Elucidating the Role of Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 5B (eIF5B) in Non-canonical Translation Initiation PDF Download
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Author: Kamiko R. Bressler
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Cap-dependent translation drives the global synthesis of proteins. Under stress conditions global protein production is attenuated, yet the translation of ATF4 is upregulated through uORF- mediated translation initiation. eIF5B has been shown to deliver initiator-tRNA during non-canonical translation initiation. As such, we defined the role of eIF5B in the non-canonical translation of ATF4, and p27. Through polysome profiling and luciferase reporter assays, we confirmed that eIF5B facilitates uORF2-mediated repression of ATF4 translation. We determined that eIF5B has transcriptome-wide effects on signaling pathways, verifying activation of the JNK arm of the MAPK pathway and upregulation of dyskerin. I investigated the role eIF5B has in regulation of p27, and suggest that the mechanism is IRES-dependent. This study furthers the understanding into mechanisms of alternative translation initiation, which is critical to gene expression regulation.
Author: Kamiko R. Bressler
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Cap-dependent translation drives the global synthesis of proteins. Under stress conditions global protein production is attenuated, yet the translation of ATF4 is upregulated through uORF- mediated translation initiation. eIF5B has been shown to deliver initiator-tRNA during non-canonical translation initiation. As such, we defined the role of eIF5B in the non-canonical translation of ATF4, and p27. Through polysome profiling and luciferase reporter assays, we confirmed that eIF5B facilitates uORF2-mediated repression of ATF4 translation. We determined that eIF5B has transcriptome-wide effects on signaling pathways, verifying activation of the JNK arm of the MAPK pathway and upregulation of dyskerin. I investigated the role eIF5B has in regulation of p27, and suggest that the mechanism is IRES-dependent. This study furthers the understanding into mechanisms of alternative translation initiation, which is critical to gene expression regulation.
Author: Mark O. J. Olson
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461405149
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 434
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Book Description
Within the past two decades, extraordinary new functions for the nucleolus have begun to appear, giving the field a new vitality and generating renewed excitement and interest. These new discoveries include both newly-discovered functions and aspects of its conventional role. The Nucleolus is divided into three parts: nucleolar structure and organization, the role of the nucleolus in ribosome biogenesis, and novel functions of the nucleolus.
Author:
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 9780123739698
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 512
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Book Description
For over fifty years the Methods in Enzymology series has been the critically aclaimed laboratory standard and one of the most respected publications in the field of biochemistry. The highly relevant material makes it an essential publication for researchers in all fields of life and related sciences. This volume, the second of three on the topic of Translation Initiation includes articles written by leaders in the field.
Author: Béatrice Clouet-d'Orval
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 331965795X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 276
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Book Description
This book focuses on the regulation of transcription and translation in Archaea and arising insights into the evolution of RNA processing pathways. From synthesis to degradation and the implications of gene expression, it presents the current state of knowledge on archaeal RNA biology in 13 chapters. Topics covered include the modification and maturation of RNAs, the function of small non-coding RNAs and the CRISPR-Cas defense system. While Archaea have long been considered exotic microbial extremophiles, they are now increasingly being recognized as important model microorganisms for the study of molecular mechanisms conserved across the three domains of life, and with regard to the relevance of similarities and differences to eukaryotes and bacteria. This unique book offers a valuable resource for all readers interested in the regulation of gene expression in Archaea and RNA metabolism in general.
Author: Tim Humphrey
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1592598579
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 405
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Book Description
The fundamental question of how cells grow and divide has perplexed biologists since the development of the cell theory in the mid-19th century, when it was recognized by Virchow and others that “all cells come from cells.” In recent years, considerable effort has been applied to the identification of the basic molecules and mechanisms that regulate the cell cycle in a number of different organisms. Such studies have led to the elucidation of the central paradigms that underpin eukaryotic cell cycle control, for which Lee Hartwell, Tim Hunt, and Paul Nurse were jointly awarded the Nobel Prize for Medicine and Physiology in 2001 in recognition of their seminal contributions to this field. The importance of understanding the fundamental mechanisms that modulate cell division has been reiterated by relatively recent discoveries of links between cell cycle control and DNA repair, growth, cellular metabolism, development, and cell death. This new phase of integrated cell cycle research provides further challenges and opportunities to the biological and medical worlds in applying these basic concepts to understanding the etiology of cancer and other proliferative diseases.
Author: Olivier Binda
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 012802609X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 468
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Book Description
Chromatin Signaling and Diseases covers the molecular mechanisms that regulate gene expression, which govern everything from embryonic development, growth, and human pathologies associated with aging, such as cancer. This book helps researchers learn about or keep up with the quickly expanding field of chromatin signaling. After reading this book, clinicians will be more capable of explaining the mechanisms of gene expression regulation to their patients to reassure them about new drug developments that target chromatin signaling mechanisms. For example, several epigenetic drugs that act on chromatin signaling factors are in clinical trials or even approved for usage in cancer treatments, Alzheimer's, and Huntington's diseases. Other epigenetic drugs are in development to regulate various class of chromatin signaling factors. To keep up with this changing landscape, clinicians and doctors will need to stay familiar with genetic advances that translate to clinical practice, such as chromatin signaling. Although sequencing of the human genome was completed over a decade ago and its structure investigated for nearly half a century, molecular mechanisms that regulate gene expression remain largely misunderstood. An emerging concept called chromatin signaling proposes that small protein domains recognize chemical modifications on the genome scaffolding histone proteins, facilitating the nucleation of enzymatic complexes at specific loci that then open up or shut down the access to genetic information, thereby regulating gene expression. The addition and removal of chemical modifications on histones, as well as the proteins that specifically recognize these, is reviewed in Chromatin Signaling and Diseases. Finally, the impact of gene expression defects associated with malfunctioning chromatin signaling is also explored. - Explains molecular mechanisms that regulate gene expression, which governs everything from embryonic development, growth, and human pathologies associated with aging - Educates clinicians and researchers about chromatin signaling, a molecular mechanism that is changing our understanding of human pathology - Explores the addition and removal of chemical modifications on histones, the proteins that specifically recognize these, and the impact of gene expression defects associated with malfunctioning chromatin signaling - Helps researchers learn about the quickly expanding field of chromatin signaling
Author: Robert E. Rhoads
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 364203103X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 122
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Book Description
This book is dedicated to understanding how miRNAs affect translation. It includes chapters representing work in plants and Caenorhabditis elegans, the biological systems that originally led to the discovery of small interfering RNAs.
Author: Ruth Heidelberger
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0080920837
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 654
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Book Description
An understanding of the nervous system at virtually any level of analysis requires an understanding of its basic building block, the neuron. From Molecules to Networks provides the solid foundation of the morphologic, biochemical, and biophysical properties of nerve cells. All chapters have been thoroughly revised for this second edition to reflect the significant advances of the past 5 years. The new edition expands on the network aspects of cellular neurobiology by adding a new chapter, Information Processing in Neural Networks, and on the relation of cell biological processes to various neurological diseases. The new concluding chapter illustrates how the great strides in understanding the biochemical and biophysical properties of nerve cells have led to fundamental insights into important aspects of neurodegenerative disease. - Written and edited by leading experts in the field, the second edition completely and comprehensively updates all chapters of this unique textbook - Discusses emerging new understanding of non-classical molecules that affect neuronal signaling - Full colour, professional graphics throughout - Includes two new chapters: Information Processing in Neural Networks - describes the principles of operation of neural networks and the key circuit motifs that are common to many networks in the nervous system. Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Neurodegenerative Disease - introduces the progress made in the last 20 years in elucidating the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying brain disorders, including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Parkinson disease, and Alzheimer's disease
Author: Joachim Frank
Publisher: World Scientific Publishing Company
ISBN: 9789813234857
Category : Electron microscopy
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
The book reproduces 55 of more than 300 articles written by the author, representing milestones in methods development of single-particle cryo-EM as well as important results obtained by this technique in the study of biological macromolecules and their interactions. Importantly, neither symmetries nor ordered arrangements (as in two-dimensional crystals, helical assemblies, icosahedral viruses) are required. Although the biological applications are mainly in the area of ribosome structure and function, the elucidation of membrane channel structures and their activation and gating mechanisms are represented, as well. The book is introduced by a commentary that explains the original development of concepts, describes the contributions of the author's colleagues and students, and shows how challenges were overcome as the technique matured. Along the way, the ribosome served as an example for a macromolecule with intricate structure and conformational dynamics that pose challenges for three-dimensional visualization. Toward the end of the book -- bringing us to the present time -- molecular structures with near-atomic resolution are presented, and a novel type of computational analysis, manifold embedding, is introduced. Single-particle cryo-EM is currently revolutionizing structural biology, presenting a powerful alternative to X-ray crystallography as a means to solve the structure of biological macromolecules. The book presents in one place a number of articles containing key advances in mathematical and computational methods leading up to the present time. Secondly, the development of the technique over the years is reflected by ever-expanding discoveries in the field of ribosome structure and function. Thirdly, as all histories of ideas, the history of concepts pertaining to this new method of visualization is fascinating all in itself.
Author: Long-Cheng Li
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9811043108
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 238
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Book Description
This book offers an essential guide to RNA activation (RNAa), an emerging and fascinating new field. RNAa is a small RNA-guided and Argonaute-dependent gene regulation phenomenon in which promoter-targeted short double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) induce target gene expression at the transcriptional level. It occurs primarily in the nucleus and can be mediated by artificially designed short duplex RNAs that target regulatory sequences (e.g., promoters, genes’ 3’ termini and enhancers) and naturally occurring small RNAs (e.g., miRNAs and C. elegans 22G-RNAs). With contributions from internationally respected RNA experts, this book provides comprehensive coverage of different RNAa mechanisms and a timely update on recent advances in RNAa research, with a focus on developing RNAa-based therapeutics. Special chapters are also devoted to the topics of gene activation induced by antisense oligonucleotides and the CRISPR system. As the first book to cover RNAa, it will be of interest to a wide audience, from scientists in academia and the pharmaceutical industry to clinicians who wish to further explore the biology of RNAa and related phenomena, so as to harness their full potential for use in biotechnology and drug development.
