eradication—used in its modern sense to mean the reduction of the number of cases of a disease to zero by deliberate public health interventions—has been pursued repeatedly. Campaigns against yellow fever, malaria, and smallpox have been among the largest, most costly programs ever undertaken in international public health. But only one so far has been successful—that against smallpox. And yet in 2007 Bill and Melinda Gates surprised the world with the announcement that they were committing their foundation to eradicating malaria. Polio eradication is another of their priorities. Are such costly programs really justifiable? The first comprehensive account of the major disease-eradication campaigns from the early twentieth century right up to the present, Eradication places these ambitious goals in their broad historical and contemporary contexts. From the life and times of the American arch-eradicationist Dr. Fred Lowe Soper (1893-1977), who was at the center of many of the campaigns and controversies surrounding eradication in his lifetime, to debates between proponents of primary health care approaches to ill health versus the eradicationists, Nancy Leys Stepan’s narrative suggests that today these differing public health approaches may be complementary rather than in conflict. Enlightening for general readers and specialists alike, Eradication is an illuminating look at some of the most urgent problems of health and disease around the world.
Author: Donald Hopkins
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 9780471980896
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 252
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Book Description
In 1993, an International Task Force for Disease Eradication evaluated over 80 potential candidate diseases and made recommendations. However, little has been done to develop the science of eradication systematically. This book reports the findings of a multidisciplinary workshop on the eradication of infectious diseases. It reviews the history of eradication efforts and lessons from previous campaigns and distinguishes among eradication, elimination, and control programs and extinction of an etiologic agent. It addresses a wide range of related issues, including biological and socio-political criteria for eradication, costs and benefits of eradication campaigns, opportunities for strengthening primary health care in the course of eradication efforts, and other aspects of planning and implementing eradication programs. Finally, it stresses the importance of global mechanisms for formulating and implementing such programs.
Author: D. A. Henderson, M.D.
Publisher: Prometheus Books
ISBN: 161592230X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 338
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Book Description
For more than 3000 years, hundreds of millions of people have died or been left permanently scarred or blind by the relentless, incurable disease called smallpox. In 1967, Dr. D.A. Henderson became director of a worldwide campaign to eliminate this disease from the face of the earth. This spellbinding book is Dr. Henderson’s personal story of how he led the World Health Organization’s campaign to eradicate smallpox—the only disease in history to have been deliberately eliminated. Some have called this feat "the greatest scientific and humanitarian achievement of the past century." In a lively, engrossing narrative, Dr. Henderson makes it clear that the gargantuan international effort involved more than straightforward mass vaccination. He and his staff had to cope with civil wars, floods, impassable roads, and refugees as well as formidable bureaucratic and cultural obstacles, shortages of local health personnel and meager budgets. Countries across the world joined in the effort; the United States and the Soviet Union worked together through the darkest cold war days; and professionals from more than 70 nations served as WHO field staff. On October 26, 1976, the last case of smallpox occurred. The disease that annually had killed two million people or more had been vanquished–and in just over ten years. The story did not end there. Dr. Henderson recounts in vivid detail the continuing struggle over whether to destroy the remaining virus in the two laboratories still that held it. Then came the startling discovery that the Soviet Union had been experimenting with smallpox virus as a biological weapon and producing it in large quantities. The threat of its possible use by a rogue nation or a terrorist has had to be taken seriously and Dr. Henderson has been a central figure in plans for coping with it. New methods for mass smallpox vaccination were so successful that he sought to expand the program of smallpox immunization to include polio, measles, whooping cough, diphtheria, and tetanus vaccines. That program now reaches more than four out of five children in the world and is eradicating poliomyelitis. This unique book is to be treasured—a personal and true story that proves that through cooperation and perseverance the most daunting of obstacles can be overcome.
Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309084148
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 233
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Book Description
Since smallpox eradication, the science of eradication has changed and with it, our definitions of what diseases are possible to eradicate. However, eradication must not beget complacency. As has been learned from past control or eradication attempts with a variety of viral diseases, from yellow fever to influenza, accidental or intentional reintroduction is a real threat-one that could strike anywhere and for which we need to be fully prepared. The criteria for assessing eradicability of polio, measles, and other viral infections have been debated extensively. With the elimination and eradication of several viral diseases on the horizon, issues surrounding the cessation of immunization activities become exceedingly important. In an effort to better understand the dynamics of disease eradication and post-immunization policies, the Institute of Medicine Forum on Emerging Infections hosted a two-day workshop (February 1-2, 2001) on The Consequences of Viral Disease Eradication. This book explores the principles underlying the biological challenges, medical interventions, the continuing research agenda, and operational considerations for post-immunization strategies for vaccine-preventable viral diseases, and highlights important efforts that may facilitate wise decision making.
Author: Stephen L. Cochi
Publisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 0262549190
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 333
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Book Description
Experts explore the biological, social, and economic complexities of eradicating disease. Disease eradication represents the ultimate in global equity and the definitive outcome of good public health practice. Thirty years ago, the elimination of smallpox defined disease eradication as a monumental global achievement with lasting benefits for society. Today, the global commitment to eradicate polio and guinea worm and heightened interest in the potential eradication of other infectious diseases, including measles/rubella, lymphatic filariasis, onchocerciasis, and malaria, dominate public health concerns. But what does it take to eradicate a disease? This book takes a fresh look at the evolving concepts of disease eradication, influenced by scientific advances, field experience, societal issues, and economic realities. A diverse group of experts from around the world, representing a range of disciplines, examines the biological, social, political, and economic complexities of eradicating a disease. The book details lessons learned from the initiatives against polio, measles/rubella, and onchocerciasis. Further chapters examine ethical issues, the investment case, governance models, organizational and institutional arrangements, political and social factors, feasibility of eradication goals, priority setting, and the integration of disease eradication programs with existing health systems. Contributors Stephen L. Cochi, Walter R. Dowdle, Claudia I. Emerson, Kimberly M. Thompson, Radboud J. Duintjer Tebbens, Regina Rabinovich, Lesong Conteh, B. Fenton Hall, Peter A. Singer, Maya Vijayaraghavan, Damian G. Walker, Kari Stoever, Julie Jacobson, Andy Wright, Chris Maher, Bruce Aylward, Ali Jaffer Mohamed, T. Jacob John, Robert S. Scott, Robert Hall, Jeffrey Bates, Sherine Guirguis, Thomas Moran, Peter Strebel, Eric A. Ottesen, Ciro de Quadros, Linda Muller, Jai Prakash Narain, Ole Wichmann, Alan R. Hinman, Stewart Tyson, Robin Biellik, Piya Hanvoravongchai, Sandra Mounier-Jack, Valeria Oliveira Cruz, Dina Balabanova, Yayehyirad Kitaw, Tracey Koehlmoos, Sebastião Loureiro, Mitike Molla, Ha Trong Nguyen, Pierre Ongolo-Zogo, Umeda Sadykova, Harbandhu Sarma, Maria Gloria Teixeira M, Jasim Uddin, Alya Dabbagh, Ulla Kou Griffiths, Muhammad Ali Pate, John O. Gyapong, Adrian Hopkins, Dairiku Hozumi, Mwelecele Malecela
Author: World Health Organization
Publisher: World Health Organization
ISBN: 9240003673
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 147
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Book Description
In 2016, at the request of the WHO Director-General, a group of scientists and public health experts from around the world were brought together to advise WHO on future scenarios for malaria, including whether eradication was feasible. Over three years, the members of the Strategic Advisory Group on Malaria Eradication (SAGme) analysed trends and reviewed future projections for the factors and determinants that underpin malaria. Our analysis and discussions reaffirmed that eradication will result in millions of lives saved and a return on investment of billions of dollars. We did not identify biological or environmental barriers to malaria eradication. In addition, our review of models accounting for a variety of global trends in the human and biophysical environment over the next three decades suggests that the world of the future will have much less malaria to contend with. However, even with our most optimistic scenarios and projections, we face an unavoidable fact: using current tools, we will still have 11 million cases of malaria in Africa in 2050. Under these circumstances, it is impossible to set a target date for malaria eradication, to formulate a reliable operational plan for malaria eradication or to give it a price tag. Our current priority should be to establish the foundation for a successful future eradication effort. At the same time, we need to guard against the risk of failure, as such failure might lead to the waste of huge sums of money, frustrate all those involved (national governments and malaria experts alike), and cause a lack of confidence in the global health community's ability to rid the world of this disease. We need a renewed drive towards research and development (R&D) on vector control, chemotherapy and vaccines in order to develop the transformative tools and knowledge base necessary for achieving eradication in the highest burden areas. We need political leadership that makes effective and efficient use of increased domestic and international funding. We need bespoke national and subnational strategies guided by improved use of data and stronger delivery systems to provide the appropriate mix of services to all those in need, without financial hardship. We need strengthened cross-border, regional and international cooperation on malaria control and elimination efforts worldwide. When these critical foundations are laid, we believe that the world will be in a much stronger position to make the final and credible push for eradication. As we complete our work in 2019, we recognize that the world stands at a crossroads in the fight against malaria. Despite huge progress in reducing malaria cases and deaths between 2000 and 2015, in the last five years, we have witnessed the stalling of global progress. The world is not on track to meet the 2020 milestones that will lead us to lower case incidence and mortality by 90% by 2030 (from 2015 levels) (5). Without massive concerted and coordinated action, we are unlikely to meet these targets. While we are certain that eradication by a specific date is not a promise we can make to the world just yet, there is a clear agenda - beginning with getting back on track to achieve the goals of the GTS - that should immediately be pursued to make eradication possible.
Author: United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, Education, and Related Agencies
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 44
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Book Description
Author: Gerald A. Carlson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Boll weevil
Languages : en
Pages : 36
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Author: United States. Congress. House. Committee on Agriculture. Subcommittee on Dairy and Poultry
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Brucellosis
Languages : en
Pages : 60
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher: World Health Organization
ISBN: 9240026509
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 95
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Book Description
