Efficacy of Compost Tea on Septoria Leaf Spot of Tomato in Field and Greenhouse Studies PDF Download
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Author:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
With acceptance and utilization of chemical pesticides declining, some vegetable producers are turning to alternative methods to manage plant health issues. Compost tea (CT) has provided control of some foliar pathogens and may provide benefits beyond disease suppression. Despite an increasing body of popular and scientific literature focusing on CT as a biological control option for growers, information on the efficacy of CT is still lacking for many pathosystems. In this study, field trials were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of CT on Septoria lycopersici, causal agent of Septoria leaf spot on tomato, in Kansas, in 2006 and 2007. Previous research done at KSU with a similar CT showed adequate control of this pathogen in field and greenhouse studies conducted. Additional work to develop a rapid screening method for efficacy of CT formulations was carried out in the greenhouse at Manhattan, KS. CT sprayed weekly on tomato plants prior to and after disease onset led to no significant difference in control of the pathogen compared to untreated controls. A contact fungicide (chlorothalonil) provided significant control of the pathogen in 2007, but not in 2006. These results contrast with those obtained in previous K-State research. It is difficult to assess why such striking differences were obtained, but the variation in these results point to the need to identify optimal recipes of CT for this pathosystem. Preliminary investigations standardized plant age, inoculum concentration, incubation conditions, and incubation interval for measurable Septoria leaf spot disease development on young tomato plants in the greenhouse. Ingredients of the field-tested CT were used to make a variety of CTs to test using the greenhouse-screening assay. Further work on identifying effective CT recipes is needed to substantiate the validity of this screening protocol and to evaluate the correlation of this method with disease suppression in the field.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
With acceptance and utilization of chemical pesticides declining, some vegetable producers are turning to alternative methods to manage plant health issues. Compost tea (CT) has provided control of some foliar pathogens and may provide benefits beyond disease suppression. Despite an increasing body of popular and scientific literature focusing on CT as a biological control option for growers, information on the efficacy of CT is still lacking for many pathosystems. In this study, field trials were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of CT on Septoria lycopersici, causal agent of Septoria leaf spot on tomato, in Kansas, in 2006 and 2007. Previous research done at KSU with a similar CT showed adequate control of this pathogen in field and greenhouse studies conducted. Additional work to develop a rapid screening method for efficacy of CT formulations was carried out in the greenhouse at Manhattan, KS. CT sprayed weekly on tomato plants prior to and after disease onset led to no significant difference in control of the pathogen compared to untreated controls. A contact fungicide (chlorothalonil) provided significant control of the pathogen in 2007, but not in 2006. These results contrast with those obtained in previous K-State research. It is difficult to assess why such striking differences were obtained, but the variation in these results point to the need to identify optimal recipes of CT for this pathosystem. Preliminary investigations standardized plant age, inoculum concentration, incubation conditions, and incubation interval for measurable Septoria leaf spot disease development on young tomato plants in the greenhouse. Ingredients of the field-tested CT were used to make a variety of CTs to test using the greenhouse-screening assay. Further work on identifying effective CT recipes is needed to substantiate the validity of this screening protocol and to evaluate the correlation of this method with disease suppression in the field.
Author: Karen Roger Marie Joslin
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 130
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Book Description
Disease management in organic tomato (Lycopersci esculentum Mill.) production in humid climates poses challenges for producers. Septoria leaf spot (Septoria lycopersici Speg.) is a common disease of tomatoes in areas with high humidity and varying temperatures from 20 to 25 0C. New commercial products and techniques are becoming available to control S. lycopersici, but their efficacy has not been adequately tested. Our objective was to evaluate the efficacy of organic fungicides and compost teas. The teas were made from either windrow-composted cattle manure (WCCM) or vermicomposted cattle manure (VCCM). We also compared the efficacy of organic and conventional fungicides. Tomato plants ('Mountain Spring") were inoculated with 7.5 x 108 conidia·ha−1 and treated with: (i) control (no foliar spray), (ii) alternated applications of chlorothalonil plus copper hydroxide and mancozeb plus copper hydroxide (iii) copper hydroxide only, (iv) Bacillus subtilis only, (v) WCCM tea, and (vi) VCCM tea. Copper hydroxide reduced disease severity caused by S. lycopersici and the addition of chlorothalonil or mancozeb did not increase yield or decrease disease severity. Neither compost tea, Serenade, nor Sporan reduced disease severity caused by the bacterial speck/bacterial spot complex and S. lycopersici. Because many factors can influence compost tea efficacy a growth chamber experiment was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of compost tea from either WCCM or VCCM with or without nutrient additives to control S. lycopersici on tomatoes. The efficacy of compost tea made from a SoilSoup brewer was also tested. Tomato plants ('Mountain Spring") were started in a greenhouse and then moved into three growth chambers (replications), inoculated with 1000 conidia/mL and treated with: (i) control (no foliar spray), (ii) WCCM, (iii) WCCM tea plus a nutrient solution, (iv) VCCM tea, (v) VCCM tea plus a nutrient solution, and (VI) SoilSoup compost tea. The experiment was repeated once. The addition of fermentation nutrients did not increase compost tea efficacy. The use of commercial brewing equipment did not increase compost tea efficacy. Compost source did not affect tea efficacy. Further research is necessary to determine the role compost teas have on controlling S. lycopersici in organic tomato production.
Author: Mirko Cucina
Publisher: Mdpi AG
ISBN: 9783036525655
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 94
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Book Description
This book collects six papers published in the Agronomy Special Issue "New Advances on Nutrients Recovery from Agro-Industrial and Livestock Wastes for Sustainable Farming" that aim to furnish new information on nutrients recovery from organic wastes.
Author: E.C. Tjamos
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1475794681
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 446
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Book Description
The papers contained in this book were presented at a NATO Advanced Research Workshop (ARW) held at Cape Sounion, Athens, Greece, 19-24 May, 1991. The twenty-eight more comprehensive papers represent the key subjects of the ARW covered by invited speakers. The thirty-four short papers pre sented in a research format are contributions of those invited to participate in the ARW. There was a total of 70 participants from 21 countries. The objectives of the ARW were as follows: to review current knowledge of biological control of plant diseases and plant parasitic nematodes, with emphasis on mechanisms at the molecular, cellular, organismal, and ecosystem level; to examine and expand on current concepts and synthesize new concepts; to identify and prioritize limitations in the use of biological control for plant diseases and nematodes and the scientific research needed to overcome these limitations; and to develop strategies for biological control through management of resident agents or introduction of natural or modified agents.
Author: P.Parvatha Reddy
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 8132207238
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 282
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Book Description
In the recent years, the need to increase food production to meet the demands of rapidly increasing population from a limited land resource necessitated the use of intensive farming systems, with the inputs like narrow genetic base, high dose of fertilizers, pesticides, irrigation, monocropping, etc. which led to the development of diseases and pest. The effect of changing global climate, particularly the sharp increase in CO2 concentration, has increased the susceptibility of plants to pathogens and pests. Because of the chemicalization of agriculture, the age-old eco-friendly pest management practices like sanitation, crop rotation, mixed cropping, adjustment of date of planting, fallowing, summer ploughing, green manuring, composting, etc. are not being practiced, affecting the crops adversely. This has encouraged researchers to look for eco-friendly and novel approaches for pest management. The information on recent advances in crop protection (involving bacteria, fungi, nematodes, insects, mites and weeds) is scattered. The book delves upon the most latest developments in crop protection such as avermectins, bacteriophages, biofumigation, biotechnological approaches; bio-priming of seeds; disguising the leaf surface; use of non-pathogenic strains, plant defense activators, plant growth promoting rhizobacteria, pathogenesis-related proteins, strobilurin fungicides, RNA interference, and variety of mixtures/cultivar mixtures/multilines; soil solarization; biointensive integrated pest management; among several others (fusion protein-based biopesticides, seed mat technology and environmental methods). This book is a ready reference for students, policy-makers, scientists, researchers and extension workers.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agriculture
Languages : en
Pages : 2312
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher: ANR Publications
ISBN:
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 118
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Soil animals
Languages : en
Pages : 56
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Author: Mohammad Saghir Khan
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 364201979X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 371
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Book Description
With an ever-increasing human population, the demand placed upon the agriculture sector to supply more food is one of the greatest challenges for the agrarian community. In order to meet this challenge, environmentally unfriendly agroch- icals have played a key role in the green revolution and are even today commonly recommended to circumvent nutrient de?ciencies of the soils. The use of ag- chemicals is, though, a major factor for improvement of plant production; it causes a profound deteriorating effect on soil health (soil fertility) and in turn negatively affects the productivity and sustainability of crops. Concern over disturbance to the microbial diversity and consequently soil fertility (as these microbes are involved in biogeochemical processes), as well as economic constraints, have prompted fun- mental and applied research to look for new agro-biotechnologies that can ensure competitive yields by providing suf?ciently not only essential nutrients to the plants but also help to protect the health of soils by mitigating the toxic effects of certain pollutants. In this regard, the role of naturally abundant yet functionally fully unexplored microorganisms such as biofertilizers assume a special signi?cance in the context of supplementing plant nutrients, cost and environmental impact under both conventional practices and derelict environments. Therefore, current devel- ments in sustainability involve a rational exploitation of soil microbial communities and the use of inexpensive, though less bio-available, sources of plant nutrients, which may be made available to plants by microbially-mediated processes.
Author: Pam Dawling
Publisher: New Society Publishers
ISBN: 1550925121
Category : Gardening
Languages : en
Pages : 459
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Book Description
Growing for 100 - the complete year-round guide for the small-scale market grower. Across North America, an agricultural renaissance is unfolding. A growing number of market gardeners are emerging to feed our appetite for organic, regional produce. But most of the available resources on food production are aimed at the backyard or hobby gardener who wants to supplement their family's diet with a few homegrown fruits and vegetables. Targeted at serious growers in every climate zone, Sustainable Market Farming is a comprehensive manual for small-scale farmers raising organic crops sustainably on a few acres. Informed by the author's extensive experience growing a wide variety of fresh, organic vegetables and fruit to feed the approximately one hundred members of Twin Oaks Community in central Virginia, this practical guide provides: Detailed profiles of a full range of crops, addressing sowing, cultivation, rotation, succession, common pests and diseases, and harvest and storage Information about new, efficient techniques, season extension, and disease resistant varieties Farm-specific business skills to help ensure a successful, profitable enterprise Whether you are a beginning market grower or an established enterprise seeking to improve your skills, Sustainable Market Farming is an invaluable resource and a timely book for the maturing local agriculture movement.
